雅思--大作文常考主题结构及词汇.doc

大作文常考的主题词汇Education: studying abroad & competition broaden/expand ones horizon enhance ones social awareness have a good command of English be fully immersed in English appreciate/celebrate cultural diversity learn advanced science and technology think independently/critically communicate effectively/work efficiently put what you have learned into practice work well in teams/survival skills have more financial burden/strain encounter/experience culture shock cannot distinguish right from wrong may easily go astray/self-discipline be vulnerable to societal ills/problems lack integration into the mainstream society lack cultural assimilation/cannot assimilate into rote learning 死记硬背/spoon-fed education cramming method 突击学习/填鸭式教育 exam-oriented/teach to the test 应试教育 student-centered learning 以学生为中心 activity-based learning/group discussion extra-curricular activity 课外活动 self-study 自学 online-education in-class instruction 课堂教学 face-to-face learning/inter-active learning Very rarely do children in other countries receive academic training as intensive as our children do. But many educators say Chinas strength in education is also a weakness. The nations education system is too test-oriented, schools here stifle creativity and parental pressures often deprive children of the joys of childhood, they say. These are two sides of the same coin: Chinese schools are very good at preparing their students for standardized tests. In an interview, Mr. Jiang said Chinese schools emphasized testing too much, and produced students who lacked curiosity and the ability to think critically or independently. “It creates very narrow-minded students,” he said. “But what China needs now is entrepreneurs and innovators.” This is a common complaint in China. Educators say an emphasis on standardized tests is partly to blame for the shortage of innovative start-ups in China. And executives at global companies operating here say they have difficulty finding middle managers who can think creatively and solve problems. In many ways, the system is a reflection of Chinas Confucianist past. Children are expected to honor and respect their parents and teachers.Science & Technology: online education satisfy/meet the needs/demands of different learners cater to the needs of different learners open up higher education opportunities to the learners Students could have easier access to more educational resources. study flexible hours/flexible schedule cost/resource effective, time-saving, reduce exposure to school bullying lack face-to-face communication among teachers and students lack cooperation with others become socially inadaptable/inept less motivation/less proactive plenty of distractions/temptations no self-control/self-discipline cannot separate study hours from personal life be addicted to computer games be obsessed with /addictive Online education that is consistent with best practices is immensely beneficial to students. First, there are fewer and fewer doubts about whether it can be as effective in achieving learning outcomes as face-to-face instruction. A growing body of research supports this conclusion. Second, and as often noted, a primary advantage of online education is that it can be asynchronous (not at the same time), greatly increasing the flexibility and availability of education. There is no question that, for brick-and-mortar institutions, online education offers a way to scale up operations to meet increased demand at a marginal cost that is lower than that which would be necessary to add physical infrastructure (facility). Certainly, there are problems within the online educational sector, but it is worth noting that these problems are not necessarily unique to that sector. There are schools that use unscrupulous (dishonest) or illegal student recruitment techniques. There are schools that have no accreditation at all or hold accreditation that does not allow students to transfer credits easily to other schools or qualify for admission to graduate programs. There are many challenges, even for institutions that have well-established online programs. One is the dizzying pace at which technology evolves. Student authentication, for example, is a concern. Most companies offering assessment engines or technologies that verify student identity or other services are small, and questions remain about their sustainability. Ultimately, though, I would say that the overarching challenge for online education is the same as for higher education in general: accountability for outcomes.Culture & Art: culture preservation & tourism _a symbol of ancient civilization. history/culture/tradition/heritage/civilization _symbolize/represent/showcase_. of high artistic value/scientific research value History is passed down through _. _boost local economy/tourism industry. keep/preserve/conserve cultural identity can benefit cultural exchange/diversity raise/boost/arouse public awareness promote/publicize our cultural heritage raise funds for preservation and revival of _ In 2004 the Shanghai government created 12 preservation zones, giving historic neighborhoods at least some protection. The governments motive for such moves is often profit; it has recognized that the citys extraordinary mix of architecture contributes to its tourist appeal. But there has also been pressure from the citizens of Shanghai, who have grown increasingly proud of their citys landscape, including the Western-style architecture, once a symbol of Chinas subjugation. Not all Shanghainese, of course, agree that its a war worth fighting. Some residents who have seen friends receive the equivalent of thousands of dollars to relocate from crumbling homes to new apartments dismiss preservation efforts, and officials stress the importance of improving the citys living conditions. Mass Media: crime rate Juvenile delinquency refers to anti-social or illegal behavior by children or adolescents. Crime committed by young people has risen since the mid-twentieth century globally.背景及解决方法 Proper school education and parental control/guidance are highly necessary for cutting down juvenile delinquency. Most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with juveniles, such as juvenile detention centers. Many people attribute juvenile delinquency 结果 to inappropriate family parenting 原因. It is noticed that a large proportion of young criminals come from families with either domestic violence or parental negligence and they are susceptible to peer pressure来自家庭学校和青少年自身的原因 Some studies done by criminal psychologists reveals that juvenile delinquency can be traced back to their emotional disturbance and mental frustration/disorder. Another contributing factor is that teenagers are most likely being willful/impulsive and rebellious which may lead to anti-social behaviors. Films which contain erotic, corrupt and provoking episode can do harm to young people. Imitation of the violent contents may lead to increase in the number of juvenile delinquents.来自媒体的负面影响 Increased exposure to media has been linked to higher rates of smoking, earlier sexual activity, social isolation and depression. And there is a direct relationship between time spent in front of a screen and the risk of obesity. benefits worldwide fads and pop culture growth of cross-cultural contacts spreading of multiculturalism international sporting events reduce hostility among countries popularity of foreign products and ideas improve ones living standard international tourism and immigrationdrawbacks cause the widening gap between rich and poor lead to the polarization of wealth give rise to/contribute to outsourcing economy exploitation of migrant workers is a result of promote the idea of consumerism/materialism result in the emergence of a dominant language大作文结构句型. 单个副词 recently, nowadays, in recent years, in the past twenty years, in the past two decades, in the last Century, in the 21st Century2. 介词状语前置 With the development of the society, With the advance of the technology, With the booming of the economy, With the progress of the civilization,更好的开头句型-NY TIMES In times of rapid technological change, As Chinas economy recovers, With food prices remaining high in developing countries, has changed dramatically/drastically has changed at an amazing rate People are attaching much importance to Remarkable changes have taken place in is an ongoing process/trend/phenomenon is becoming increasingly popular/prevalent has gained such a popularity /is on the rise is a heated debate/has triggered a heated discussion has been a growing concern/has drawn severe criticism We often find ourselves involved in a real dilemma thatAmazing 使人惊奇的同义词 staggering /stg.r./ adj 令人难以置信的 词组：staggeringly expensive housing price astounding /stan.d/ adj 使人震惊的 词组：an astounding fact/achievement/development astonishing /stn./ adj 令人惊讶地 例句：Her first novel enjoyed an astonishing success. unprecedented /npres.den.td/ adj 前所未有的 例句：This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale. unparalleled /npr.l.eld/ adj 不可企及的例句：They enjoyed success on a scale unparalleled by any previous pop group. profound /prfand/ adj 影响深远的例句：His mothers death when he was aged six had a very profound effect on him.表示左右为难的不同单词 dilemma dilem 左右为难的事情 paradox prdks 自相矛盾的说法 ambivalence mbvlns 举棋不定的事 quandary kwndri: 令人不知所措的事 predicament prdkmnt 令人尴尬的事 double-edged sword 双刃剑 two-sided coin 双面硬币 Catch-22 进退两难的局面 some/many/most/a majority of/quite a few people think/assert/argue/insist/claim/suggest/believe/proclaim/advocate/hold the view/have the opinion that _A_ while/but/however/nevertheless/on the other hand, others/other peoplethink/assert/argue/insist/claim/suggest/believe/proclaim/advocate/hold the view/hold the opinion that _B_argue: 争论 to give the reasons for your opinion, idea, belief, etc The minister argued that cuts in military spending were needed.assert: 断言 to say that something is certainly true He asserts that she stole money from him. advocate: 提倡 to publicly support or suggest an idea, development or way of doing something He advocates the return of capital punishment.claim: 声称 a statement that something is true or is a fact, although other people might not believe it The governments claim that it would reduce taxes proved false. insist: 主张 to state or demand forcefully, especially despite opposition She insisted on seeing her claim: 宣布 to announce something publicly or officially, especially something positive Republican party members were confidently proclaiming victory even as the first few votes came in. Those who support /favor-oppose /are against _名词_ might argue that _句子_. The proponents /advocates-opponents/critics of _名词_ might argue that _句子_.英语中不同主题的支持者和反对者的说法 environmentalist/energy lobbyist animal rights advocate/cultural conservationist technology savvy/ technology laggard technology optimist /technology pessimist computer whiz/technophobeTo sum up/In general/In conclusion/In a word比较中立的观点 With views of both sides considered, we may draw the conclusion that_. 非常肯定地站在一边 as I mentioned above/as what has been mentioned above, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that_.如果字数不够 In addition,_.NYT 标题党-大作文首段句型补充 More Pupils Are Learning Online, Fueling Debate on Quality -Something fuels debate on Rise in Online Classes Flares Debate About Quality -Something flares debate about Generational Divide Colors Debate Over Medicares Future - Something colors debate over Police Lesson: Social Network Tools Have 2 Edges - something has two edges Cuomos Centrism Draws Praise but Stirs Suspicion - something draws praise but stirs suspicion An Attack Sheds Light on Internet Security Holes - Something sheds light on Japanese Citys Cry Resonates Around the World Something resonates among the general public 引起共鸣 Crisis Saddles Village With Unwanted Notoriety Something saddles sb. with a problem. 使面临问题 Radiation Errors Erode Confidence in Power Company Something erodes confidence in 使失去信心 At Particle Lab, a Tantalizing Glimpse Has Physicists Holding Their Breaths - something has sb holding their breaths A Fixture of Hollywoods Past, Now Tarnished by Strife Something is tarnished by 使黯淡 Bloggers Challenge President on Standardized Testing Somebody challenges somebody on something. Gun Issue Is Troubling Berkeley High Something is troubling somebody. face a problem 面临一个问题 identify a problem 确认一个问题 raise a problem 提出一个问题 cause a problem 引起一个问题 present a problem 带来一个问题 remedy a problem 纠正一个问题 deal with a problem 解决一个问题 tackle a problem 解决一个问题 address a problem 解决一个问题 resolve a problem 解决一个问题 solve a problem 解决一个问题表示某个问题无处不在的形容词 prevalent prevlnt 普遍存在的 p