广州牛津版9A_U7_Plants.doc

广雅初中部 牛津版九年级第七单元笔记一短语31. such as诸如；例如2. work as充当3. escape from从逃脱4. up to高达; 重达；多达5. during brief periods of rain在短暂的雨季 6. develop close relationships with与发展紧密的关系7. be defended by由保卫8. give rewards to给回报9. a kind of 一种10. so that 如此以致 11. be filled with填满，充满 12. be put in prison被关入监狱 13. in nature在自然界 14. in reality事实上，实际上 15. come true实现，变成现实16. in the middle of 在中间17. be ready to do sth 准备好做某事18. fall in love with sb 爱上某人19. try ones best to do 尽力做某事20. be in the air可以感觉到21. do some gardening做园艺工作22. be covered with被覆盖23. degree centigrade摄氏度24. care for照料；护理25. fit in with与合得来，适应26. why not do sth 为什么不做27. stay healthy 保持健康28. Its time to do sth 是做的时候了29. make an announcement通知30. up to now到现在为止(与完成时连用)31. detailed information详细信息32. take place发生33. take part in参加34. begin with以开始35. give out prizes to sb.给颁奖36. marry sb. =be / get married (to sb.) 与某人结婚37. on the path在小路上38. change ones mind改变的主意 39. cry with joy喜极而泣 40. date back+时间段= date back to + 时间段+ ago 追溯到，始于 41. developinto使发展成为 42. be surprised at对惊讶 43. a large variety of各种各样的 44. set foot on踩在 45. the number of 的数目(谓语：单数)46. a number of 一些（谓语：复数三定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句(Relative clause)。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后面。引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that 等和关系副词 when, where, why等。关系词的作用：1 引导定语从句。 2 代替先行词在从句中充当一定的句子成分关系代词在定语从句作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。Eg. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. I like people who are honest with me.先行词先行词在从句中的成分关系代词或关系副词人主语who / that人宾语 who / whom / that 物主语which / that物宾语 which / that 人 / 物定语whose 时间时间状语when / 介词+which地点地点状语where / 介词+which原因原因状语why/ for + whichwhom: 在从句中指代人，作宾语；与介词连用时，只能用whom The woman (whom/who/that) you talked about is here now.The woman about whom you talked is here now.whose: 在从句中指代人或物，作定语，表“的” The girl whose mother is a teacher studies very hard. 区分关系代词与关系副词 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别限定性非限定性与先行词之间的关系非常密切（删掉后影响全句的意义）与先行词之间的关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删掉后不影响整个句子的基本意思。）不用逗号分开通常用逗号分开可用关系代词that不可用关系代词that可以省略（that,who,which在从句中担任宾语时可以省略）不可以省略可以替代（whom担任宾语时可用who或that替代）不可以替代读时不停顿读时停顿，用降调只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分。修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定有逗号分开，只能由which或as引导。Eg. He helped me a lot, which I will always remember.He bought a house, which cost him a lot of money.两种句式意义上的区别限定性定语从句In their class there are fifteen students who can speak English well.在他们班上有十五位英语说得好的学生。（可以看出他们班上不只十五位学生，要多于十五位more than fifteen students）。非限定性定语从句In their class there are fifteen students, who can speak English well.在他们班上, 有十五位学生, 他们英语都说得很好。（从句子中可以看出他们班上有十五位学生，这十五位学生英语口语都好。There are fifteen students in their class.） 关系代词宜用that而不用which的情况：1. 当先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one时，或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时 All that we have to do is to practice every day.2. 先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very 等修饰时This is the very book that Im looking for.3. 先行词同时包括人和物时They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.4. 当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。 Who is the man that is selling books?5. 在there be句型中，先行词指物时。There is little work that is fit for you. 注意：在there be句型中，如果先行词是指人时，用who.There are many people who are in need. 关系代词宜用which而不用that的情况：1. 在非限制性定语从句中 eg. I have lost my pen, which I like very much.2. 关系词位于介词