傅伟文新概念第二册课堂笔记77.doc

Lesson 77 A successful operation 新概念英语第二册第77课: Successful operation【课文】First listen and then answer the question.Did the doctors find out how the woman died?The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation.mummy n. 木乃伊Egyptian adj. 埃及的temple n. 庙mark n. 斑点disease n. 疾病plate n. （照相）底片last vi. 持续（常跟一个表示时间的名词或短语，没有被动语态）last直接加时间或加for+时间 prove vi. 显示，表明，显示出 vt. 证明，证实（后面可跟从句、形容词、名词、不定式等） resin n. 树脂skin n. 皮肤section n. 切片figure n. （人的）体形；人像normally adv. 通常地survive v. 幸免于 【课文讲解】1、The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. B.C. = Before Christ 公元前，放在年代的后面。 A.D. 公元，放在年代的前面,常常可以省略。 B.C.为Before Christ（ 公元前）的缩写A.D.表示anno Domini (=in the year of the Lord 或 since Christ was born),即“公元”A.D.用来与B.C.形成对比，它们都出现在正式的史书中，平时一般不用。A.D. 应该写在年数之前, B.C. 应该写在年数之后from 300 B.C. to A.D. 400由公元前三百年到公元四百年Operation n. 手术have an operation (on sb) 动手术He had an operation to reduce the swelling in his brain.She underwent a minor operation on her elbow in the summer.the surgeon who performed the operationHe had an operation on his nose. 他鼻子动了手术give an operation on sb for sth给某人做手术The doctor gave an operation on him for cancer医生给他做了癌症手术be in operationIs this rule in operation yet? 这条规定生效了吗？come into operation 实施;生效When will the plan come into operation? 这项计划什么时候实施？n. 运营Many small businesses fail in the first year of operation.The Education Business Partnership has been in operation since 1989.n. 运行The aircrafts engine operation was normal.in operationProtective clothing must be worn when the machine is in operation.The device has a single button, allowing for easy operation.2、The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. 底比斯神庙that指代上文当中出现的名词the mummy。在指代特指事物时，尤其是在比较状语从句中，常用that和those指代提到的事物： The cost of living here is lower than that in London.that of和those of一般用于较正式的文体中：Its colder than Guangzhou. （北京、广州是地点，只有大小之分，本身没有冷和热）The weather of Beijing is colder than Guangzhou. The weather of Beijing is colder than the weather of Guangzhou. = The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. that of 和those of 一般用于较正式的文体中The area of the USA is larger than that of Britain. 美国的面积比英国的大。Toms pen is better than that of the other boys. 汤姆的笔比其他男孩的要好。4、As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. find out + 从句 mark 1）n. 斑点The horse has a white mark on its head这匹马头上有一个白色斑点2）n. 分数I got full marks in the spelling test. 我在拼写考试中得了满分3）n. 标记He made marks with a pencil. 他用铅笔做标记3）v. 标记Prices are marked on the goods. 商品上都标有价格Plate n.盘子Mary scraped the residue of food from the plates before putting them under water.玛丽在把盘子放入水之前先刮去上面的食物残渣。Hes eaten a whole plate of french fries.n. 金属制标牌The brass plate on the door said Dr Rackman.number/license/registration plate(=on a car)Did anyone see the cars license plate?n. 钢板，金属板We have succeeded in bending the thick steel plates.我们终于把这些厚钢板弄弯了。take plates of sth. 给拍片子 take plate 拍片子， take photo 拍照片 die 是瞬间动词，不能和段时间连用。要和段时间连用，就必须变成系表结构be dead。die不能用be doing形式。若用了be doing，表示即将发生的动作。 die of,死于.，因.而死（后面跟名词）The Man died of a bad cold. 那个人死于重感冒。die of hunger / die of grief 死于悲哀 die from + 外因 死于He died from the wound. 他受枪伤而死。 Be dying to do sth 渴望做某事 She is dying to be an actress. 她渴望成为演员在日常生活表达当中，die of和die from可以互换。 die in the accident 死于车祸 disease n. 疾病The doctor examined him but could find no sign of heart disease.医生给他做了检查,没有发现有心脏病的症状。He has done much research on the cause of this disease.他对这一疾病的起因做了很多研究。The disease typically manifests itself in a high fever and chest pains.这种疾病的典型症状是发高烧和胸痛。Prove vi. 显示，表明 prove +to be +adj.He proved to be the author of the book. 结果证实他是那本书的作者This has afterwards proved to be the correct explanation.后来证明这是正确的解释。She may prove to be the most suitable person for the job.可能证明她最适合做这工作。 vt. 证明，证实I will prove it to you. 我将会证明给你看You should first prove that you bought these goods here. 首先你应该证明你是在这买的东西。This fact proves the necessity of conservation.这一事实证明自然保护的必要性。His guilt was clearly proved.他的罪行被清楚地证实了。5、The only way to do this was to operate. way + of 做的方式（做定语）way + to do 做的方式（做定语） last 1）vi. 持续，延续常跟一个表示时间的名词或短语，没有被动语态The meeting lasts three hours. 会议进行了3个小时The war between the two countries lasted until 1453. 两国的战争一直持续到1453年。2） 最不可能的,最不的 (most unlikely)He is the last man in the world I want to see. 他是我最不想见的人The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. Remove1）除掉Can the ink be removed from the clothes? 衣服上的这些墨水污点洗得掉吗?2）移开For a moment he did not remove his eyes from her face. 有一会儿他的视线没有从她的面孔上移开Section1）切片The doctor examined the section cut from the dead body under the microscope. 医生在显微镜下仔细检查从尸体上切下来的切片。 2）部分The back section of the plane caught fire. 飞机的尾部着火了。 The test consists of four sections. 考试由四部分组成。figure 1）n.（女人的）体形The lady has a great figure. 那女人身材很棒。Youd better exercise more to keep your figure. 你最好多运动一下来保持体形。2）人像；人影She screamed when she saw a dark figure in her bedroom.当她看到卧室的房间里有个黑影时尖叫了起来 3 ) 图表Our textbook has manyfiguresto help explain the lessons. 我们的教科书有许多图表帮助解释课文。4） 数字Thefigureis expressed as a percentage.那数字是以百分比表示的。v. 认为；演算；领会到My feelings about the matter didnt seem tofigureat all. 我对这个问题的意见似乎根本无足轻重。Theyfiguredit was better to stay where they were. 他们断定还是呆在原地好。The boy cantfigureout the algebra problems. 这个男孩做不出这道代数题。How do youfigurethat? 你如何料到的?normal用作形容词 (adj.) adj.正常的；正规的；精神健全的Everything is absolutelynormal. 一切完全正常。She refused to conform to thenormalsocial conventions. 她拒绝遵从正常的社会习俗。用作名词 (n.)It was several days before the floodwater sank and life returned tonormal.过了几天洪水才退,生活恢复了正常。Her temperature is abovenormal. 她的体温高于正常标准。normally adv. 通常地,正常地Normally his bad mood will last one or two days. 通常他的坏心情会持续一到俩天。 Normally There are less cars in the morning. 通常在早上路上的车会少些。 6、The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. what 对名词提问，how对副词或介词短语提问。 decide v. 做出最终的判断，对下判决，解决（悬案）how在这里是对of sth.提问的。要想用what提问，died后面加of。 7、They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. fear v. 害怕（长时间的） cut open 切开 fall to pieces =go to pieces 碎成碎片，散掉 During the storm, the old house fell to pieces./ After two years their marria