水动力学专业词汇.doc

Fundamental Glossary in HydraulicsHydrostatics 水静力学Hydrodynamics 水动力学Physical properties of water水的物理性质Density 密度 specific gravity 比重Kinematic viscosity 运动粘性 absolute viscosity 动力粘性Elastic modulus 弹性模量 surface tension 表面张力Temperature温度 isotropic(Y)各向同性Anisotropic (Y)各向异性 uniform(ity)均匀(性)Heterogeneous(ity) 不均匀(性)Main force 主要作用力Gravity重力 inertia force惯性力pressure压力(强)drag 阻力Mass force 质量力 surface force 表面力Constitutive relationship 本构关系Stress应力 strain应变normal 法向tangent切向Angular deformation 角变形deformation变形displacement 位移shear剪力 acceleration加速度Local acceleration 当地加速度 convective acceleration 迁移加速度compressibility压缩性 continuity连续性Scalar纯量vector矢量tensor张量magnitude模(大小)direction方向Divergence散度 curl旋度 gradient梯度Source 源 sink 汇frequency频率 amplitude振幅phase相位resonance共振Mass conservation质量守恒 momentum Conservation动量守恒energy conservation能量守恒Initial condition初始条件 boundary condition边界条件Ordinal differential equation 常微分方程partial differential equation 偏微分方程Convection对流advection对流、平流、推流、移流diffusion扩散dispersion弥散decay衰减degradation降解Flow pattern流态flow type流型 Laminar flow层流 turbulent flow紊流Supercritical flow急流 subcritical flow缓流 critical flow临界流Rapidly varied flow急变流 gradually varied flow渐变流Uniform flow均匀流 non-uniform flow非均匀流Mainstream flow主流 wake flow尾流Steady flow恒定流 unsteady flow 非恒定流Onedimensional flow 一维流 two-dimensional flow二维流threedimensional flow 三维流Singlephase flow单相流double-phase flow两相流multiphase flow 多相流ambient 周围的环境environment 整体的环境irrotational flow 无旋流rotational flow 有旋流potential flow 势流Open channel flow明渠流free surface flow由表面流(明渠流)Pipe flow管流pressure flow有压流Jet射流plume卷流(羽流) cross flow横流Stagnation point 驻点 separation point分离点 Coherent structure相干结构 bursting猝发turbulent intensity紊动强度Boundary layer边界层 viscous sub-1ayer粘性底层displacement thickness排挤厚度 mixing length混掺长度Flow field，current field流场 flow net流网Submerged discharge淹没出流 unsubmerged discharge非淹没出流Renolds number雷诺数Froude number佛汝德数Prandtl number普朗特数Courant number柯朗数Peclet彼克雷特数dimensionless number无量纲数Streamline 流线path line迹线Vortex line涡线 vortex ring涡环 vortex street涡街Flux通量 circulation环量 vorticity涡度Water level，water stage水位discharge， flowrate， flow流量timeaveraged velocity时均流速 Depthaveraged velocity 水深平均流速velocity gradient流速梯度pressure gradient压强梯度Crosssection of flow， wet cross section过水断面 Wetted perimeter 湿周hydraulic radius水力半径Hydraulic head水头Elevation head位置水头piezometric head测压管水头velocity head流速水头Head loss水头损失 frictional-loss 沿程损失local head loss局部损失Entrance head loss进口水头损失 exit head loss出口水头损失bend head loss弯头水头损失 Abrupt expansion head loss突扩损失contraction head loss收缩损失Transition head loss渐变段损失Hydraulic jump水跃hydraulic drop跌水 conjugate depth共轭水深Weir堰 Sharpcrested weir尖顶堰broadcrested weir宽顶堰practical weir实用堰Orifice孔口 nozzle管嘴Dam坝 sluice水闸 spillway溢洪道Tunnel 隧洞penstock压力水管 culvert涵洞Aqueduct渡槽 siphon pipe虹吸管Energy dissipation device消能功Stilling basin 消力池 roller bucket消力戽Baffle pier消力墩plunge pool跌水池Energy dissipation by hydraulic jump底流消能Energy dissipation by surface regime面流消能Ski-j ump energy dissipation挑流消能Nappe水舌 vena-contracta收缩断面Cavitation空化 cavitation damage空蚀Aeration掺气Water wave水波 water hammer水锤Sediment泥沙 bed load床沙suspension load悬沙wash load冲泻质Incipient velocity起动流速 settling velocity沉速 Fluvial process河床演变deposition淤积 scour冲刷 erosion侵蚀Grounder water地下水seepage渗透permeability渗透性Hydraulic modeling水力模拟Physical modeling物理模拟 Undistorted model正态模型distorted model变态模型Similitude相似准则 similarity相似性 full scale足尺 reduced scale缩尺Fluid measurement流动量测 flow visualization流动可视化 Transducer，sensor传感器probe探头 scale比尺flume水槽 Numerical modeling数值模拟Finite element有限元 finite difference有限差 finite volume有限体积boundary element边界元Characteristics特征线Scheme方法(格式) algorithm算法turbulence model紊流模型Largeeddy simulation大涡模拟 Grid 网格 node结点time step时间步长 nodal spacing结点间距Coefficient系数parameter参数Explicit显式 implicit隐式accuracy精度 stability稳定性 convergence收敛性robustness健壮性sensitivity敏感性 Error误差 calibration率定 verification验证 application应用prediction预测 reproduction复演 Estuary hydraulics河口动力学 coastal hydraulics海岸动力学Open channel hydraulics明渠水力学Wave hydrodynamics 水波动力学 regular wave规则波 irregular wave不规则波 Tide潮汐 spring tide大潮 neap tide小潮diurnal tide全日潮 semi-diurnal tide半日潮 Computational Hydraulics计算水力学Hydro-informatics水利信息学Environmental Hydraulics环境水力学Eco-hydraulics生态水力学Dissolved oxygen(DO)溶解氧 chemical oxygen demand(COD)化学需氧量Biochemical oxygen demand(BOD)生化需氧量dilution稀释度Pollutant污染物 constituent组分Groundwater Hydraulics地下水水力学flood routing调洪演算evapotranspiration腾发，蒸散发eutrophication富营养化f1ood peak flow洪峰流量evaporation蒸发precipitation降水Flood洪水Runoff径流Hydrology水文学discretize /diskri:taiz/ 使离散discretization 离散化arithmetic 算术，算法staggered grids 交错网格superpose 重叠，放在上面affinity 共鸣，吸收，相近，密切关系cross-shore 横断面（海滩）trough 波谷standing wave 立波shore line 岸线continuum 统一体，连续性surf zone 破波带criterion 标准favour 基于excitation 激励coner 适应bathymetry 深策术，测海术，地形cusp 尖端beach cusp 海滩嘴suppress 抑止damp 减弱disvount 减弱，打折substantiate 证实，证明uni-directionally 单一向的orientate 定向run-up 增加stability 稳定性oscillatory 摆动的nondimensionalized 无因次的ambient 周围的parabolic 比喻的kinematic 运动学的viscosity 黏性aerodnamic 空气动力学的laminar 薄皮状的gradient 梯度perturbation 动摆，混乱eigenvalue 特征值legendre polynomials 勒让德多项式facilitate 使便利plot 划分amplitude 振幅normalize 规格化dash line 破折线versus 相对 asymptotic 渐进的dissi