Lesson1LanguageLearning

Lesson1Nounclauses Unit19Language 选修七 ObjectivesTogooversomephrases Topractiseusingnounclauses Usefulphrasesgetaheadstandoutintheabsenceofrelyonmakesuretaketheformofinformsb of bewellworth keepinmind 取得成功 进步 脱颖而出 突出 缺乏 缺少 依靠 信赖 设法确保 以 的形式 正式 通知 告知某人关于某事 很值得 记住 牢记 NounClausesWhichsentenceisanexampleof asubjectclause oranounclausethatactsasthesubjectofthesentence anobjectclause oranounclausethatactsastheobjectofthesentence apredicativeclause oranounclausethatactsasthepredicativeofthesentence d aappositiveclause oranounclausethatactsastheappositiveofthesentence Itwaspredictedasearlyasthe1700sthatEnglishwouldonedaybethegloballanguage thechangesthatwewillallhavetheopportunitytoliveinanEnglish speakingcountryaresmall asubjectclause anappositiveclause 3 WhatthismeansisthattheymakesurethereisanadequateamountofinputinEnglish 4 Expertssaythatjust15minutesofextra curricularstudyadaycanreallyaccelerateforeignlanguagelearning asubjectclause apredictiveclause anobjectclause 名词性从句 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句 包括主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句和同位语从句 名词性从句的引导词可分为三类 一是that类 二是if whether类 三是wh 疑问词类 名词性从句都必须与陈述句语序相同 即 主语 谓语 其余成分 主语从句 subjectclause 就是在复合句中作主语的从句 一 由关系代词what 代词whatever或whoever代词引起的主语从句Whathefoundsurprisedmegreatly Whoeverisfinishedmayrest 二 由连词that引起的主语从句 谓语一般是系表结构ThatChinaisagreatsocialistcountryiswellknown 注 为避免头重脚轻 使句子平衡 常用it作形式主语 而将主语从句后置 Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch 三 由连接代词 连接副词及whether 是否 引起的主语从句Whohasbrokentheglassisunknown Howheworkeditoutisstillasecret WhattheymakeinthisfactoryareTVsets 宾语从句 objectclause 就是在复合句中作宾语的从句 一 由连词that 疑问代词或副词 如how why和where等 引出的宾语从句Theydidn tsaywhichtheywanted Iamsure that noharmwillevercometoyou 注意 当think believe suppose等的疑问式后面跟连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句时 习惯上将这些连接词置于句首 即 连接代 副词 doyouthink believe expect 宾语从句的其余部分 如 Whodoyouthinkisthebestplayerthisyear 二 介词后的宾语可以是名词或代词 也可以是个句子 即宾语从句 也可以由what来引导 Iwassurprisedatwhathashappened 表语从句 predicativeclause 就是在连系动词之后作表语的从句 常见的引导词有what when where why whether how that because who asif asthough等 引导表语从句的that一般省略 Thetroubleisthatweareshortoffunds Sheseemsasifshehaddoneagreatthing Itisbecauseyoueattoomuch 注意 要区分以下句式 1 that swhy 结果 that sbecause 原因2 thereasonwhy for isthat Heisabsent That sbecauseheisill Heisill That swhyheisabsent Thereasonwhyheisabsentisthatheisill 同位语从句 appositiveclause 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句 同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer hope fact information conclusion order suggestion problem thought等后面 对其内容作进一步说明 Ihadnoideawhatheisdoingnow Shetoldusherhopethatshewouldbecomeapianist Ihavesmalldoubtwhetherheissuitableforthejob 注 有时同位语从句并不紧跟在它所说明的词的后面 Thewholetruthcameoutatlastthathewasawolfinsheep sclothing Anounclauseisagroupofwordsthatfunctiontogetherasanoun Everynounclausehasatleastasubjectandapredicate Nounclausesaredependentclausesthatfillnounphraseslotsinasentencessuchassubject object predictiveorappositive Themanualforthenewmobilephoneinformsuswhatweshoulddoincaseitdoesnotwork subject predicate object objectclause subject predicate adverbialclause Thewordsthatcanintroducenounclausesareasfollows a that b whether if c what who which where when why howlong much many etc 1 It sobviousthatheenjoyshisfamilylifeverymuch 2 NounclausesasasubjectIt struethatagedoesn talwaysbringwisdom 3 It slikelythatbeingtoofriendlywithchildrenwillmakethemhardertocontrol 4 It sashamethathedoesn trespecthisparents 5 Itmattersmuchwhetheryourparentsunderstandandsupportyou Notes Theworditisthegrammaticalsubjectofthesentence takingtheplaceofthenounclausethatisthetruesubjectofthesentence Thesentencewouldbeequallygrammaticalwithoutusingit e g It sashamethathedoesn trespecthisparents Thathedoesn trespecthisparentsisashame 1 WhatIfeellikedoingmostnowisgoingoutforadrive 2 WhetheritworksornotiswhatIreallycareabout 3 Whetherhe lltakethejobisstillunknown 4 Wherethey llmovetheirofficetoisnotclear 5 Whenhe llleaveforNewYorkhasn tbeendecided However thisstructureismoreformalandlesscommoninspokenEnglish NounclausesasanobjectIhopethatpeoplewillspendmoremoneyoneducation DoyouknowwhichfootballteamBillsupports Wouldyoumindtellingmewhatsizeofshoesyoutake IwonderwhetherIshouldaccepttheofferornot HeaskedifIcouldshowhimhowtooperatetheairconditioner NounclausesasapredictiveHissuggestionisthatweshouldhiremoreexperiencedpeople That swhatweshoulddo Thatishowtheysucceeded Thatiswhyhewaslateforschool Thatwaswhenmymomwasinhospital Thingswerenotaswehadexpected NounclausesasanappositiveAnappositiveclauseoftenfollowsanothernoun explainingthecontentofthenoun Thesenounsareoftenfollowedbyappositiveclauses news fact knowledge thought idea belief suggestion feeling word etc 1 Ihadnoideawhenthetraincrashhappened 2 ThefeelingthatI mabletodowhatIlikealldayreallymakesmehappy 3 IgetverystressedbytrafficjamsandthethoughtthatI mgoingtobelate 4 Wordcamethatourdutieswouldchanged 5 HowlongwillitbebeforepeoplewakeuptothefactthatanyonecancatchAIDS 6 Thequestionswhetherit sgoingtolastalifetimeremainsunanswered Compare Thequestionwhetherit sgoingtolastalifetimeremainsunanswered Thequestionthatwehaveaskedremainsunanswered Thequestionthatremainsunanswerediswhetherit sgoingtolastalifetime Nounclause appositiveclause Relativeclause attributiveclause Relativeclause attributiveclause 1 BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness WhichB WhatC ThatD Whom2 Itisstillunderdiscussion theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot A whetherB whenC whichD where 即时演练 B A 3 Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence smokingcanleadtomanydiseases whatB whichC thatD where4 I mafraidhe smoreofatalkerthanadoer whichis heneverfinishesanything A thatB whenC whereD why C D 5 Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants A thatB howC whatD why答案 A解析 考察that引导同位语从句的用法 此处that不可以省略 6 IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays That s Idon tagree Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife A whereB howC whenD what答案 选A解析 这就是我不同意的地方 agree是不及物动词 所以用where引导表语从句 7 Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy children searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup whyB howC whetherD that 答案 D 分析句子结构可知 空白处后面为句子主语 Evidence 的同位语从句 在这一从句中 句意完整 不缺少成分 应该使用 that 作为引导词 因此 正确答案为D选项 8 Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently whyB howC thatD whether 答案 C 从句考查 宾语从句不缺少成分用that引导 9 Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice whetherB whereC whichD that 答案 D 考点考察名词性从句当中的主语从句 Exercises 1 Where goingisnoneofmybusiness A issheB sheisC shewillD willshe2 What isstillwaitingtosee A didhedoB hedidC willhedoD hewilldo 1Choosethebestanswers B D 3 That madeussurprised A hesuddenlyfellillB suddenlyhefallsillC suddenlydidhefallillD willhesuddenlyfallill4 Whether ornotdoesn tmattersomuch A doesshelikeB shelikesC willshelikeD shedoeslike B A 5 lieseastofChinaisknowntousall A JapanB AsJapanC ThatJapanD WhyJapan6 wecan tgetseemsbetterthan wehave A What whatB What thatC That thatD That what C A 7 we llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather A IfB WhereC ThatD Whether8 toldyoutostopsmokingwasquiteright A WhomB WhoeverC WhomeverD What D B 9 Ihavenoidea hewillstarttocarryouttheplan A whenB whoC whatD which10 ThesuggestionIgavewas Maria sentwithme A what wasB that shouldbeC what shouldbeD that was11 Thethought wemightmisstheplaneworriedusalot A whenB whyC whatD that12 Thequestionis allt