山东省2020届新高考英语总复习专题一阅读理解第二部分题型应对探究第3讲主旨大意题对点集训.docx

第3讲 主旨大意题小题夯基练1Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter，including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台)The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California，including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds，plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers argument；many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags，which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is，the longer its life and the more plasticbag use it cancels out.However，longerlasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists dont dispute(质疑)these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.Q：What is the best title for the text?APlastic，Paper or NeitherBIndustry，Pollution and EnvironmentCRecycle or Throw AwayDGarbage Collection and Waste Control解析：A根据最后一段中的内容可知，本文主要讲述了塑料袋和可重复使用纸袋的利弊。故选A。2The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past.The threeday event is not fixed to the same dates each year，but generally takes place in November or December.It is well attended by tourists，but even better attended by locals.During the opening ceremonies，after the official greetings from the government leaders，people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands，and white camels transport their riders across the sands.Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship.One following another，groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture.Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs.On their knees in the sand，a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair：their long，dark，shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.Q：This passage mainly tells readers _.Awhat happens on the opening day of the Sahara FestivalBhow people celebrate during the threeday Sahara FestivalCwhat takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara FestivalDhow animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival解析：A从文中第二段第一句话“During the opening ceremonies，”可以看出，本文主要是介绍“撒哈拉节”开幕式上的活动。故选A。3Handshaking，though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China.Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe.It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met，they showed their unarmed(无武器的)hands to each other as a sign of goodwill.As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly，people in cities began to clap each others hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement.This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other.“Lets shake (hands)on it”sometimes means agreement reached.Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet？No.Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite.It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party，especially when it is a woman，shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or her.Even if，for politeness，he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand，just touch it slightly.There is generally a misunderstanding(误解)among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward，while the Chinese are rather reserved(保守的)in manner.But in fact some people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today.So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.Q：The first paragraph mainly tells us _.Awhere handshaking was first practisedBhow handshaking came aboutCabout the relationship between handshaking and tradeDabout the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China解析：B在文章第一段说明了握手的来历。实际上也就是谈论握手是怎样产生的。故选B。大题提能练A(2020石家庄市高三模拟一)A new“Magic Bench” designed by Disney Research lets you interact(互动)with lovely animated(动画的)charactersand no special glasses or earphones are required.Instead，the complete environmentthe seat，the sitter and the cartoon charactersis mirrored on a screen opposite the bench making it possible for others to watch the scene unfold.How does the illusion work？A camera and sensor catch images and gather depth information about physical objectsthe bench and the person.And then a computer translates them into the 3D animations.Meanwhile sensors of touch built into the bench deliver shaking that is happening at the same time and speed to animated actions on the screen，creating the illusion that the animated figures are occupying realworld space next to the user.“Our goal for this project was：hear characters coming，see them enter the space，and feel them sit next to you，”said Moshe Mahler，principal digital artist at Disney Research.Unlike the traditional mobile technology，one of whose limitations is that only a single user can see its illusion，the Magic Bench allows groups of people to gather in a single environment and collectively participate in an augmented reality(扩充实境)experience，all at the same time.In a video show，a small cartoon donkey runs into view and kicks the bench，causing a sharp sound and making the seated person jump in surprise.Another test shows two people on the bench，reacting as they“feel” an animated rabbit skip up beside them and jump up and down.When a user passes his hand over the rabbit，a shadow moves across its head，as though it were occupying the same physical space as the person next to it.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了迪斯尼公司设计的“Magic Bench”，它能使观众与卡通人物互动，该互动通过将座位、模特和卡通人物映在长椅对面的屏幕上，让观众更加身临其境。1What does the Magic Bench need to work properly?ASpecial glasses.BEarphones.CA mirror.DA screen.解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“Instead，the complete environmentthe seat，the sitter and the cartoon charactersis mirrored on a screen opposite the bench making it possible for others to watch the scene unfold”可知，屏幕是该互动技术所需要的，故D项正确。2What does the underlined word“illusion”in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe shaking that is happening.BThe 3D animations on the screen.CThe figures about physical objects.DThe interaction with animated figures.解析：D考查词义猜测。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第一句中“lets you interact(互动)with lovely animated(动画的)characters”可知，这种方式让观众和可爱的动画人物互动；结合第二段第一句“How does the illusion work？”可知，该句提问这种和动画人物互动的技术是如何运作的，由此可推知，画线词是指“和动画人物的互动”，故D项正确。3How is the Magic Bench different from the traditional technology?AIts fantasy can be seen only by a single user.BIt is designed to create more animated characters.CIt allows many people to experience the fantasy together.DIts user and the animated character occupy the same space.解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句“Unlike the traditional mobile technology，one of whose limitations is that only a single user can see its illusion，the Magic Bench allows groups of people to gather in a single environment and collectively participate in an augmented reality(扩充实境)experience，all at the same time”可知，与传统移动技术不同的是，传统移动技术的限制之一是只有一个用户可以看到这种互动，而Magic Bench允许一群人聚集在一个单独的环境中集体同时参与互动体验。故C项正确。4Which is the best title of the text?AMagic Bench Puts You in the PictureBAudiences Become Cartoon CharactersCEntertainment Industry Enters a New StageDDisneys Cartoon Figures Come into Reality解析：A考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了迪斯尼公司设计的能使观众与卡通人物互动的“Magic Bench”，该互动通过将座位、模特和卡通人物映在长椅对面的屏幕上，让观众更加身临其境。故A项最适合作本文标题。B(2020昆明市高三质检)Fiveyearold Prisilla Perez，a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis，was unhappy with her recent haircut，which resulted from a severe disease.When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy，she felt ashamed，often crying and losing focus in school.Her teacher，Shannon Grimm，sympathized with her unhappiness.Grimm and Prisillas mom were concerned，but their ideas didnt work.“We had classroom discussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long hair，and I showed them photos of movie stars with different looks，”Grimm said.“However，it wasnt sinking in.”Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout the winter break，and one morning，she had an idea：Cut off her haira scary thought for Grimm，who wore her hair long and took pride in it.“Ive never had short hair，and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，”she said.On Jan.4，Grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home.“I told him to keep going，even if I cried，”she said.The class loved their teachers new do，especially Prisilla，who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling，“Mom，Ms.Grimm cut her hair！”The teacher also bought matching bows for herself and the girl，so they could style their hair together.In February，the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school districts Student of the Month Award，but during the Monday ceremony，she received a surprise“hero medal”from the girl.“Now we have matching awards，”says Grimm.Prisillas mother，Maria，said that Grimms thoughtfulness brought her to tears.“I was shocked.I was crying.I couldnt believe itshe did something I wouldnt have the bravery to do.I will never forget that.”语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Grimm老师剪短头发以帮助学生Prisilla的故事。5Why was Prisilla unhappy at school?AShe wasnt satisfied with her teacher.BShe couldnt concentrate in class.CShe was laughed at by her classmates.DShe couldnt get on well with others.解析：C考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy，she felt ashamed，often crying and losing focus in school”可知，Prisilla在学校不开心是因为她被同学嘲笑。6What made Grimm have her own hair cut?APraise from her students.BDevotion to her students.CRequest of Prisillas mother.DSuggestion from the hairstylist.解析：B考查推理判断。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Grimm thought about Prisilla.she had an idea：Cut off her hair”可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，为了安慰Prisilla，Grimm 老师决定把自己的头发剪短。由此可推知，Grimm老师出于对学生的关爱才剪短了头发。7What can we know about Grimm?AShe had her hair cut together with Prisilla.BShe expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils.CShe hesitated a lot before having her hair cut.DShe won a gold medal for facing difficulties bravely.解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句中的“Ive never had short hair，and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision”可知，Grimm 老师剪短头发之前很犹豫。8What is the text mainly about?AHow Grimm helped her student out.BWhat problem Prisilla had at school.CWhy Prisilla won the Month Award.DWhen Grimm got her new hairstyle.解析：A考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，她在学校很不开心，Grimm老师为了帮助、安慰她剪短了自已的头发，故A项正确。CIn the 1760s，Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called consomm.Although the main attraction was the soup，Rozes chain shops also set a new standard for dining out，which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today，scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat：diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their food.When a darkcolored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters，too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness，they couldnt tell how much theyd had；those given extralarge shares ate more than everyone else，but were none_the_wiserthey didnt feel fuller，and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money，but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fastfood places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on some Mozart(莫扎特)When classical，rather than pop music was playing，diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect：diners who got the scent of lavender(熏衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon，or no scent.Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spending“bad”tables，crowding，high pricesdont necessarily.Diners at bad tablesnext to the kitchen door，sayspent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not“be overly concerned aboutbadtables，”given that theyre profitable.As for crowds，a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurants reputation，suggesting great food