现在完成时讲解.doc

第十七讲现在完成时一。现在完成时1）构成：have/ has+ 过去分词主语是第三人称单数时用has, 其他人称用have。例：（1）We have already cleaned our classroom. 我们已经打扫了教室。 （2）Tom has heard from his father twice this month. 汤姆这个月已经收到了他爸爸的两次来信。肯定句：主语+ have/ has +过去分词+其它 My home town has changed a lot over the years. 近几年家乡变化很大。否定句：主语+ have/ has+ not +过去分词+其它I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+过去分词+其它Have you ever eaten fish and chips? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语+ have/has not/.2）用法：（1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。She has arrived. 她到了。I have already posted those photos. 我已邮寄了那些照片。（那些照片已不再我这里了）。（2）表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，表示持续动作或状态的词多是延续性动词。如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如： We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来到这所学校以来她就教我们。They have lived here since 1996. 自从1996年以来他们一直住在这里。注意：a) since和for的区别since后接时间点或表示过去时的句子，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since3)标志词：already, yet, ever, recently, just, before（用于句末）,so far; for +段时间；since+ 点时间。例：Ive never been to that farm before. 以前我从未去过那个农场。 Have you finished your picture yet? 你已经完成你的画了吗？ They have lived here since 1996. 自从1996年以来他们一直住在这里。二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。举例： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了。） Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。） She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now. -Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -Hes already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.巩固练习1. ( ) my dictionary? Yes.I saw it on your desk amoment ago. A. Have you seen B.Do you seen C.Had you seen D.Would you seen2. ( )Have you even been anywhere for a trip? A trip? I away from my hometown even once. A.went B.haven gone C.have never been D.have been3. ( )The rain was heavy, so I get home until 9:00 pm. A. had to B.didnt have to C. have D. must4. ( ) have you been here? 3 year. A.How ofen B.How long C.How far D. How5. ( ) Because of the busy traffic, the plane when he arrives. A.has landed B. has taken off C. landed D. took off6. ( ) Once upon a time,there was a village. the people there were kind. A.lonely B. alone C. lone D. only7. ( ) Mary has been a league member three years. A. for B. since C.in D.on8. ( ) I who he was they told me. A./, until B. not, until C. dontt know, until D. didnt know,until9. ( ) David shanghai for more than three months. A.came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to10 ( ) May I go to play tennis with you, Dad? you your composition yet? A.Are, finishing B.Did, finish C.Will, finish D. Have, finished11. ( )Her mother for tow year. A.has died B. died C. has been died D. has been dead12. ( )They each other for at least two months.A.havent seen B. have seen C. havent been seen D. didt see13. ( ) I to see my childhood friends in the summer vacation. A.went back B. shall go back C. have gone back D. have been back14. ( ) He a great deal since he jioned the army. A.learn B. learned C. has learned D. is learning15. ( ) Mr Huang to Kunming. Hell come back in two weeks. A.goes B. went C. has gone D. go16. ( ) How long may I the book? For tow weeks. A.brrow B. lend C. keep D. buy17. ( ) How do you like our city? I think its becoming . A.more beautiful and more beautiful B. more and more cleaner C. more and more beautiful D. clean and clean18. ( ) Youll answer for what you . A.will do B.have done C. had done D. do19. ( ) He Tokyo for two weeks.A.has left B. has been away from C. has been away 20. ( ) She Robert one year ago. A.married B. married with C. has got married to D. has been married to 21. ( ) Its the third time you late for shool this week. A.were B.are C. had been D. have been22. ( ) A quarrel(争吵） between the two neighbours. A.broke out B. was broken out C. is breaking out D. is broken out23. ( ) I the bad cold for a week and still cant get rid of it. A.caught B. have caught C.had caught D. have had24. ( ) have you been here? For a month. A.How ofen B. How far C. How long D. How soon25. ( ) Is that Jack cpeaking? Sorry, he isnt in right now. He the cinema with his aunt. A.has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to26. ( ) It ten years since we last in Beijing. A.was, met B. had been, met C. was, meet D. is, meet27. ( ) Tom, can you tell me where Jack is? He to the library. A.has gone B. had gone C. has been 28. ( ) Marine visited his anut two day before he town. A.left B. has left C. will leave D. leaves29. ( ) I going to London next month. A.will think of B. am think of C. shall think of D. have thougt of30. ( ) The driver of the red car when a black one came up very quickly.A.was just starting B. has just started C. would just star out D. is just starting out31. ( ) Do you know when he ? A.arrives B. will arrive C. arrived D. would arrive32. ( ) that