2013-2014四级培训(阅读技巧篇)选词填空.ppt

2013大学英语四级阅读技巧之选词填空BankedCloze 篇章层次的词汇理解 选词填空BankedCloze 220个单词左右的文章 在文章当中去除了10个单词从15个单词选项中选择正确的单词填入文章 出题特点 1 考查学生综合语言运用能力以词汇 语法 阅读为基础把握文章主题 大意 作者的观点了解全文的结构 思路了解各段内的行文逻辑注意句意的起 承 转 合把握语法结构了解所列单词的词性和基本搭配 出题特点 2 考查词汇运用能力词义辨析 同义词 近义词 反义词或形近易混词固定搭配 动词 形容词 副词 介词的固定搭配和习惯用法句子之间的逻辑关系 列举 原因 结果 让步 转折 对照 补充 时间顺序 目的 条件等不同逻辑关系的连接词词汇的复现 以原词 指代词 同义词 反义词 概括词等重现在整篇文章的前后 解题步骤 1 首先跳读skim全文 抓住中心根据首段原则以及首末句原则 迅速抓出文章的主题 判定文章主题对于篇章的整体把握具有很大的积极意义 2 接着阅读词汇选项 词性分类归纳仔细阅读词汇选项 因为选项给我们的仅仅是一个单词 而非句子或者语段 所以考试难度就大大下降了 我们应该根据词性把每个单词进行分类归纳 标出词性 如名词 动词 形容词 副词 介词 连词各有几个选项 3 然后瞻前顾后 灵活选择根据空格中应填入的词性 大大缩小选择范围 根据上下文的内在逻辑结构 意义等选择合适的选项填空 用法搭配 词的褒贬色彩 平行结构 单复数 时态 等标准及排除法选出唯一正确的 4 最后复读全文 谨慎调整填空完成后 再次复读全文 自我感觉上下文是否通顺 内在逻辑关系是否连贯 如有问题 要谨慎的微作调整 解题技巧 6点 1 判定词性时可以重点分析动词的时态 即哪几个是一般现在时 哪几个是过去时或者过去分词 根据上下文时态对应的原则 进一步缩小选择范围 2 如果选项中出现指示代词时 往往该选项不能放在首句 要注意指代成立的条件 3 如果选项中出现一组反义词时 往往有一个是干扰选项 它注重考察的是对于文章框架结构的理解 要求理解整篇文章的语境色彩 解题技巧 4 如果选项中出现一组近义词时 往往也有一个是干扰选项 它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解 要求分析清楚其细微的区别 5 如果选项为连词时 要关注上下句内在的逻辑关系 常见的逻辑关系有 因果 并列平行 递进 强对比 前后意思一致等 6 要有总体观 不必按顺序作题 先把自己最有把握的词选出 然后删除该选项 为吃不准的选项缩小选择范围 样题解析首先跳读全文 抓住文章中心 Dreamisawayforthesubconscioustocommunicatewiththe36mind Dreamingofsomethingyou reworriedaboutisthebrain swayofhelpingyourehearseforadisasterifitoccurs Dreamingofachallenge likegivingapresentationatworkorplayingsports canenhanceyour37 Andcognitiveneuroscientistshavediscoveredthatdreamsandtherapideyemovementwhileyou redreamingare38toourabilitytolearnandremember Dreamingisa moodregulatorysystem saysRosalindCartwright chairmanofthepsychology39atRushUniversityMedicalCenter She sfoundthatdreamshelppeopleworkthroughtheday semotionalquandaries It slikehavingabuilt intherapist saysCartwright Whilewe40 dreamscomparenewemotionalexperiencetooldmemories creatingplaid likepatternsofoldimageslaidontopofnewones Assheputsit Youmaywakeupandthink WhatwasUncleHarrydoinginmydream Ihaven tseenhimfor50years Buttheoldandnewimagesare41related It sthejoboftheconsciousmindtofigureouttherelationship Infact dreamemotionscanhelprealtherapiststreatpatients42traumaticlifeevents Inastudyof30divorcedadults Cartwrighttrackedtheirdreams43afive monthperiod shediscoveredthosewhowereangriestatthespousewhiledreaminghadthebestchanceofsuccessfullycopingwithdivorce Iftheirdreamswerebland Cartwrightsays theyhadn tstartedtoworkthroughtheiremotionsand44thedivorce Fortherapists thisfindingwillhelp45ifthedivorcedneedcounselingorhavealreadydreamedtheirtroublesaway 其次细察并标出备选词词性p6 A dealwithv I determinev B physicallyad J sleepv n C wakev n K departmentn D performancen L consciousa E unconsciousa M presentationn F undergoinging a n ingN linkeded a G experiencev n O emotionallyad H overprep ad a v 具体分析做题 Dreamisawayforthesubconscioustocommunicatewiththe36mind Dreamingofsomethingyou reworriedaboutisthebrain swayofhelpingyourehearseforadisasterifitoccurs Dreamingofachallenge likegivingapresentationatworkorplayingsports canenhanceyour37 A dealwithv I determinev B physicallyad J sleepv n C wakev n K departmentn D performancen L consciousa E unconsciousa M presentationn F undergoing现分 a 动名N linked过分 a G experiencev n O emotionallyad H overprep ad a v 36 形 unconsciousandconscious为一对反义词 而unconscious 无意识的 失去知觉的 为干扰项 因此 答案为L conscious 37 名 D performance表现 Andcognitiveneuroscientistshavediscoveredthatdreamsandtherapideyemovementwhileyou redreamingare38toourabilitytolearnandremember Dreamingisa moodregulatorysystem saysRosalindCartwright chairmanofthepsychology39atRushUniversityMedicalCenter She sfoundthatdreamshelppeopleworkthroughtheday semotionalquandaries A dealwithv I determinev B physicallyad J sleepv n C wakev n K departmentn D performancen L consciousa E unconsciousa M presentationn F undergoing现分 a 动名N linked过分 a G experiencev n O emotionallyad H overprep ad a v 38 形或分词作表语 与 有关联N be linkedto 39 n 大学的系 部K department Whilewe40 dreamscomparenewemotionalexperiencetooldmemories creatingplaid likepatternsofoldimageslaidontopofnewones Assheputsit Youmaywakeupandthink WhatwasUncleHarrydoinginmydream Ihaven tseenhimfor50years Buttheoldandnewimagesare41related It sthejoboftheconsciousmindtofigureouttherelationship A dealwithv I determinev B physicallyad J sleepv n C wakev n K departmentn D performancen L consciousa E unconsciousa M presentationn F undergoing现分 a 动名N linked过分 a G experiencev n O emotionallyad H overprep ad a v 40 此处缺少动词性质词 本句为一般现在时 wake sleep一对反义词J sleep 41 adv physically emotionally一对反义词O emotionally Infact dreamemotionscanhelprealtherapiststreatpatients42traumaticlifeevents Inastudyof30divorcedadults Cartwrighttrackedtheirdreams43afive monthperiod shediscoveredthosewhowereangriestatthespousewhiledreaminghadthebestchanceofsuccessfullycopingwithdivorce A dealwithv I determinev B physicallyad J sleepv n C wakev n K departmentn D performancen L consciousa E unconsciousa M presentationn F undergoing现分 a 动名N linked过分 a G experiencev n O emotionallyad H overprep ad a v 42 分词作定语 只有F undergoing 43 介词 在时间名词前 只有H over Iftheirdreamswerebland Cartwrightsays theyhadn tstartedtoworkthroughtheiremotionsand44thedivorce Fortherapists thisfindingwillhelp45ifthedivorcedneedcounselingorhavealreadydreamedtheirtroublesaway A dealwithv I determinev B physicallyad J sleepv n C wakev n K departmentn D performancen L consciousa E unconsciousa M presentationn F undergoing现分 a 动名N linked过分 a G experiencev n O emotionallyad H overprep ad a v 44 前文有动词不定式 并列关系 动词原形A dealwith 45 动词原形或名词 if or表选择 需要做决定 I determine 本文的参考答案为 36 L37 D38 N39 K40 J41 O42 F43 H44 A45 I TestSixP65 A responsibleI compareB referenceJ methodC capacityK findD addedL abilityE indirectM usefulF successfulN BasicallyG combinedO NecessarilyH adopt a n n ed a a ed v v n v n a ad ad Asisknowntoall theorganizationandmanagementofwagesandsalariesareverycomplex TheAccountsDepartmentis36forcalculationsofpay whilethePersonnelDepartmentisinterestedindiscussionswiththeemployeesaboutpay Ifafirmwantsto37anewwageandsalarystructure itisessentialthatthefirmdecideona38ofjobevaluationandwaysofmeasuringtheperformanceofitsemployees Inordertobe39thatnewpaystructurewillneedagreementbetweenTradeUnionsandemployers Injobevaluation alloftherequirementsofeachjobaredefinedinadetailedjobdescription Eachofthoserequirementsisgivenavalue usuallyin points whichare40togethertogiveatotalvalueforthejob Formiddleandhighermanagement aspecialmethodisusedtoevaluatemanagersontheirknowledgeofthejob theirresponsibility andtheir41tosolveproblems Duetothedifficultyinmeasuringmanagementwork jobgradesformanagersareoftendecidedwithout42toanevaluationsystembasedonpoints Inattempttodesignapaysystem thePersonnelDepartmentshould43thevalueofeachjobwiththeseinthejobmarket 44 paymentforajobshouldvarywithanydifferenceinthewaythejobisperformed Whereitissimpletomeasuretheworkdone asintheworkdonewithhands monetaryencouragementschemesareoftenchosen for45workers wheremeasurementisdifficult methodsofadditionalpaymentsareemployed TheAccountsDepartmentis36forcalculationsofpay whilethePersonnelDepartmentisinterestedindiscussionswiththeemployeesaboutpay A responsibleI compareB referenceJ methodC capacityK findD addedL abilityE indirectM usefulF successfulN BasicallyG combinedO NecessarilyH adopt 此处缺少一个形容词性的成分 而且可以与for搭配A responsible Ifafirmwantsto37anewwageandsalarystructure itisessentialthatthefirmdecideona38ofjobevaluationandwaysofmeasuringtheperformanceofitsemployees A responsibleI compareB referenceJ methodC capacityK findD addedL abilityE indirectM usefulF successfulN BasicallyG combinedO NecessarilyH adopt 37 动词原形 pare2 find3 adoptH adopt 根据意思 38 名词 而且可以与 a 搭配 1 capacity2 ability3 reference4 methodJ method Inordertobe39thatnewpaystructurewillneedagreementbetweenTradeUnionsandemployers Injobevaluation alloftherequirementsofeachjobaredefinedinadetailedjobdescription Eachofthoserequirementsisgivenavalue usuallyin points whichare40togethertogiveatotalvalueforthejob A responsibleI compareB referenceJ methodC capacityK findD addedL abilityE indirectM usefulF successfulN BasicallyG combinedO NecessarilyH adopt 形容词 useful successful indirect added combined F successful 意思 动词 ed形式 added combined total 相加 总 D added Formiddleandhighermanagement aspecialmethodisusedtoevaluatemanagersontheirknowledgeofthejob theirresponsibility andtheir41tosolveproblems Duetothedifficultyinmeasuringmanagementwork jobgradesformanagersareoftendecidedwithout42toanevaluationsystembasedonpoints A responsibleI compareB referenceJ methodC capacityK findD addedL abilityE indirectM usefulF successfulN BasicallyG combinedO NecessarilyH adopt 名词 solveproblem ability capacityL ability capacity 理解 接受能力 名词 withoutreferenceto B reference Inattempttodesignapaysystem thePersonnelDepartmentshould43thevalueofeachjobwiththeseinthejobmarket 44 paymentforajobshouldvarywithanydifferenceinthewaythejobisperformed Whereitissimpletomeasuretheworkdone asintheworkdonewithhands monetaryencouragementschemesareoftenchosen for45workers wheremeasurementisdifficult methodsofadditionalpaymentsareemployed A responsibleI compareB referenceJ methodC capacityK findD addedL abilityE indirectM usefulF successfulN BasicallyG combinedO NecessarilyH adopt 动词 原形 搭配withfind compareI compare 状语 副词 Basically Necessarily必须地 意思 O 形容词 比较workdonewithhands indirect TestSeven A characterI recallB practicalJ similarlyC loseK changeD expectL popularE professionalM individualityF ordinaryN differentlyG getO inspireH skill Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividuality yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform Whyareuniformsso36intheUnitedStates Amongtheargumentsforuniforms oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmore37thancivilianclothes Peoplehavebecomeconditionedto38superiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform Thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsauniformtendsto39moretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes Faithinthe40ofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform Whataneasierwayisthereforanurse apoliceman abarber orawaiterto41professionalidentitythantostepoutofuniform Uniformsalsohavemany42benefits Theysaveonotherclothes Theysaveonlaundrybills Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossof43experiencedbypeoplewhomustwearthem Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit without44 untilretirement Whenpeoplelookalike theytendtothink speak andact45 onthejobatleast 36 形容词 so 37 形容词 morethan 38 动词 beconditionedtobesth习惯于 39 动词 tendstodo 40 名词 the of 41 动词 todo stepoutofuniform 42 形容词43 名词 lossof variety 44 名词 without anyparticulartype 45 副词 alike TestEightP89 Nowadays isitpossibletotellaperson sclassjustbylookingathim Physicaldetails36tellusabouthealth dietandtypeofworkdone Ahundredyearsago theworkingclassesveryoftenlookedunhealthy smallandwereeithertoothinortoofat Theupperclasseswereoften37 sportingtypeswhowereusedtoagooddietandlookedhealthy Todaylivingandworkingconditionshaveimproved andsuch38wouldnolongerbesotrue Theclothespeoplechoosetowear however doprovideinformationabouttheir39 Themostobviouswayistheamountofmoneyspentonthem Expensiveclotheslookexpensiveandshowtheirwearerisrich Clothescanprovideother40aswell Theupperclasses41tobelessinterestedinfashionandweargoodqualityclothesinnon brightcolors madeofnaturalmateriallikewool leatherorcotton Lowerworkingclasspeopleoftenchooseclothesinbrightcolors madeofman madematerial Asociologicalexplanationforthiswouldbethatcolorandinterestaremissingfromtheirlives andthereforeanyopportunitytointroducethisis42 Clothesare43atapricewithinmostpeople sreach Newclothesmakethewearerfeelgood andshowsome44ofwealthtotheoutsideworld Todaysomenewfashionsarestartedbythelowerworkingclasspeoplewhowanttolook45andfeelimportant Theywantpeopletolookatthem 36 副词37 形容词 small相反 38 名词 such指代 39 名词40 名词 information相近 41 动词 与下一句lower upperclasses 42 动词ed vopportunity 动宾43 形容词 reach 44 名词 不可数 some 45形容词 newfashions feelimportant TestNineP101 A detectionI averageB developingJ sharedC reasonK monitorD distributedL resultsE dramaticallyM symbolsF includingN consequentlyG symptomsO commonH basis Itisthefirstquestionparentsaskwhentheirchildisdiagnosedwithautism 自闭症 Willhisfuturebrothersorsistershaveahigherriskof36it too Accordingtothelargeststudyofsiblingsinfamilieswithautism theanswerisyes Among664childrenwhohadatleastoneoldersiblingwiththedevelopmentaldisorder the37riskofautismwasnearly19 38higherthanprevioussibling recurrenceestimatesthatwereanywherefrom3 to10 Kidswithmorethanoneolderautisticsiblinghadanevenhigherriskofthedisorder 32 The39suggestthatgenesplayakeyroleinautismrisk Buttheyalsohintthatotherenvironmentalfactors40bysiblings likeinfluencesinthewomb maybeimportantaswell Onthe41ofthefindings theresearchersrecommendthatdoctorsclosely42youngersiblingsofautisti