（湖北专用）高考英语二轮复习 专题限时检测（二十一）阅读理解之自然类.doc

专题限时检测(二十一)阅读理解之自然类 (共3篇，限时23分钟)a(2014武昌区高考适应性测试)brown cows may not actually make chocolate milk, but pink silkworms (蚕) do produce pink silk, a team of scientists has discovered. to see if they could produce predyed silksilk that comes colored, straight from the source the team fed ordinary silkworms mulberry (桑树) leaves that had been sprayed (喷洒) with fabric (织物) dyes (染色剂). out of seven tested dyes, only one worked, producing a thread that reminded me of pinkdyed hair.and yes, the worms themselves take on some color before they produce silk. their colorful diets did not affect their growth, the team, which included engineers and biologists from the csir national chemical laboratory in india, reports in the journal acs sustainable chemistry & engineering. (the researchers didnt look too deeply into how the dyes affected the silkworms health. after all, silkworms die when people harvest their silk.) the team made dyeing silk this way because coloring fabric normally uses large amounts of fresh water. the water gets polluted with dangerous chemicals in the process, requiring costly treatment before factories can send it back into waterways. dyeing silk directly by feeding silkworms would avoid those waterwashing steps. scientists are just starting to study this idea. however, it remains to be seen if its commercially successful. in this experiment, the indian team tested seven dyes, which are cheap and popular in the industry.the scientists found different dyes moved through silkworms bodies differently. some never made it into the worms silk at all. others colored the worms and their silk, but the color disappears before the silk is turned into fabric. only one dye, named “direct acid fast red”， showed up in the final, washed silk threads. by the time it made it there, it was a pleasant, light pink.1the text is most probably a(n)_ascience reportbtourist guidecanimal experiment dfashion advertisement2silkworms can produce pink silk because_.athey are born pink bthey are dyed pinkcthey grow in pink water dthey are fed dyed food3where was the experiment carried out?ain america. bin india.cin israel. din china.4how many dyes have been proved successful in the experiment?aone. bthree.cfive. dseven.b(2014武汉七校第一次联合考试) its the beginning of 2014, but as usa today says，“its never too early to plan your 2014 travels”. with so many hot destinations around the globe, “where should i go？” can be difficult to answer. according to lonely planet, though, brazil is a fine choice on oct 29th, the travel guide named that country the top one to visit in 2014.“as if endless coast and mountains splashed (飞溅) with rainforest didnt already add up to an unfair share of heaven, brazil will hold two of the greatest sporting events in the world, beginning with the 2014 fifa world cup and followed by the 2016 summer olympics，”explained lonely planet.brazil is the largest and most populous (人口稠密的) country in south america. it boasts (自豪拥有) the amazon, the worlds largest jungle, which is home to a variety of plants and animals. but the great scenery is not the only thing brazilians take pride in.the colors green and yellow might make most people think of brazils soccer team even more than its national flag. soccer is more than a sport in brazil; its a way of life. in fact, the world cup brings brazilians together. it is interesting to note that the general elections in brazil are usually held during the same year as the world cup. political parties try to take advantage of the patriotic enthusiasm(爱国热情) created by soccer to inspire political energy.alongside soccer, samba is another symbol of brazil. the countrys most traditional dance is highlighted every february at the rio carnival, which is one of the worlds biggest. “brazil has left its secondclass nation status，” said former brazilian president luiz inacio lula da silva in 2009 after rio de janeiro was awarded the 2016 olympics.brazils growing economy, fueled by oil and aircraft factories, has made it more than just a nation of samba, soccer and beaches. these days, it might just be the best tourist destination in the world.5which is true about brazil? asoccer and samba are two symbols of the country. bit will hold the fifa world cup and the summer olympics in 2016. cit is the largest country with the longest history in south america. dits amazon is the worlds largest jungle, brazilians take pride in only.6. we can tell from the words of luiz inacio lula da silva that_.ahis country will be the first class nation status after the 2016 olympicsbhis country has been left behind by other secondclass nationsche is confident that his country has developed very fastdthe 2016 olympics, not samba or soccer, has made his country the first class7. which of the following aspects are mentioned about brazil in the article?amilitary and economy.bgeography and population.clanguage and culture.dpolitics and history.8the authors purpose in writing the article is to_.agive an introduction of brazil as a tourist destinationbprove that lonely planets recommendation is rightcgive an objective review of brazil as a nationdexplain why brazil will be holding the two sporting eventsc(2014徐州第三次质检)the evolution of the first animals may have oxygenated (供氧) earths oceans. new research led by the university of exeter challenges the long held belief that oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans was a precondition for the evolution of complex life forms.the study, published in the journal nature geoscience, builds on the recent work of scientists in denmark who found that sponges (海绵动物) the first animals to evolve require only small amounts of oxygen.professor tim lenton of the university of exeter，who led the new study, said: “we argue that the evolution of the first animals could have played a key role in the widespread oxygenation of the deep oceans. this in turn may have facilitated the evolution of more complex, mobile animals.”critical to determining oxygen levels in the deep ocean is the balance of oxygen supply and demand. demand for oxygen is created by the sinking of dead organic material into the deep ocean. the new study argues that the first animals reduced this supply of organic matter both directly and indirectly.sponges feed by pumping water through their bodies，“digesting”the tiny particles of organic matter，and thus helping oxygenate the shelf seas that they live in.by oxygenating more of the bottom waters, the first animals actually increased the removal of the essential nutrient phosphorus (磷) in the ocean.this in turn reduced the productivity of the whole ocean ecosystem, lowering oxygen demand and thus oxygenating the deep ocean.a more oxygenrich ocean created ideal conditions for more complex mobile animals to evolve, because they have a higher requirement for oxygen.these included the first predatory (肉食的) animals with guts (内脏) that started to eat one another，marking the beginning of the type of food webs we are familiar with today.professor simon poulton of the university of leeds，who is a coauthor of the study, added：“this study provides a possible mechanism for ocean oxygenation without the requirement for a rise in atmospheric oxygen.it therefore questions whether the longstanding belief that there was a major rise in atmospheric oxygen at this time is correct.we simply dont know the answer to this at present，which is ultimately key to understanding how our planet evolved to its current habitable state.geochemists need to come up with new ways to explain oxygen levels on the early earth.”9the underlined word “facilitated” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.aprevented bpromotedcinterrupted dwitnessed10from paragraphs 4 to 6, we can infer that_.aphosphorus can keep the productivity of the ocean ecosystembcomplex animals consume the same amount of oxygen as spongescthe sinking of dead organic material into the deep ocean produces oxygendthe existence of the first animals marks the beginning of modern food webs11from the last paragraph, we can learn professor simon poulton believes that_.atheir study gives a new explanation for the high oxygen content in the airboxygen increased greatly in the air as the first animals oxygenated the oceansctheir study answers the question of how the earth evolved to the present statedocean oxygenation does not necessarily require a rise in atmospheric oxygen12the main purpose of the passage is to _.apresent the view that the first animals played an active role in oxygenating oceansbintroduce two opposite opinions on how the first animals oxygenated oceanscanalyze how atmospheric oxygen stepped up the evolution of oceanic animalsdexplain how oceanic oxygen determines the amount of atmospheric oxygen答 案语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。你听说过蚕能吐出粉色的丝吗？印度的科学家做了大量的实验，他们通过给蚕喂一些喷过染色剂的桑树叶子，最终成功地使蚕吐出了粉色的丝。1选a推理判断题。根据对全文的理解可知，科学家们通过给蚕喂一些喷过染色剂的食物使其吐出粉色的丝。文中介绍了实验过程和实验结论，所以应该是一篇科技报告。故选a。2选d细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句中的“.the team fed . reminded me of pinkdyed hair.”可知，科学家用被喷洒织物染色剂的桑树叶子喂养普通的蚕。在七个被测试的染料中，只有一种染料起作用，这种蚕丝，让“我”想起染上粉色的头发。由此推知，蚕之所以会吐出粉色的丝是因为他们被喂了含有染色剂的食物。故选d。3选b细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中“. the team，which included engineers and biologists from the csir national chemical laboratory in india .”可知，实验是在印度进行的。故选b。4选a细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“only one dye，named direct acid fast red，showed up in the final，washed silk threads.”可知，只有一种染料成功了。故选a。5选a正误判断题。根据文章第五段的第一句“alongside soccer，samba is another symbol of brazil.”可知，足球和桑巴舞是巴西的象征。根据文章内容，b、c、d三项均可排除。故选a项。6选c推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句“brazil has left its secondclass nation status， .”即巴西已经摆脱了二等国家的身份，并结合最后一段可推知，巴西发展迅速，并获得2016年夏季奥运会的举办权，由此可推断出，当时的巴西总统对巴西经济快速发展充满信心。故选c项。7选b细节理解题。通过对文章第三段的整体理解可知，本段提到了巴西的人口和地理环境，即亚马孙流域是世界上最大的热带雨林。故选b项。8选a写作意图题。根据文章第一段和文章的整体描述可知，本文主要是对旅游目的地巴西做了一个简明的介绍。故选a项。语篇解读：本文是一篇科研报告。研究表明早期低等动物的进化在海洋的供氧系统中起着关键性的作用。9选b词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“we argue that the evolution