暑假专题：谓语动词的人称变化——主谓一致.doc

暑假专题：谓语动词的人称变化主谓一致英文中主语和谓语必须在人称、数量方面保持一致，这就是主谓一致。当句子的主语涉及到不同的人称时，谓语动词的第一动词要与主语的人称和单复数保持一致。主谓一致的关键是判断主语是单数还是复数。例：I raise my arm.我抬起我的手臂。He raises his arm.他抬起他的手臂。1. 主谓一致主要体现在主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词要变成相应的单数形式。动词第三人称单数的变化规则与名词单数变复数相同。例：He buys a new bicycle.他买了一辆新的自行车。They buy a new bicycle. 他们买了一辆新的自行车。2. 谓语和主语的单复数一致，实际上只反映在第一个动词之上。例：He has seen her in the garden.他在花园中见到了他。I have seen her in the garden. 我在花园中见到了他。规则总结主谓一致的三个原则语法一致、意义一致、就近一致，请见下表：用 法例 句语 法 一 致一、 视 名 词 中 心 词 的 数 而定1. 主语为单数名词或单数第三人称代词时，谓语用单数。The park is very beautiful.He works for a joint-venture.2. 主语为one, one of, 由some, any, no, every构成的合成代词或more than one时，谓语用单数。Nobody believes it.More than one book in my library has been stolen.3. 主语为many a时，谓语用单数。Many a clever boy has asked such silly questions.4. each, either, neither, another作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Neither of them has taken away the book.5. 主语为复数名词时，谓语一般用复数。Many students like swimming.6. 集合名词people, police等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。People were cheered and waved when the Prime Minister arrived at the airport.7. 主语为a group(number)of + 复数名词时，谓语用复数。A group of students have made this proposal.8. and连接的两个或两个以上名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Jack and Peter come to see you.9. 主语为a part of 时， 如果名词为复数，谓语用复数；a part of 后接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。A large part of passengers were hurt in the accident.10. 集合名词family, class等作主语时，如看作整体，谓语动词用单数；如强调个体，则谓语动词用复数。My family has lived here for twenty years.The class are having a meeting.11. 主语为单数或复数名词，后接together with, along with, accompanied by 或as well as 等，词组的数决定于作主语的名词中心词。The actress, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party downtown this evening.意 义 一 致二 、只求内在含义的一致12. 表示度量、时间等概念的复数名词作主语时，根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词采取单数形式。Ten dollars is not enough.Three years passes in no time at all in a quiet village.13. 加s的名词作主语，如果该词含义为复数，谓语动词采取复数形式；含义为单数，谓语动词采取单数形式。Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.（指政治这一课题）What are your politics?(指政治观点)就 近 一 致三、谓语形式与最靠近它的主语名词一致14. 当名词化的形容词作主语时，指一类人时，谓语用复数形式；指物时多用单数谓语。Those badly injured are taken away.(指受伤的人)The progressive is sure to prevail over the conservative.（指势力）15. 动名词或what引导的从句作主语时，若指的是并列的两个概念，谓语用复数形式。What is right and what is wrong are of no small sense in such a case.Saying and doing are two things of no small measure.16. 由not onlybut also，eitheror，neithernor引导的主语中，谓语动词应采取就近一致原则，与距离最近的主语保持一致。Neither the president of the company, nor the sales manager has a Mster Degree.17. 在强调句的“It is + 代词 + that/who”结构中，从句谓语与it is + that/who中强调部分的主语一致。It is the irony of fate that brings these two men together.It is I who am not willing to accept your offer.18. 在“There + be + 主语”的句型中也常采用就近原则（但也往往按主语的实际数量使用相应的谓语形式）。There is a dictionary and many books on the desk.There are many books and a dictionary on the desk.19. 在以“one of + 复数名词 + who”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语动词可根据强调的实际人数或就近原则用复数或单数。John is one of my close friends who are always ready to help when I am in trouble.John is the only one of my close friends who is always ready to help when I am in trouble.20. some, any, none, half作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式视情况而定。Half of the students are boys.Half is enough.【典型例题】1. No one except two students _ the meeting.A. has been late forB. have been late forC. was late for D. were late for2. All but him and me _ to the exhibition.A. am going B. is goingC. are going D. was going3. Interest, as well as prospects, _ important when one looks for a job.A. are B. were C. is D. was4. The president, accompanied by his assistants, _.A. have arrived B. are arrivingC. had arrived D. has arrived5. A number of cars _ in front of the parkA. is parkedB. was parked C. are parked D. has parked参考答案15 CCCDC 【模拟试题】（答题时间：25分钟）1. Each of you _ responsible for the accident.A. am B. be C. isD. are2. Each man and woman _ the same rights.A. has B. have C. had D. is having3. Every means _ tried but without much result.A. has been B. have beenC. areD. is4. There _ in this room.A. are too much furniture B. is too many furnituresC. are too much furnituresD. is too much furniture5. The manager or his assistant _ planning to go.A. were B. areC. was D. be6. Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.A. am B. is C. are D. was7. Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.A. is B. are C. has D. was8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting.A. attendsB. attendC. are attending D. have attended9. _ was wrong.A. Not the teacher but the students B. Both the students and the teacherC. Neither the teacher not the studentsD. Not the students but the teacher10.“_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”“I suppose so.”A. Will beB. Is C. Are D. Were11. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.A. areB. has C. is D. were12. Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank.A. has been keptB. is being kept C. have kept D. have been kept13. All that can be done _.A. has done B. has been done C. have done D. have been done14. One or perhaps more pages _.A. is missing B. has been missed C. are missing D. was missing15. More than one worker _ dismissed.A. have been B. areC. has beenD. has16. Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.A. have realized B. has realizeC. have been realized D. has been realized17. The gas works _ near the city.A. is B. areC. wereD. be18. The surroundings of his house _ clean now.A. isB. are C. wasD. were19. The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.A. has argued B. has been arguingC. have argued D. have been arguing20. The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.A. is B. was C. are D. has been21. Cattle _ on the hillside.A. grazes B. is grazing C. was grazingD. were grazing22. Her politics _ neither conservative nor liberal.A. is B. are C. was D. has been23. Measles _ a kind of infectious illness.A. is B. areC. wereD. have been24. The Philippines _ to the south-east of China.A. liesB. lie C. lay D. lays25. Mary is one of the girls who _ always