阅读表达做题技巧.doc

阅读表达答题技巧阅读表达题试图从多个角度和方位考查考生对文章内容的理解以及考生本人对相关问题的看法，问题类型多样。总的来讲，有七种类型，即6+X：主旨概括：概括短文、短文中某一段落的大意或标题，或指出作者的写作意图句子填空：结合上下文, 将短文中的空白处用合适的词语补充完整, 使短文通顺翻译句子：将短文中指定的句子翻译成通顺的汉语英文释义：根据所给的英文释义寻找短文中意思相同的句子封闭型问题（Close-ended Questions）：结合文中的具体依据进行回答开放型问题（Open-ended Questions）：结合个人的观点态度进行表述其它类型：结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的其它类型的问题问题类型常见问题主旨概括Whats the best title of the passage? What is the purpose of the writer writing this passage? Whats the main idea of the article? What does the passage mainly talk about？完成句子Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases.英文释义Please find out the sentence which can be replaced by the following one.句子翻译Translate the underlined sentence in the paragraph into Chinese.封闭性问题Regular Wh-Questions based on the passage.开放性问题What would you do if you were? What other suggestions would you give? How would you settle the problem if you were?其他类型高考试题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，其中最后一类属于不确定的未知题型，是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的以上六种以外的问题形式。问题的顺序也会结合问题所问的信息点在文章中出现的顺序进行排列。 字数要求：一般情况下，考生回答问题所书写的英文会限制在50个以下（英文释义和句子翻译除外），以控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间；每一个需要考生用英语回答的问题在后面都有具体的字数要求。【主旨概括】答题技巧1.要迅速地剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所使用的论据，找到各段的主题句，然后进行归纳、总结和概括，即分清主旨和细节；2.概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可离题太远、太笼统或者只概括一段或几句话的意思，即以偏概全； 3.注意文章标题格式，可以是完整的句子，可以是简洁的短语，也可以用问题形式，同时要注意字数要求。【句子释义】答题技巧1.该类题目比较简单，而且缺乏较好的区分度，在某种程度上有给考生送分的因素，因此，考生应尽可能在该题上不丢分；2.该类题目相当于传统阅读理解试题中的转换理解，即用不同的语言表达方式表述相同的内容、意义，所以要求考生能够识别表达相同意义的不同文字。【句子填空】答题技巧1.回答该类问题时一定要注意弄清上下文之间的逻辑关系，例如递进、并列、对比、转折、因果等等；2.一般来讲，该类问题的字数要求会比较少，所以语言一定要简练；3.答完后要检查一下，看上下文是否通顺，能否恢复文章作者原本想表达的思想、内容或意图。【句子翻译】答题技巧1.要把握好原文的句子结构和表达方式，在准确、充分、全面理解原文意思的基础上进行翻译，译文要忠实于原文； 2.要结合原文文体和句子所在的情境进行翻译，语气、措辞等要符合文体特点和句子所在情境； 3.译文一定要符合汉语的表达习惯，不一定要完全按照英文字面的意思和顺序进行翻译；4.文字要清楚、规范、简练，不要重复或含糊不清；书写要工整、卷面要整洁。 【阅读表达】答题注意事项：1. 在答题之前要认真审题, 弄清问题要求, 回答应具有针对性, 要紧扣题目, 既要完整, 又要简洁；同时还要注意语言运用的准确性、得体性；2. 对于主旨概括类型的题目，要准确理解文章大意、细节，把握作者的观点、态度、语气等，归纳出文章内容要点、篇章或层次结构, 为回答问题做好准备；3.该试题的回答要求字数比较少，所以语言要精辟、简洁，答案要符合标题的要求，能概括出文章大意或作者写作的意图；4.封闭性问题（close-ended）可以在文中直接找到答案或依据；但是对于开放性的题目(open-ended questions)，考生要结合自己的观点进行回答；5.在做翻译试题的时候，一定要结合文中句子所在情境进行理解和翻译, 并且把握好句子结构；既要符合英语句子原意, 又要注意汉语句子的通顺和达意；6.要注意问题后的字数要求， 切忌超出各个题目所要求的字数范围；7.要保持书写清楚、工整， 卷面整洁、干净。Practice makes perfect!To the Editor: I have been reading your newspaper, the Hometown Gazette, for the past two years, ever since I moved to Smithville. We moved here from New York City, so I am accustomed to reading excellent newspapers such as The New York Times. In fact, we still have the Times delivered on Sundays. The entire family enjoys reading the recipes in the paper, as well as the Styles section. The Times is great, but the Gazette is another story. Ive never read an article that doesnt contain at least three or four spelling or grammatical errors. For instance, in last weeks issue, you misspelled the word “secretary,” used a singular verb with a plural noun, and used “its” as a possessive. And that was just in the lead story! Its a pity that this tiny little hick (土气的) town has only one newspaper, because Id like to have an alternative to the rag you publish. I find it hard to believe your news stories. If you cant spell correctly, how can you get your facts right? Ive been meaning to get this off my chest for some time. Please cancel my subscription（预订、订阅）. And buy yourself a dictionary. Sincerely,Jane Z. Jones【主旨概括练习】Question：What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words)【封闭性问题】Question Whats the major problem with the Gazette? (Please answer within 10 words.)【句子释义练习】Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential（必要的）to ones life. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip. But for many people, the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure. So in spite of all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the number of people who didnt have breakfast increased by 33from 8.8 million to 11.7 millionaccording to the Chicago-Based Market Research Corporation of America. For those who dislike eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years have shown that, for grown-ups especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect work,” said Mold E. Bender, “Nor does giving people breakfast improve work.” Question：Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?It has been revealed in the recent research that going without breakfast may do no harm, particularly for adults.【句子填空练习】“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer（战胜） himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful.” says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses（冲动）and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom.Self-control is mans last greatest victory._ means one lacks everything. Without it he can have no patient, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. 【句子翻译练习】Chinas space achievements head our countrys top-ten achievements in science and technology in 2003, according to results released on Tuesday based on votes of the 582 members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE).All the CAS and CAE members were asked to look through process in their own fields of research, as well as in others over the past year and vote according to how important the achievements were.【封闭性问题】The Grammy Award is the granddad of all music awards, dating back over four decades; it is to music what Oscar is to the movies. The name “Grammy” is short for “gramophone (留声机)”, since the awards are shaped like those old-fashioned phonographs.Over the years L. A. and New York have played tug-of-war (拔河) with the Grammy Awards show. The result? The Grammy ceremony has been held 32 times in Los Angeles, 10 times in New York City; and once in Nashville. .The 47th Annual Grammy Awards show was held on Sunday, Feb. 13, 2005, at the Staples Center. The big winners for 2005 were the late Ray Charles, U2, Alicia Keys, Norah Jones, Los Lonely Boys, Kanye West, Usher, John Mayer, Tim McGraw and Maroon 5.QuestionWhen do you think the 44th Grammy Awards show was held? (Please answer within 10 words.) Keys to the exercisesSafety Measures / How to Escape from a FireHow to Deal with Stress? How to Reduce Stress? Ways to Deal with Stress. Suggestions on How to Cope with Stress. Art museums are places where people can learn about various cultures. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related danger are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.On the other handhappiness is always around you事实上,私家车已经成为美国生活方式中的一个必需的