山东省2020届新高考英语总复习第四板块写作第三部分概要写作对点集训.docx

第三部分 概要写作Writing 1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。In 1971, Chinas first subway line in Beijing was formally put into operation. By December 2017, there were 171 subway lines stretching over 5,083 km in 35 cities on the Chinese mainland. Currently, China has the longest urban railway network in the world, which is predicted to surpass 6,000 km by 2020.The rapid development of Chinas urban railway system reflects the countrys growing economic strength. The system has experienced the fastest growth over the past 15 years due to the investment of wealth accumulated from the reform and opening up in urban infrastructure construction. An urban railway system is expensive to build, with one kilometer of subway costing approximately 700 million yuan (about $110 million). A city without economic strength cannot develop such an expensive system.The progress in urban railway construction technologies has also contributed to the fast expansion of the infrastructure. Subway construction involves building underground tunnels, laying rails, manufacturing trains and the operation and management of subways. It is a systematic project which not only covers traditional infrastructure building but also modern electronics and information technology. Chinas railway construction technologies are the best in the world, with Chinese subway trains now exported to developed countries including the United States.The expansion of Chinese cities has made it necessary to develop urban railway systems. Since the start of the reform and opening up, a large number of people have migrated to cities and the number of private cars has increased dramatically, resulting in serious traffic congestion. Building subways has become an important way to solve this problem.This year marks the 41st anniversary of the launch of Chinas reform and opening up, and the rapid development of Chinas urban railway system exemplifies the achievements made by the policy. As China furthers its opening up, it will continue to maintain steady and rapid economic growth and railway systems will be available in more and more cities.Writing 1The past few decades has witnessed the fast development of Chinese urban railways both in number and length, which is a reflection of Chinas prosperous economy. (要点1) Actually, not only the growing construction technologies but also the expansion of Chinese cities with booming population and heavy traffic, stimulates the urban railway construction. (要点2) With the deepening of the reform and opening up policy, more urban railways will come into use. (要点3)Writing 2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。If youre anything like us, it seems that your stomach starts to grumble (隆隆响) as soon as McDonalds golden arches come into view. The reason behind that isnt the mouthwatering taste of their delicious friesthis is how they get them to taste so good by the wayits actually psychological, and it has to do with the colors of their logo.The colors red and yellow were chosen for a specific reasonand no, it wasnt because they looked nice with Ronald McDonalds clownlike face. It actually has to do with science. The color red is stimulating and is associated with being active. It also increases heart rate, which helps to jumpstart your appetite. The color yellow is associated with happiness and is the most visible color in daylight, so thats why a McDonalds sign is so easy to spot on a crowded road.The brain processes color before it processes words or shapes, so thats why the fastfood chain chose these two colors for their logo and brand. Red and yellow make you hungry, encouraging you to want to buy the product they sell, while also making you feel happy.McDonalds has started to use this color philosophy to influence and change the way people currently think about their brand as well. Many franchises(授权经销商) in Europe have started to incorporate more of the color green into their storefronts and interior design because its associated with nature and being environmentally friendly, something McDonalds has been criticized for not being in the past. The company has been working to become greener by using environmentally friendly refrigeration and converting used oil into biodiesel(生物柴油) fuel.So, next time you pass a McDonalds, dont be surprised if you find it really hard to resist going in and getting a burger and coke.Writing 2The reason why people cant resist the temptation of McDonalds is psychologically connected with colors of the logo. (要点1)Yellow and red are chosen to help increase peoples appetite and make the store sign easy to spot. (要点2) Another reason is that the human brain processes color before words or shapes. (要点3) Nowadays McDonalds takes advantage of the color philosophy to become more environmentally friendly by incorporating more green color into its store design. (要点4)Writing 3阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。According to a new study carried out by Brigham Young University undergrad student Alex Jensen and his mentor，Laura Walker，there is a direct link between the use of video games by young adults and their poor relationships with parents and friends. The study and its results were published in the latest issues of the Journal of Youth and Adolescence.For their study，researchers gathered information from 813 college students throughout the country.They noticed that the more young adults played video games，the poorer the quality of their relationships with friends and family was. College students involved in the study had to report about the amount of time they spent playing video games. At the same time they were interviewed about the quality of their relationships with peers and parents. In particular, they answered about the amount of trust，support and friendliness they shared with their friends and parents.Still, the researchers mention that the connection they found is pretty modest，so playing video games does not mean the end of relationships.“The most striking part is that everything we found gathered around video game use is negative，”stated Walker. In addition，statistical analyses showed that the young adults who spent time playing video games were more likely to get involved in risky activities such as drinking and drug abuse.Besides，those who played video games each day reported smoking pot(大麻)about twice as often as young adults who played video games occasionally and almost three times as often as youngsters who didnt play.Researchers also found that young women had lower selfesteem if they spent a lot of time playing video games.They also look forward to analyzing the impact of video games on young couples.Writing 3A new study finds a direct link between young adults playing video games and their poor relationships with parents and friends. (要点1)813 college students were interviewed about these two factors.(要点2) The young adults who spent time playing video games were more likely to take part in risky activities. (要点3) Young women had lower selfesteem if they spent a lot of time playing video games.(要点4)Writing 4阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Theres a fine line between arrogance (自负) and confidence in the workplace. There are many websites which help us to find out how to stay on the right side. Why do some people appear confident and capable, while others seem arrogant? And how can you make sure youre the former, rather than the latter, especially when you are letting interviewers and employers know about your abilities? The key is confidence.Whats the difference between arrogance and confidence in the workplace? Arrogance is very offputting for other people. Its where people feel that they are superior and they always know best. Workplace confidence is very different as its about having faith in yourself without assuming that yours is the only way or that youre the best. Confident people will know what they can do, but wont rub other peoples noses in it. If they need a bit of help with something, it wont cause fear of getting fired because everyone is not perfect and thats OK. Confidence in the workplace is much calmer and nicer to be around.Not feeling confident in the workplace or during a job interview can cause arrogant behavior, as insecurity can motivate people to prove theyre better than everyone around them.Generally speaking, feeling confident in the workplace is a good safety barrier against arrogance. If you feel happy and competent, youre unlikely to enjoy feeling superior to others. People who are confident in their abilities and knowledge will engage on the audiences agenda(日程安排), not their own. They will spend twice as much time listening and responding to the audiences agenda and building on it, rather than telling people how competent they are. The way to show people your capabilities is to actively listen to them and get on their wavelength. Only then should you talk about your own knowledge and capabilities.Writing 4In the workplace, the key to being confident and capable rather than arrogant is confidence.(要点1) Different from arrogance, confidence in the workplace means having faith in yourself without thinking too highly of yourself.(要点2) However, not feeling confident may make people arrogant. (要点3) Finally, if you feel confident, youre unlikely to enjoy feeling superior to others.(要点4)Writing 5阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Over the past few years，scientists have been researching and designing cars that can actually drive themselves.Driverless cars are safe because they provide safety for the people in them while they are driving anywhere.These selfdriving cars are safe for the people in them.The car will stop for a weed that can be huge because the car can break for an animal even though no one is going to stop for a bird on the road.I believe that the driverless car is a great idea. The people in them can be doing whatever they like and they will get home safely because the car wont be drunk.The accidents the driverless cars have been in were humancaused accidents.People should not have to check their phones until they stop driving completely. They can pull off the road and make a phone call if it is needed in an emergency. Inside the selfdriving cars you will be able to text and call and not have to pay attention. There is no possible way to stop people from using their phones while theyre driving because they have done if for so long，but they dont know that anything can happen to anyone at any given time.The driverless cars have a hard time handling traffic signals and do really poorly in bad weather conditions. The cars have sensors on one side to stay in the lane，but with rain and snow on the road，things will be really tough because sometimes no one clears the road.The cars wont be texting people or making phone calls，but they can keep people safe on the road.They wont have the problem of hitting any animals or anything on the road. Therefore, I think the driverless car is a great invention and will bring the death rate from driving down a lot to zero.Writing 5Driverless cars are safe because they provide safety for the people in them. (要点1) In the driverless car, you can text and call and not have to pay any attention.(要点2) However, the driverless cars have difficulty handling traffic signals and do really poorly in bad weather conditions.(要点3) Despite the disadvantages, the driverless car is a great invention and will greatly reduce the death rate from driving.(要点4)Writing 6阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Children are amazing. Each one is so different and they all surprise you. Sometimes it takes a bit of trial and error to get them going. This boy I visited this morning was so shy, and he wouldnt say a word. Thats my job as a home visitorto model ways that parents can use to unlock their childrens potential and get them ready for learning.Originally from the US, the Parent Child Home Program (PCHP) at NCI helps parents engage in their childrens early learning and supports them in preparing their children for school. The home visitors, all local people, act as ambassadors for education in the community. There are currently 75 families in the PCHP program in Dublins Docklan