甘肃省天水市一中2018_2019学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）.docx

甘肃省天水市一中2018-2019学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWant a wonderful travel in London? Dont miss the following!Cartoon MuseumThis highly entertaining London tourist attraction covers the history and development of British cartoons from the 18th century to the present day. You can find a detailed collection of all types of cartoons in this museum including caricatures (讽刺漫画) and rare examples of cartoon art: its an ideal place to entertain kids of all ages as well as a serious collection for animation enthusiasts.There are over nine hundred pieces on exhibit and the museum regularly holds events where both children and adults can participate. Booking for these events is recommended due to the popularity year round of this London Museum.Telephone: 020 7580 8155Chislehurst CavesChislehurst in London is home to chalk caves that were mined by hand for over 8,000 years. A tour of these caves is an exciting way to see how British people have impacted on their environment over thousands of years.Telephone: 020 8467 3264The Old Operating Theatre MuseumThe Old Operating Theatre Museum is one London museum offering a fascinating insight into the medical profession of the past. This 300-year old herb garret (阁楼) is Britains only surviving operating theatre, with a wooden operating table and an observation stand, from which visitors can witness surgery performed.Telephone: 020 7188 2679Curzon Mayfair Cinema MuseumRecently voted one of Londons best cinemas by Time Out readers, the Curzon Mayfair cinema is everything you would expect from this particular part of town: luxurious (奢华的) and tasteful. Showing mostly art-house and independent films, the Curzon Mayfair is unique in the world of London cinema for its role in screening these films for industry and press.Telephone: 033 3321 01041. What can we learn from the Cartoon Museum?A. It is designed only for kids.B. It is the oldest cartoon museum in Britain.C. Visitors can take part in the activities held in it.D. One must book the museum in advance to visit it.2. Which will you call up if youd like to know surgery of the past?A. 020 7580 8155.B. 020 7188 2679.C. 033 3321 0104.D. 020 8467 3264.3. Which of the following may attract a nature lover?A. Chislehurst Caves.B. Cartoon Museum.C. Curzon Mayfair Cinema Museum.D. The Old Operating Theatre Museum.【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A【解析】本文是一则广告。文章介绍想在伦敦旅行愉快的游客不能错过的地方。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Cartoon Museum中-the museum regularly holds events where both children and adults can participate.“博物馆定期举办儿童和成人都能参加的活动。”可知，我们能从卡通博物馆了解到游客可以参加在里面举行的活动。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据The Old Operating Theatre Museum中-from which visitors can witness surgery performed.可知，如果你想知道过去的外科手术，你会打020 7188 2679电话。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据Chislehurst Caves中A tour of these caves is an exciting way to see how British people have impacted on their invironment over thousands of years.“参观这些洞穴是一种令人兴奋的方式，可以看到几千年来英国人是如何影响他们的环境的。”由此推知，Chislehurst Caves可能会吸引自然爱好者。故选A。BIm sitting in my kitchen in London, trying to figure out a text message from my brother. He lives in our home country of Germany. We speak German to each other, a language thats rich in strange words, but Ive never heard this one before: fremdschmen.The experience gets me to consider: can we lose our mother language? Most immigrants (移民)know what its like to be not as good at their mother language as before. The process seems obvious: the longer you are away, the more your language suffers. But its not quite so straightforward. It turns out that how long youve been away doesnt always matter. Socializing with other native speakers abroad can worsen your own native skills. And emotional factors like trauma(精神创伤) can be the biggest factor of all.In children, the phenomenon of language attrition (语言磨蚀)is somewhat easier to explain since their brains are generally more flexible and adaptable. Until the age of about 12, a persons language skills are relatively easy to change. Studies on international adopters have found that even nine-year-olds can almost completely forget their first language when they are removed from their country of birth.But in adults, the first language is unlikely to disappear entirely except in extreme circumstances. For example, Monika Schmid analyzed the German of elderly German-Jewish wartime refugees(难民) in the UK and the US. The main factor that influenced their language skills wasnt how long they had been abroad or how old they were when they left. It was how much trauma they had experienced as victims. Those who left Germany in the early days of Nazi occupation, before the worst violence, tended to speak better German despite having been abroad the longest. Those who left later, tended to speak German with difficulty or not at all.“It seemed very clearly a result of this trauma”, says Schmid. “Even though German was the language of childhood, home and family, it was also the language of painful memories”. The most traumatized refugees had held them back. As one of them said: “I feel that Germany betrayed me. America is my country, and English is my language.”4. What does the first paragraph serve as?A. A commentB. A backgroundC. An explanationD. An introduction5. What do paragraph 4 and 5 mainly talk about?A. How two languages coexistB. The way to deal with adults traumaC. The reasons behind adults language attrition.D. Whether trauma leads to adults language attrition.6. Why does trauma cause a persons mother language to disappear?A. Because he cant remember his mother language.B. Because his ability to communicate is affected.C. Because his country is far from him .D. Because he chooses to escape from bad experiences.7. What is the best title for the passage?A. Where does your native language come from?B. Will you lose your native language?C. How does trauma affect your first language?D. How far are you from your mother tongue【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者由一封信中的生词引发出自己的疑问：我们的母语会消失吗？然后通过德国犹太战时难民的例子向大家证明了一个道理：母语会不会消失不在于你离开故乡多久，心理因素才是最大的影响。【4题详解】推理判断题。本文第一段的内容是：作者收到弟弟的信息，却看不懂里边的生词。由第二段首句的“The experience gets me to consider: can we lose our mother language?”可知，这个情景让作者开始考虑，母语会消失吗？也就是说第一段的内容的目的就是引出本文主题内容，是一个介绍。A. A comment 评论，意见；B. A background背景；C. An explanation解释；D. An introduction介绍。故选D。【5题详解】主旨大意题。第四段第二句以“For example”为例，也就是说后边的举例是为了说明首句的中心。第四段首句内容为“对于成人，除非是在极端情况下，第一语言几乎不可能全部消失。”第四段内容是从整体难民的情况来论证中心，第五段是通过两个人的论述证明中心。所以第四段和第五段内容都是以第四段首句为中心的，为了说明成人语言磨蚀的原因。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段中Schmid的论述可知，虽然德语是他的母语，但是也是痛苦记忆的语言。所以身心受创的难民不想提及它们（held them back）。也就是说他们选择逃避坏的经历。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第二段中的“The experience gets me to consider: can we lose our mother language?”可知，本文主要探讨的问题就是：我们会失去我们的母语吗？故选B。【点睛】本文第一题考查段落在文章中的作用，同学们常常会在introduction与background之间产生混淆。background主要是指文章主题的一般信息、其他人的研究、最新趋势等。Introduction主要是指文章主题的引入。我们第一段内容目的是引出文章主题，而不是将主题的现状或者过去及将来。所以是一个introduction。故选D。CHomelessness is a big problem across the world. Many people and organizations are working to solve it. Mel Young from Scotland and Harald Schmied from Austria are two such people. In 2001, the two men attended an international conference about the problem of homelessness. Later, they began to wonder if football could help solve the problem. In 2003, they decided to start the Homeless World Cup organization. It chooses and trains local homeless people for the yearly football competition. Today, about 500 people from almost 50 countries play in the Homeless World Cup. And the program is changing lives.Damien is from Ireland. For many years, he struggled with drug（毒品）addiction. But in 2006, he played for Irelands Homeless World Cup team, and since then, he has been drug free!Many of the Homeless Word Cup players, like Damien, have struggled with drug addiction. However, some players are homeless because of poverty. Alex is one of them. He says, “I was born in Mathare, the biggest, worst slum (贫民窟) in Kenya. I could not find anything to eat. Also schooling was a problem. My life started when I started playing football.” Football gave Alex joy. It taught him to work hard and helped him believe that he could achieve something.Football can even help people who have experienced extreme tragedy. Najib, a young man from Afghanistan, has lived through much war. Many of his family members have died. But football has helped him survive. “It is only during the games that I do not think about my situation. Im not interested in anything other than football and its the only thing I desire，” Najib explains.Drugs, poverty and war are common causes of homelessness. Playing in a football competition may not directly treat drug addiction, solve poverty or end war，but it can give people emotional strength and help them learn important life skills.8. What do we know about the Homeless World Cup?A. It is held every year.B. It first took place in 2001.C. It is the idea of two troubled football lovers.D. It was introduced at an international conference.9. After playing in the Homeless World Cup, Alex _.A. gave up taking drugsB. began to live a rich lifeC. got a good school educationD. became confident about the future10. What does the underlined word “desire” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. RememberB. WatchC. WantD. Create11. What would be the best title for this text?A. Football for everyoneB. Last hope for the homelessC. End homelessness from now onD. Beat homelessness through football【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。无家可归是全世界的一个大问题。为解决这个问题，Mel Young与Harald Schmied创立了无家可归的人的世界杯组织，挑选并训练本地无家可归的人参加一年一度的足球比赛。这个比赛不仅帮助一些贫穷的人解决了贫穷问题，更重要的是让他们获得了精神的力量，学会了重要的生活技能。【8题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“It chooses and trains local homeless people for the yearly football competition.”可知，无家可归的人的世界杯组织挑选并训练本地无家可归的人参加年度的足球比赛。也就是说无家可归的人的世界杯比赛一年举行一次。故选A（每年都举行）。【9题详解】推理判断题。由Alex可将答案定位在第三段，由第三段中最后一句话“It taught him to work hard and helped him believe that he could achieve something.”可知，足球不仅让他懂得要努力工作，还帮助他相信他能有所成就。也就是说他变得对未来充满信心。故选D。【10题详解】词义猜测题。由句子中的“and”可知，前后是并列关系。由于and前后的“anything”与“the only thing”是相反关系，所以“Im not interested in”与“I desire”也是相反关系。前边论述我对其它什么事情都不感兴趣，所以后边应该是它（踢足球）是我唯一想做的事情。A. Remember记得；B. Watch看；C. Want想要；D. Create创造。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍Mel Young与Harald Schmied创立了无家可归的人的世界杯组织，帮助这些人解决了贫穷问题。所以选项D中的“Beat”体现了这个组织的成效，“homelessness”与本文主题问题呼应，“through football”与文中的组织呼应。故选D。【点睛】主旨大意题是篇章阅读一个主要的考察方式，标题题（best title）是其一个典型的考点，也是高考阅读中每年的必考题。主旨大意题解题技巧是不要被文章细节所干扰。一般有两种方式解题：一是看首尾段，根据首尾段内容总结主题思想；二是看每段段首句，根据所有段首句总结主题思想。例如本文中的第四题就是考查文章的标题。这是一篇说明文，文章一开始就指出了无家可归的问题以及Mel Young与Harald Schmied创立了无家可归的人的世界杯组织来试图解决这个问题。文中其他内容是对这个组织的活动的介绍以及活动的成效。所以“Homelessness”“football”“solve”就是文章的关键词。选标题时要注意关键词呼应。具体呼应关系可以看详解中的分析。所以同学们要善于根据文体特征，精准提炼文章中心思想，再根据呼应关系解题。DResidents(居民) in the poorest areas in the U.S. face a life expectancy(平均寿命) up to decade shorter than those in the wealthiest areas, according to a study published in the American Journal of Public Health.Researchers from East Tennessee State University wanted to better understand how socioeconomic status was associated with health outcomes. To find out, they divided the countrys 3,141 areas into 50 new “states” (with 2 percent of the areas in each) based on household income rather than on geography.The researchers broke down the data by county（郡，县） since they found state-level data may hide some “effect of socioeconomic differences on both the best-off and worst-off counties.” They then examined health data from the wealthiest and poorest “states” (top and bottom 2 percent) to see how residents differed on factors like smoking, clinical care and excessive(过多的) drinking. Researchers found that there was nearly a 10-year gap in the life expectancy of men with an average of 79.3 years in the wealthy counties compared to 69.8 years in the poorest. For women, the difference was slightly less：83 years in the wealthiest counties and 76 years in the poorest.The study authors were cautious that while they found a connection between socioeconomic status and health outcomes, they did not analyze cause and effect. But they suggest that the data shows how policy makers should not just focus on state-wide initiatives (主动性) but more targeted efforts to help those most at risk. “With limited resources, methods of knowing the poorest areas exactly can be quite significant in the equal distribution (分配)of resources and programs to those communities that are in the greatest need, the study authors wrote.12. How did Researchers divide the areas?A. By social statusB. By incomeC. By healthD. By living places13. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A. The women difference is less than the man in life expectancy.B. The wealthiest “state” like hiding their wealth.C. Most health data is unbelievable.D. Most poorest “state” smoke and drink a lot.14. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The researchers think their study is perfect.B. People still dont know the cause of life expectancy.C. The government should learn something from the study.D. The American resources distribution is not fair at all.15. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Ways to have a long life expectancyB. Great income differences in the USAC. The health problem in the USAD. Men in richest 10 years longer in poorest【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。美国公共健康杂志发表的一篇文章指出，美国贫穷地区的人均寿命比富裕地区的人均寿命短十年。这项研究最重要的目的不是研究社会经济地位与健康之间的因果关系，而是旨在对政府决策者一些启示。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“they divided the countrys 3,141 areas into 50 new “states” (with 2 percent of the areas in each) based on household income rather than on geography.”可知，科学家们是按照家庭收入将3141个地区分为了50个新的州，而不是按照地理位置分的。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，对于男人，富裕地区平均寿命79.3，贫穷地区平均寿命69.8，相差近10年。对于女人，这个差距小一些，富裕地区平均83岁，贫穷地区76岁。故选项A（女人平均寿命比男人平均寿命差异小。）描述正确。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中“But they suggest that the data shows how policy makers should not just focus on state-wide initiatives (主动性) but more targeted efforts to help those most at risk.”可知，研究者建议这些数据给政府决策制定者提供依据，不要只关注全国范围内的主动性，而要更多的努力帮助那些处于困境中的人。也就是说政府决策者要从这个研究中心学习到些东西。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文，文章第一段就指出文章论述的中心（研究结果）是美国贫穷地区的人均寿命比富裕地区的人均寿命短十年。24段内容是对研究方法及结果的解释。所以选项D（最富裕地区男人比贫穷地区男人寿命长十年）与中心一致，故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。You may have grown up living with sisters and brothers, or this may be your first time sharing your living space with someone else. _16_ However, it can also be a great part of your college experience. Follow these tips to make sure you and your roommate keep things pleasant and supportive throughout the year.Be clear from the beginning.Maybe you hate it when someone interrupts you when you are sleeping every morning. Maybe you need ten minutes to yourself before talking to anyone after you wake up. _17_ Its not fair to expect him or her to accept them right away, and communicating what you need is one of the best ways to get rid of problems before they become problems._18_This may seem simple, but its probably one of the biggest reasons why roommates experience conflicts. Dont you think hell mind if you borrow his shoes for a quick soccer game? For all you know, you just stepped over an uncrossable line. Dont borrow, use, or take anything without getting permission first.Be open to change.You should expect to learn and grow and change during your time at school. _19_ As the term progresses, realize things will change for both of you. Be comfortable dealing with things that unexpectedly come up, setting new rules, and being flexible to your changing environment.Follow the Golden Rule._20_ No matter what your relationship is at the end of the year, you can take comfort knowing you acted like an adult and treated your roommate with respect.A. Respect your roommates things.B. You should correct your bad habits first.C. Let your roommate know about your preferences.D. Having a roommate surely has its challenges.E. Treat your roommate like youd like to be treated.F. Living with a roommate is really a wonderful thing.G. And the same should happen to your roommate, if all goes well.【答案】16. D 17. C 18. A 19. G 20. E【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文中对对学生如何与舍友愉快相处以及与舍友形成互帮互助的关系提出了几点建议。【16题详解】空格位于段中。由空格后的however可知，前边一句话与后边这句话（它也能成为你大学经历中很重要的一部分）句意是相反关系，且由后边句子中的主语it可知，前边一句话应该有一个单数意义的名词或名词短语。只有选项D（Having a roommate）与选项E（Living with a roommate）中有单数意义的名词，再根据句意相反，challenges与a great part of your college experience可以构成想法意思，故选D。【17题详解】空格位于段中。由本段小标题可知，本段话主要谈论：一开始就让它变清晰。空格前两句话分别讲的是自己不喜欢的事情和喜欢的事情，也就是自己的喜好。选项C中的“Let your roommate know”与小标题中的clear呼应，选项C中的“your preferences”与前两句话呼应，且这个复数名词与下句中的them呼应，故选C。【18题详解】空格位于小标题处。小标题下内容是（没有获得允许的情况下不要借、用、拿走任何东西），选项A（尊重你舍友的东西）与这一段内容呼应，故选A。【19题详解】空格位于段中。前一句意思为：在学校的时间，你会学习、成长并改变。下一句话的意思是：当学期慢慢过掉时，认识到你们俩将都会改变。由“will change for both of you”可知，空格处应该论述对方的改变。选项G（如果一切顺利的话，一样的改变业也会发生在你舍友身上。）符合情景。且选项G中的“the same should happen”与上句中的“to learn and grow and change”呼应。故选G。【20题详解】空格位于段首。本段小标题意思为“遵守黄金原则”。空格后句意为“无论年底你们的关系如何，知道你自己的行为像一个大人，并且你也很尊敬你的舍友会给你带来很多安慰。根据常识以及后边句子的解释，可知我们应该像我们想要被对待的一样去对待别人。故选E。【点睛】七选五题目主要考查学生综合的英语逻辑思维能力。一篇好的短文，不仅在内容上要前后一致，而且还要语篇结构清晰，上下文逻辑意义严谨。内容的前后一致体现在段内及语篇内话题的自然过渡。语篇结构主要体现为：文章是总分结构，还是按时间或空间顺序发展的，还是辩证三段论的编排的。逻辑意义的严谨最主要的可以通过代词、连词和副词等形式来体现。本文是一篇带有小标题的应用文，结构比较明显。第二题，第四题，第五题都可以由内容与小标题呼应解题，主要是由主旨内容推下边段落中的细节。第三题则是由段落细节推小标题。本篇七选五，同学们除了利用小标题与其下段落内容一致的原则外，还需要注意例如第一题中however连词以及it指代，第二题中them指代这些原则。这些原则做题时比内容一致性更容易发现，准确度也更高，因为它们体现的是语言间的逻辑关系。具体可以看详解中的分析。第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Many children dream of becoming managers when they grow up, but very few start as early as JoseAdolfo Quisocala Condori, a Peruvian(秘鲁) boy who started