东莞理工学院专业英语资料.doc

07届专业英语复习资料（ZJF）第一部分：专业术语ALU:Arithmetic Logical Unit算术逻辑部件,运算器SCR: silicon controlled rectifier可控硅整流器VSWR: voltage standing wave ratio电压驻波比BNC:同轴电缆卡环形接头FCC :federal communications commission邮电管理局AGP:accelerated graphics port加速图形接口DVD:digital video disc数字视盘IEEE:电气和电子工程师协会IC： Integrated circuits 集成电路LSI：Large-scale Integration大规模集成(电路)VLSI：Very Large-scale Integration 超大规模集成(电路)MSI: Medium Scale Integration中规模集成(电路)VHSIC: Very High Speed Integration 甚高速集成电路CMOS ：Complementary Metal Oxide Silicon 互补金属氧化物半导体TTL ：Transistor-transistor Logic 晶体管-晶体管逻辑（电路）MOS： Metal-Oxide-Silicon 金属氧化物半导体PMOS: p-type Metal-oxide semiconductor p型金属氧化物半导体NMOS: n-type Metal-oxide semiconductor n型金属氧化物半导体flip-flop 触发器SRAM: Static Random Access Memory 静态随机存取存储器RAM：random-access memory 随机存取存储器DRAM：Dynamic Random Access Memory 动态随机存取存储器ROM: Read Only Memory 只读存储器EEPROM：Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM 电可擦除只读存储器MIPS： Million Instructions Per Second 每秒百万条指令GBW: Gain bandwidth 增益带宽积DC: Direct Current 直流电AC: Alternating Current交流电GSM: Global System for Mobile communications全球数字移动通信系统TCXO: Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator 温度补偿晶体振荡器PLL: Phase Locked Loop 锁相环VCO: Voltage Controlled Oscillator 压控振荡器MTSO: Mobile Telephone Switching Office移动电话交换局MSC: Mobile Switching Center移动交换中心PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network公共交换电话网First-Generation Mobile Phones: Analog Voice第一代移动电话：模拟话音AMPS： Advanced Mobile Phone System先进移动电话系统TDM: Time Division Multiplexing 时分复用FDM: Frequency-Division Multiplexing频分复用PCM : Pulse Code Modulation 脉冲编码调制CB : Citizens Band 民用波段D-AMPS ：The Digital Advanced Mobile Phone SystemGSM ：The Global System for Mobile Communications全球移动通信系统CDMA： Code Division Multiple Access码分多址CPU：central processing unit 中央处理器BIOS: Basic input/output system基本输入输出系统IDE : Integrated Drive Electronics 集成驱动电子设备 PCI： Peripheral Component Interconnect 周边元件互连接口SCSI small computer system interface小型计算机系统接口 AGP: Accelerated Graphics Port加速图形接口USB: Universal Serial Bus通用串行总线DSL: Digital Subscriber Line 数字用户线VDSL: Very high bit-rate DSL 超高数据率数字用户线OS：Operating system 操作系统LAN: Local area network局域网，本地网Ethernet 以太网POST: Power-On Self Test 通电自检CD: compact disc光盘LP: long playing record慢转密纹唱片CAD: Computer Aided Design计算机辅助设计 EDA: Electronic Design Automatic电子设计自动化HDL: Hardware Description Language硬件描述语言ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit专用集成电路PLD: Programmable Logic Device可编程逻辑器件PLA: Programmable Logic Array可编程逻辑阵列RTL: Register Transfer Level寄存器传送级 CPLD: complex programmable-logic device复杂可编程逻辑器件FPGA: field-programmable gate array现场可编程门阵列MPEG: Moving Picture Expert Group运动图像专家组ASSP: Application-Specific Standard Products专用标准器件 IP: Intellectual Property知识产权 SIP: single in-line package 单行排齐(SIP)封装6register 寄存器comparator比较器capacitor 电容器microcontroller微处理器microprocessor 微处理器assembler汇编器transfer function传输/转移函数tranducer传感器line driver线路驱动器level shifter电平移动器oscillator振荡器voltage source 电压源current source 电流源signal conditione信号调节器actuator传动器integrator 积分器latch 锁存器,锁存Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换rectifier整流器inductor电感器regulator稳压器 调节器detector检测器tri-state buffer三态缓冲器transistor 晶体管discrete 不连续的,离散的semiconductor 半导体implement 实现,工具miniaturization 小型化consumpiton 消耗component 成分,组件incorporate 合并的,一体化的mechanical 机械的magnetic有磁性的macrofunction 宏功能static静态的dynamic动态的configure 配置bipolar 双极的hybrid 混合的approach 接近 方法,途径erasable 可擦除的subtraction 减少multiplication乘法/增加permanent 永久的assembly language汇编语言opcode操作码drift漂移stability稳定性passive被动的,无源的log/log coordinates对数-对数坐标complex复杂的quality factor 品质因数cascade级联damping减幅reference voltage参加电压switching 开关,转换conductivity传导性load current负载电流series串联dielectric电介质resonant(seris/parallel)串/并联谐振skew相位偏移duty cycle占空比cordless不用电线的impedance 阻抗component部件if not如果不是amazing令人惊奇的a great deal of(大量的)solid state 固态的electronic电子的non-voatile 非易失的high density高密度code and data 代码和数据embedded 嵌入式backup 备份as soon asavailable layer 层via 经由(通道)share a frequency channel共用一个频道digitized speech数字化语音a number of time slots若干时隙data rate数据率synchronization同步apart from除去第二部分：课本习题Unit 11.fill in the blanks with proper words, phrases or clauses. (1)The microprocessor is the central _component (部件)of the PC._All the job that you do(你做的的全部工作)on your computer is performed directly or indirectly by the processor . Obviously , it is one of the most important components of the PC, if not (如果不是)the most important . It is also , scientifically , not only one of the most amazing (令人惊奇的)parts of the PC , but one of the most amazing devices (器件)in the world of technology . The processor plays a significant role (扮演重要的角色)in the following important aspects (方面)of your computer system : Performance : The processor is probably the most important single determinant (决定性的因素)of system performance in the PC . While other component also play a key role in determining performance , the processors capabilities dictate (控制)the maximum performance of a system . The other devices only allow the processor to reach its full potential .(达到它的全部潜能)Energy Consumption and Cooling : Originally processors consumed relatively little power compared to other system devices . Newer processors can consume a great deal of (大量的)power . Power consumption has an impact on everything from cooling method selection to overall system reliability . Moterboard Support : The processor you decide to use in your system will be a major determining factor in what sort of chipset you must use , and hence what motherboard you buy . The motherboard in turn (反过来)dictates many facets of your systems capabilities and performance . (2)Flash memory is a solid state (固态的) storage device-everything is electronic (电子的) . Flash memory provides a non-volatile (非易失的) , reliable , low power , low cost , high density (高密度) storage device for programmable code and data (代码和数据) , making it extremely useful in the embedded (嵌入式) marketplace . The most noticeable attribute of the FLASH part is its ability to retain data without the need for power or battery backup (备份) . For example , lets say I had my PDA and I was typing in a casual business acquaintances telephone number . In the middle of my typing , the battery dies . If the information is in RAM , the information will be lost as soon as the battery dies . If the information is in FLASH before I lose power , the information will be available when I find another battery . 2.Translate the following passages into Chinese or English . 1)Many of the products and services in modern society are based upon the work of electrical engineers and computer scientists . The tremendous reduction over the last decade in the cost of digital electronic devices has led to an explosive growth in the use of computer science has made possible the development of new software systems of increased power , sophistication , and flexibility . 现代社会的许多产品和服务都是建立在电气工程师和计算机科学家的工作基础之上。在过去几十年中,数字电子器件成本的大幅下降已经带来了计算机应用爆炸性的增长。与此同时，人们对计算机科学认识的提高使得开发新的更强大、更复杂、更灵活的软件系统成为可能。4) Memory is the component of a computer (and an embedded system) that is used to store and retain information .There is always a need to store information in an embedded application, so there will always be some type of memory in the design . Many types of memory are available, thus there are many choices for embedded customers. 存储器是计算机和嵌入式系统中用来保存信息的部件。在嵌入式应用中需要存储信息，因此，设计中总含有某种类型的存储器。现在有许多种可以利用的存储器件，因此对于嵌入式用户存在多种选择。6) 现代电子系统的数字化程度越来越高，复杂程度也极高。要是没有超大规模芯片技术，这是无法想象的。现代电子系统太复杂了，以致其设计原理很像大型软件系统设计。计算机科学和电子系统设计所需的背景知识存在许多相同之处，而现代电子系统这个不断扩展的工程领域也离不开计算机辅助设计。Modern electronic systems are increasingly digital in nature ,exceedingly complex , and would be inconceivable without todays VLSI chip technology .Indeed ,such systems are so complex that the principles of their design bear great similarities to the design principles of large software systems .Thus , computer science and electronic system design require similar backgrounds in many respects ,and computer aids to design are essential in this ever-expanding domain of engineering.9)有几个理由不用硬盘而用闪存。闪存允许更快的存取。它没有噪声，更轻，尺寸更小，而且没有活动的部件。There are several reasons to use Flash memory instead of a hard disk : Flash memory allows faster access . It is noiseless , lighter , and smaller in size and has no moving parts . Unit 21.fill in the blanks with proper words, phrases or clauses.(1)What is a filter ? A filter is a device that passes electric signals at certain frequencies or frequency ranges while preventing the passage of others . 2.Translate the following passages into Chinese or English . 1)It is extremely hard to define dynamic range (DR) for an op amp , so lets start with a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) where DR is defined as the ratio of the maximum output voltage to the smallest output voltage the DAC can produce . 定义运放的动态范围（DR）是极其困难的，因此让我们从定义DAC的动态范围开始。它被定义为DAC的最大输出电压和最小输出电压之比。7) 在电子技术各领域中，欧姆定律都是基本定律。欧姆定律可表述为。欧姆定律可应用与单个元器件、一组器件或一个完整的电路。当一只流过电路中各部分的电流时，其电压降可由电阻和电流的乘积获得。 Ohms law is stated as , and it is fundamental to all electronics. Ohms law can be applied to a single component ,to any group of components , or to a complete circuit .When the current flowing through any portion of a circuit is known , the voltage dropped across that portion of the circuit is obtained by multiplying the current times the resistance.Unit 31.fill in the blanks with proper words, phrases or clauses.(1)Printed circuit board is a flat board that holds chips and other electronic components . The board is made of layers (层) (typically 2 to 10) that interconnects components via (经由) copper pathways . The main printed circuit board in a system is called a “system boad ” or “motherboard,” while smaller ones that plug into the slots in the main board are called “board” or “cards .”2.Translate the following passages into Chinese or English . 10)许多系统工作在高频上，导体在这些频率上不再仅仅表现为导线，而是展现出高频效应并表现为传输线。如果没有正确处理这些传输线，就可能在无意中破坏了系统的时序。 Many systems operate at high frequencies at which conductors no longer behave as simple wires ,but instead exhibit high-frequency effects and behave as transmission lines . If these transmission lines are not handled properly ,they can unintentionally ruin system timing .Unit 41.fill in the blanks with proper words, phrases or clauses. (2)The CDMA scheme is a direct sequence (DS) , spread-spectrum method . It uses linear modulation (线性调制) with widehand pseudonoise (PN) sequences to generate signals . These sequences , also know as (也叫做) codes , spread the spectrum of the modulating signal over a large handwidth , simultaneously reducing the spectral density of the signal (信号谱密度). Thus , various CDMA signals occupy the same bandwidth and appear as noise to each other . In the CDMA scheme , each user is assigned an individual code at the time of (在时候) call initiation . This code is used both for spreading the signal at the time of transmission and despreading the signal at the time of reception . Cellular systems using CDMA schemes (使用码分多址方式) use FDD , thus employing two frequency channels for forward and reverse links . 2.Translate the following passages into Chinese or English . 2) The area served by mobile phone systems is divided into small areas known as