【精编版】2015年高考英语(江苏卷)试题解析 教师版.doc

绝密启用前 2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英 语第二部分: 英语知识运用 (共两节, 满分 35 分)第一节: 单项填空 (共 15 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 15 分)请阅读下面各题, 从题中所给的 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例: It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever答案是 B。21.The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.A. it B. which C. what D. as【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故选D项。考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reported这一常用结构，类似的还有asis known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。【考点定位】定语从句 22.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _ to their greatest potential.A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：学校应该是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。A项“加速，加快”；B项“改善，提高”；C项“表现”；D项“发展”。故选D项。本题语境贴近学生生活，考生必须利用这一特定语境理解动词特定含义，如果脱离语境容易选择另外三个选项。从词性上看，四个选项中的动词均可用作及物或不及物。这时可以根据固定搭配“develop to ones greatest potential(最大限度地发展潜能)”锁定正确选项。【考点定位】动词词义辨析23.Jim, can you work this Sunday?_? Ive been working for two weeks on end.A. Why me B. Why not C. What if D. So what【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：Jim，周末你能加班吗？为什么是我？我连续工作两周了。A项“为什么是我？”；B项“为什么不呢?”；C项“要是会怎样?”；D项“那又怎么样?”。只有A项符合语境。故选A项。【考点定位】交际用语24.Much time _ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：上班族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。【考点定位】独立主格结构25._ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.A. That B. Why C. Where D. How【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。【考点定位】名词性从句26.It is so cold that you cant go outside _ fully covered in thick clothes.A. if B. unless C. once D. when【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：外面太冷了，你不要出去，除非用厚衣服完全裹起来。A项“如果”；B项“除非”；C项“一旦”；D项“当时候”。“unless fully covered”为“连词+省略结构”，补充完整为“unless you are”。故选B项。“连词+省略结构”省略了从句的主语（与主句主语一致）和主语后的动词be。考生应根据前后句意判断出前后逻辑关系，然后选择正确答案。同时，考生要注意归纳这类连词：when, while“表示时间”；if, unless“表示条件”；once“表示时间或条件”；though/although, even if(though)表示“让步”。【考点定位】连词辨析27.The university started some new language programs to _ the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：这所大学启动了一些新的语言项目，为国家丝绸之路经济带提供服务。A项“向申请，适用于”；B项“迎合，满足的需要，为提供服务”；C项“对有吸引力，呼吁”；D项“猎取，寻找”。故选B项。【考点定位】动词短语辨析28. It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule.A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词had，should或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将had,should或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。【考点定位】虚拟语气29.The whole team _ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺罗纳尔多，他从未让他们失望。A项“服侍，等待”；B项“集中（注意力）于”；C项“指望”；D项“呼吁，拜访”。故选C项。四个选项中的动词各不相同，但所搭配的介词都是to。因此，考生应注意掌握同一个介词与不同动词的搭配的用法。此题考生容易误选B项focus on“集中”，可以根据动词惯用搭配sb. focus on sth.“某人注意力（精力）集中在某事上”排除该选项。【考点定位】动词短语辨析30.The real reason why prices _ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选A项。【考点定位】时态31.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _ review of the case.A. comprehensive B. complicated C. conscious D. crucial【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A项“综合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B项“复杂的”；C项“有意识的”；D项“至关重要的”。故选A项。【考点定位】形容词词义辨析32.Some schools will have to make _ in agreement with the national soccer reform.A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make搭配。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on“对做出评价/评论”，缩小正确答案的范围。【考点定位】名词词义辨析33.Why didnt you invite John to your birthday party?Well, you know hes _ .A. an early bird B. a wet blanket C. a lucky dog D. a tough nut【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：为什么你没有邀请约翰出席你的生日聚会？你知道的，他是个令人扫兴的人。A项“早起的鸟儿（比喻勤劳的人）”；B项“扫兴的人或物”；C项“幸运儿”；D项“棘手的事情，难对付的人”。故选B项。【考点定位】英语俗语34.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.A. thanks to B. regardless of C. aside from D. but for【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：要不是爱迪生的发明，今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在。A项“多亏”，具有很强的迷惑性，如将题干改成“_Thomas Edison, nowwecanbenefitfrom manyofthethings aroundus.”则选A项；B项“不管，不顾”；C项“除了”；D项“要不是”，常用于隐藏式（含蓄式）虚拟条件句。故选D项。【考点定位】介词短语辨析35.Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.Id like to, but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _ .A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。【考点定位】名词词义辨析第二节: 完形填空 (共 20 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 20 分) 请阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I was required to read one of Bernie Siegels books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on. The stories of his unconventional 36 and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 37 to me and had such a big 38 on how I saw life from then on. Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to 39 my own cancer experience?Im an ambitious 40, and when I started going through chemo (化疗) , even though Im a very 41 person, I lost my drive to write. I was just too tired and not in the 42 . One day, while waiting to go in for 43 , I had one of Dr. Bernies books in my hand. Another patient 44 what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me 45 he had one of his books with him as well. It 46 that among other things, he was an eighty-year-old writer. He was47 a published author, and he was currently 48 on a new book.We would see each other at various times and 49 friends. Sometimes he wore a duck hat, and I would tell myself, he was definitely a(n) 50 of Dr. Bernie. He really put a 51 on my face. He unfortunately 52 last year due to his cancer, 53 he left a deep impression on me and gave me the 54 to pick up my pen again. I 55 to myself, “If he can do it, then so can I.”36.A. tastesB. ideasC. notesD. memories37.A. amazingB. shockingC. amusingD. strange38.A. strikeB. pushC. challengeD. impact39.A. learn fromB. go overC. get throughD. refer to40.A. readerB. writerC. editorD. doctor41.A. positiveB. agreeableC. humorousD. honest42.A. moodB. positionC. stateD. way43.A. adviceB. referenceC. protectionD. treatment44.A. viewedB. knewC. noticedD. wondered45.A. whileB. becauseC. althoughD. providing46.A. came outB. worked outC. proved outD. turned out47.A. naturallyB. merelyC. hopefullyD. actually48.A. decidingB. investingC. workingD. relying49.A. becameB. helpedC. missedD. visited50.A. patientB. operatorC. fanD. publisher51.A. signB. smileC. markD. mask52.A. showed up B. set offC. fell downD. passed away53.A. sinceB. butC. soD. for54.A. guidanceB. trustC. opportunityD. inspiration55.A. promisedB. sworeC. thoughtD. replied【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响。之后作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作，但在治疗期间结识一位同样受到Bernie影响，年迈却仍坚持写作的病友。在病友死后，作者又重新拾起纸笔。36.B考查名词。根据首段首句可知，作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响。此处unconventional ideas意为“非传统的观点”与上句中“积极的人生观”呼应。A项“口味”；B项“观点”；C项“笔记”；D项“记忆”。故选B项。37.A考查形容词。根据上文中“unconventional（非传统的）”和“unexceptional（例外的）”提示可知，他书中所写的东西对我来说十分惊异。A项“令人惊异的”；B项“令人震惊的”；C项“有趣的”；D项“奇怪的”。故选A项。38.D考查名词。have an impact on为固定搭配，意为“对有影响”。A项“打击”；B项“推，逼迫”；C项“挑战”；D项“影响”。故选D项。39.C考查动词短语。根据下文可知，作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作。但病友的执着和Bernie Siegel积极的人生观让自己又重新拾起纸笔，渡过了这段艰难时期。A项“从中获取经验，汲取教训”；B项“复习，仔细检查”；C项“渡过难关”；D项“提到，涉及，参考”。故选C项。40.B考查名词。根据下文中“, I lost my drive to write”可知，作者是一名抱负的作家。A项“读者”；B项“作家”；C项“编辑”；D项“医生”。故选B项。41.A考查形容词。句意：尽管我是一个积极的人，还是失去了写作的动力。a positive person与lost my drive to write构成让步关系，且与上文positivity呼应。 A项“积极的”；B项“称心如意的”；C项“幽默的”；D项“诚实的”。故选A项。42.A考查名词。句意：我就是感觉太累，没有心情去写。in the mood意为“没有心情去做事”。A项“心情”；B项“位置，职位”；C项“状态”；D项“方式”。故选A项。43.D考查名词。句意：一天，当我在等待治疗时，手里拿着Bernie的一本书。A项“建议”；B项“提及，参考”；C项“保护”；D项“治疗”。故选D项。44.C考查动词。句意：另外一个病人注意到我在读些什么，主动跟我攀谈起来。A项 “认为”；B项“知道，了解”；C项 “（无意中）注意到”；D项 “想知道”。故选C项。45.B考查连词。句意：该空后是他主动和我攀谈的原因：他身上也有一本Bernie的书。A项表示时间或轻微转折；B项表示原因；C项表示让步；D项表示条件。故选B项。46.D考查动词短语。除此之外，他是一位八十岁的作家。A项 “出现，出版”；B项“锻炼，解决，制定”；C项“证明是合适的，令人满意的”；D项“证明是，结果是”。it turned out that是固定搭配，意为“结果是，结果证明”故选D项。47.D考查副词。句意：事实上，他是一位撰稿人，目前在写一本新书。A项 “自然地”；B项“仅仅”；C项“有希望地”；D项“事实上”。故选D项。48.C考查动词搭配。根据句意可知，他目前在写一本新书。A项 decide on“决定，确定”；B项invest on“投资，花时间在上”；C项work on“从事，忙于”；D项rely on“依赖，依靠”。故选C项。49.A考查动词。句意：我们总是在许多时候见到对方，成了朋友。A项 “成为”；B项“帮助”；C项“错过”；D项“拜访”。故选A项。50.C考查名词。根据句意可知，他的确是Bernie的粉丝。A项 “病人”；B项“操作员，接线员”；C项“粉丝”；D项“出版商”。故选C项。51.B考查名词。根据句意可知，他的举动感染了我，使我在生活中面带微笑。A项 “标志，迹象，征兆”；B项“微笑”；C项“标记”；D项“面罩”。故选B项。52.D考查动词短语。句意：他补充说道Jason因为不愿说谎没挣到钱。A项 “出现，露面”；B项“出发，动身”；C项“跌倒”；D项“去世（死的委婉表达）”。故选D项。53.B考查连词。句意：他去年不幸死于癌症，但给我留下了深刻的印象。A项表示时间；B项表示转折；C项表示结果；D项表示原因。故选B项。54.D考查名词。句意：他激励我重新拾起纸笔。A项 “指导”；B项“信任”；C项“机会”；D项“鼓舞，激励，启发”。故选D项。55.C考查名词。句意：我对自己说：“如果他能做到，我也能。”A项 “承诺”；B项“郑重发誓”；C项think to oneself “自言自语”；D项“回答”。故选C项。【考点定位】记叙文阅读第三部分: 阅读理解 (共 15 小题; 每小题 2 分, 满分 30 分)请阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A56.According to the Code, visitors should act _ .A. with care and respect B. with relief and pleasureC. with caution and calmness D. with attention and observation57.What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?A. Take your own camping facilities.B. Bury glass far away from rivers.C. Follow the track for the sake of plants.D. Observe signs to approach nesting birds.【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇应用文（旅游指南）。介绍了去新西兰旅游中要保护动物，处理好垃圾，注意路标等注意事项。56. A推理判断题。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了去新西兰旅游中的注意事项，根据关键词“be considerate，be careful，take care”等可推知游客的行为应体现出关爱和尊重。故选A项。57.C细节理解题。根据小标题“Keep to the track”下内容可知，可知在新西兰旅游时，为了减少破坏植物的可能，鼓励游客顺着路走。露营设施是提供好的，排除A项；B偷换主体，埋藏的是toilet waste，而非glass；D项偷换概念，observe no smoking signs，而非observe signs to approach nesting birds。故选C项。【考点定位】应用文阅读BIn the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products as well as management of the resulting waste all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television?From the governments point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.58.By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _ .A. the weight of e-goods is rather smallB. E-waste deserves to be made good use ofC. natural minerals contain more precious metalsD. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste59.The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended _ .A. from producers to governments B. from governments to producersC. from individuals to distributors D. from distributors to governments60. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The increase in e-waste. B. The creation of e-waste.C. The seriousness of e-waste. D. The management of e-waste.【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施。58. B推理判断题。文章第一段告诉我们，每年有大量废弃电子产品被随意丢弃。紧接着第二段首句指出：电子设备中含有有用的金属，如金和银，并用Swiss study佐证这一观点，因此可以推知电子垃圾值得充分利用。故选B项。59.B细节理解题。文章第六、七、八三段围绕“生产者责任延伸”展开的，最后一段做了总结， 根据“a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers ”可知B项正确，是对该句的同义压缩。故选B项。60.D主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章先描述了废弃电子产品被随意丢弃这一现象，接着指出电子垃圾的可以用价值和潜在风险，主要是由于对废弃电子产品的管理不善造成的，最后呼吁政府和生产商对此承担一定的责任。故选D项。【考点定位】科普说明文阅读CSuppose you become a leader in an organization. Its very likely that youll want to have volunteers to help with the organizations activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Lets begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift peoples wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because its important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because Im required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity. Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.61.People volunteer mainly out of _ .A. academic requirements B. social expectationsC. financial rewards D. internal needs62.What can we learn from the Florida study?A. Follow-up studies should last for one yea