叉车使用维护检修规程.doc

Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didnt opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of sense, when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand控制号： 编号：YL/MD052007A舞阳钢铁有限责任公司 编制部门：机动科原料供应部 页数：第1页 共8页机电能源管理标准 批准日期： 叉车操作维护检修规程 生效日期： 1目的和使用范围1.1目的本规程用于指导操作者正确操作和使用设备。1.2适用范围本规程适用于指导原料供应部叉车的操作、维护、检修。2相关文件和术语2.1相关文件2.2术语3目标和原则3.1促使叉车的操作、维护、检修标准化、规范化，保证设备性能，确保操作人员和设备的安全。3.2以点检定修为核心，推行预防为主的设备管理。4职责4.1司机的职责4.1叉车司机必须严格执行交接班制度，每天作业完毕，应认真填写当日点检记录、设备交接班、设备维护记录；每周认真检查并填写周编制： 审核： 批准：编号：YL/MD052007A页数：第2页 共8页点检卡。4.1.2交接班人员应对叉车认真检查，掌握和发现设备隐患。4.1.3交接班人员应及时排除发生的隐患，无法处理者及时上报有关部门。4.1.4发动叉车前检查所有控制杆是否在中位。4.1.5凡可能造成设备、人身事故的带故障行车，接班者有权拒绝驾驶。4.1.6司机经常检查各润滑点的润滑情况，并定期依据润滑标准向各润滑点加入润滑油、脂。4.1.7负责装载机的清扫工作，保持设备清洁。4.2维护人员的职责4.2.1定期处理司机在日常维护中检查出来的设备缺陷。4.2.2定期检查叉车的结构情况，主要位置的焊接、铆钉、联接螺栓有无缺陷。4.2.3负责磨损超标件、磨损件的更换，并负责日常消耗备件的储备工作。4.2.4全面掌握和了解叉车的运转状态，不断改进和解决设备缺陷，提高设备完好率，保证叉车正常运转。4.2.5发现叉车存在有重大缺陷和隐患不能再运转工作时，有权制止作业，并向有关单位报告提出处理意见。4.2.6严格执行设备定修、恢复和改善设备技术状况。编号：YL/MD052007A页数：第3页 共8页4.2.7指导司机的日常点检。4.2.8尽量避免在发动机运转情况下检修和维护叉车。5.规程5.1操作规程5.1.1叉车驾驶员必须经过一定的培训，对设备具有较熟练的操作技能，并对设备的主要结构、性能和原理有全面的了解，并能严格按使用说明书的规定去操作、维护和保养设备，严禁超性能使用设备。5.1.2驾驶员应遵守的制度a.叉车驾驶员必须严格遵守设备所在单位的相关规章制度。b.叉车的安全管理制度。c.设备交、接班制度。d.叉车的日常和定期检查制度。e.叉车的润滑、维护保养制度。5.1.3搬运时负荷不应超过规定值，货叉须全部插入货物下面，并使货物均匀地放在货叉上，不许用单个叉尖挑物。5.1.4平稳地进行起动、转向、行驶、制动和停止；在雾天能见度差、潮湿或光滑的路面运行或转向时要减速，并特别小心。5.1.5装货行驶应把货物尽量降低，门架后倾。5.1.6叉车起步要察看周围，然后鸣号起步；行驶时应注意行人、障碍物和坑洼路面；不准人站货叉上，车上不准载人；应根据现场情况选择适当的车速。编号：YL/MD052007A页数：第4页 共8页5.1.7不准人站在货叉下或在叉下行走，不要搬运未固定或松散堆垛的货物，小心搬运尺寸较大的货物。5.1.8离车时，将货叉降着地，并将换向操作杆放在空挡，断开电源，拉紧手刹车。5.1.9驾驶员不准酒后开车、超重、超高、超速行驶，禁止急刹车、急转弯。5.1.20车辆安全装置必须安全完好，各部件灵敏有效，技术性能良好，严禁车辆带病行驶。5.1.21保持标准行驶状态，货叉离地面30CM左右行驶，货物处于高位时，不要倾斜门架。5.1.10使用前检查5.1.10.1作业前检查柴油机散热器（水箱）的水是否注满，油底壳的机油是否合适，各连接处和接头是否渗水漏油，5.1.10.2油箱内的油量是否足够，各油管接头有无漏油现象。5.1.10.3蓄电池电极柱导线是否拧紧，其它导线有无松脱。5.1.10.4前后轮胎气压是否符合要求，轮毂螺栓有无松动并清除嵌在胎纹间和两胎间的石子和杂物。5.1.10.5调整方向盘、制动踏板的自由行程是否合适。5.1.10.6大小灯、制动灯和喇叭等信号装置是否正常。5.1.10.7转向盘、直拉杆接头处有无松脱。5.1.11柴油机常温起动编号：YL/MD052007A页数：第5页 共8页5.1.11.1置变速箱换档操作手柄于空档位置。5.1.11.2打开点火开关，将预热启动开关转至“起动”位置，同时踏下油门踏板，柴油机即可起动5.1.11.3一旦柴油机起动，应立即释放起动开关。5.1.11.4如一次起动不成功，可进行第二次再起动，每次起动时间不能超过5秒钟，重复起动间隔不得少于30秒钟。5.1.11.5如连续起动34次仍不能起动成功，应查明原因，待排除故障后再行起动。5.1.11.6起动成功后，应低速运转，使柴油机预热，待水温达到550C以上时，方可进行作业。5.1.12柴油机低温起动5.1.12.1检查油杯中是否装满柴油，回油路是否畅通。5.1.12.2将预热开关拨至“预热”位置，待1-15秒钟预热器作用后，拨动预热起动开关至“预热起动”位置，柴油机即可起动。5.1.12.3起动成功后，应立即释放预热起动开关，并将点火开关拨向逆时针方向位置。5.1.12.4起动前可将冷却水加热到80900C后注入散热器内，以提高起动效果。5.1.12.5柴油机起动后，应注意机油压力表上的压力，低于规定值时，应立即“熄火”，检查排除故障后再行起动；注意观察仪表盘上电流表指针是否指向充电或0位置，如指向放电位置也应立即“熄火”检编号：YL/MD052007A页数：第6页 共8页查电气系统。5.1.13叉车在有斜坡的地面作业，或在运行时货物处于高位和要在门架非垂直状态堆垛等非正常条件工作时，必须适当降低额定起重量。5.1.14装货时，应尽量使两货叉承载相当，并应根据货物大小调整货叉间距，对超长和形状不规则重心不易估计的货物须进行试铲。待两货叉承载较均匀时，才能运行。5.1.15货物在高位时移动车辆应缓慢，操作制动器应十分小心平稳。5.1.16叉车必须避免突然起步、突然停止。运行时不得随意提升、降低货叉。5.1.17上下坡时必须缓慢，不得在坡道上转弯或横跨坡道运行。5.1.18禁止下坡急转弯。5.1.19满载下大于10%坡道时，尽量使货物以上倾方式运行，既货物在后倒车下坡。5.1.20工作中加燃料必须制动叉车，关闭柴油机；严禁明火或吸烟；取走加油装置，盖好加油口和清除外溢燃料之前，柴油机不得起动；发现燃油系统有渗漏，未恢复前不得起动发动机使用。5.1.21升降货物时，一般应在垂直位置下进行。5.1.22当搬运大体积货物时，货物挡住驾驶员视线时，叉车应倒车低速行驶。5.1.23不允许分离离合器滑行和在行驶中将脚放在离合器踏板上；货叉入货堆时，货叉架应前倾；货物装入货叉后，货叉架应后倾，使货编号：YL/MD052007A页数：第7页 共8页物紧靠货叉壁，然后才允许行驶。5.1.24在进行装卸时，必须使用手制动，使叉车工作稳定。5.1.25货物开始起升和降落时，初速度均不易过快。5.1.26货叉架要后倾至极限位置，或升到最大高度时，必须迅速地将操纵手柄置于中间静止位置，货叉前后倾和升降两手柄不能同时操纵。5.1.27严禁用货叉拔起埋入物。5.1.28发动机熄火之前，应使发动机怠速运转23分钟以后，再关闭点火开关。5.2维护规程5.2.1叉车应经常保持清洁，每次作业后，擦净叉车上的尘土和油污。5.2.2各润滑点要按时润滑。5.2.3各滤芯要定时清洗或更换。5.2.4冬季低温季节，应把散热器和汽缸体下侧的放水开关打开，放尽冷却水，以免天冷冻裂缸盖、缸体和散热器。5.2.5经常检查螺栓、螺母有无松动现象。5.2.6叉车停用一周以上，应把前桥顶起，使轮胎离地，放尽冷却水并把蓄电池接线柱拆下。5.2.7叉车停用一季以上时，应把叉车停放在车库内，架起车，使轮胎离地，放掉冷却水，将蓄电池从车上拆下，放在干燥仓库内，并定期充电；空气滤清器应用布或纸包好；轮胎等橡胶零件应放置在避光编号：YL/MD052007A页数：第8页 共8页处；每月应运转一次发动机，并行驶35公里，门架起升和倾斜56次。5.2.8叉车如封存停用一年以上，除完成上面各项外，还应放出液压油，易生锈的部件表面涂防锈油。5.2.9叉车运往外地时，不能利用叉车长途自行，应用其它车辆载运。5.3检修规程5.3.1设备的检修必须按照公司设备检修管理办法执行。5.3.2检修单位应具有检修资质。5.3.3车间检修前必须进行安全确认并采取安全措施，外委单位检修必须签署安全环保协议施工协议，检修前必须进行安全确认并采取安全措施。5.3.4设备大修后，做好调整和设备验收记录。5.3.5设备检修必须考虑环境因素，做好废旧物品回收管理工作，禁止到处乱丢，乱放破布、杂物及报废零部件；禁止废油到处排放。5.4考核：按原料供应部生产设备考核细则执行。6报告和记录表式6.1设备交接班记录加强内部治安管理同刑事犯罪活动和其它危害治安的行为作斗争，保证医院工作的顺利进行，并协助医院有关部门做好治安综合治理工作和劣迹人员的思想转化工作。manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of Chinas modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model