中石油职称考试《通用英语》2013版学习笔记.doc

2013中石油职称英语考试阅读60篇 学习心得长城钻探压裂公司 姜鑫 重新整理 感谢王东东、石油人论坛40 An Introduction to Petrochemicals 石油化工产品概述课后练习：1. The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry and is considered by some _ a mature industry. A to be B / C is D be2. The chemical industry _ very heavily _ petroleum.A depend, on B depends, on C depending, with D depending, as3. It is likely _ in excess of 90% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are _ these sources. A which, derived from B which, derive from C that, derive from D that, derived from4. The _ of materials such as petrochemicals is used to indicate the source of the chemical compounds. A classify B classified C classification D classic5. For example, the various reactions of petroleum heavy ends, in particular the asphaltenes, indicate that these materials may be regarded _ chemical entities and are able to participate _ numerous chemical or physical conversions to, perhaps, more useful materials. A in, as B to, with C as, in D with, to6. The petroleum era was_ in by the 1859 finding at Titusville, Pennsylvania, but the flourishing of chemicals from petroleum has been only since the early twentieth century.A used B ushered C usher D push7.Natural gas is quite _ in composition, but the major constituent (60%) is methane. A viable B variable C variety D vary8. However, as is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also _ to meet changing technological needs. A revolve B involve C evolve D solve9.The manufacture of chemicals or chemical intermediates from petroleum and natural gas constituents _an excellent example of the _of such materials to more valuable products. A is, conversion B are, conversion C be, convert D was, conversation10.The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that _, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, _now very extensive. A is, is B are, is C are, are D is, are11.Gasoline, kerosene, fuel oils. Lubricating oils, waxes, asphalts, and the like are _ from the definition of petrochemicals, since they are not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures of hydrocarbons. A included B excluded C concluded D abstract12. For example, the sulfonated and sulfomethlated materials and their derivatives have satisfactorily_ tests as drilling mud thinners, and the results are comparable to those obtained with commercial mud thinners. A undergone B undergo C gone D underwent13.Reactions incorporating nitrogen and phosphorus into the asphaltenes are particularly significant at a time when the effects on the environment of many materials containing these elements are receiving _ attention. A consider B considerate C consideration D considerable14.Other parameters, particularly the economics of the reaction sequences, including the costs of the reactant equipment, must also _ consideration. A take into B taken into C be taken into D to take into答案：1A 2B 3D 4C 5C 6B 7B 8C 9A 10B 11B 12A 13D 14C41. The Subject of Smiling微笑问题课后练习：1. The number of people who actually returned the smile on one hand.A. could be contedB. could counted C. could be counted by2. After trying different methods to get her to smile, a Minister an idea.A. countless; came up to B. countless; came up withC. countable; came up with3. The Zhou Emperor tried this idea and, sure enough, it made the beautiful woman .A. to laugh B. laughing C. laughD. laughs4. there was an Emperor named Tang Ming Huang who one of his concubines.A. In the 8th centuries AD; doted onB. On the 8th century AD; doted onC. In the 8th century AD; dote onD. In the 8th century AD; doted on5. However, a tragic ending to the life of this beautiful concubine when a few Generals the Emperor.A. came about; rise up againstB. came to; rose up againstC. came about; rose up againstD. came into; rose up against6. I remember , I interviewed the Vice President of a high class hotel, was state runA. in the 1980s; whichB. on the 1980s; whichC. in the 1980s; thatD. in 1980s; which7. The attitude of the hotel staff was usually downbeat and smiles were hard to come by.A. extremeB. extremelyC. extremityD. extremes8. After all, my employees are people too, why would they want to smile a guest they had reason to?A. in; unless B. at; unlessC. of; becauseD. out; so9. They make you welcome.A. feltB. to feelC. feelingD. feel10. Theyre . They act as lifes pretty good.A. approachable; thoughB. approach; thoughC. approachable; throughD. inapproachable; though温馨提示：在职称考试中，第一部分就是“词汇”，共20题，每题1分，合计20分。其中，“动词词组”是考核的重点之一，而“副词和形容词”也同样是考核的重点。本课出现了一些“动词词组”，即动词与介词或副词的固定搭配，还有一些比较常用的副词与形容词，在学习时，希望能引起大家的重视。由于赶进度，难免有错误，请大家见谅并提出指正。42 A $210,000 WALLET 价值21万美元的钱包课后练习：1. Buffett _ his 20-year-old wallet on December 3,1999 and received a high bid of $210,000 which went to a charity, Girls Inc. of Omaha. A. cautioned B. auctioned C. action D. authorized2. The wallet survived the dunking in a Minnesota lake after a fishing boat capsized _ Buffett dogpaddling. A. left B. leave C. leaving D. leaves3. It _ to be First Industrial Realty Trust. A. was turned out B. was turned in C. turned in D. turned out4. Susie, who _ the auction idea, is Buffetts daughter. A. came out B. came up C. came up with D. took up5. _ do well-diggers source the Journal about a stock tip in an old billfold. A. How much B. How many C. How often D. What often6. Norma Deeb, executive director of Girls Inc., recalls how she thanked Buffett for _ for Dr. Angelou. A. stopped by B. stepped on C. stepping in D. stepped in答案：1B 2C 3D 4C 5C 6C43. Whats Your Best Time of Day? 何时是你一天中最佳的时间？课后练习：1. Her mood is also darker, especially when she in the morning; it takes all her energy just to drag herself out of bed.A. awakensB. awake C. wakeD. waken2. Joseph, engineer for a Midwestern computer company, feels cranky early in the morning.A. a 48-year-oldB. a 48-years-oldC. 48-year-old3. The peaking of body temperature, occurs in most people every evening, is a daily rhythm.A. whichB. thatC. soD. while4. The increase in sexual drive in the autumnnot in the spring, as poets would is a seasonal, or yearly rhythm.A. have us believeB. have us to believeC. has us believe5. The idea that our bodies are in flux is fairly newand goes traditional medical training.A. constant; againstB. contract; againstC. content; againstD. constant; into5. As early as , however, some scientists questioned the homeostatic view of the body.A. the 1940sB. the 1940C. a 1940s6. For example, the time of day a person receives X-ray or drug treatment for cancer can affect treatment benefits and ultimately mean the difference between life and death.A. thatB. whenC. whichD. where7. Gradually had been considered a minor science just a few years ago is being studied in major universities and medical centers around the world.A. where B. whatC. whoD. that8. There are even chronobiologists the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, for the National Institutes of Health and other government laboratories.A. work for; as well asB. working for; as well asC. working for; as early asD. working; as well as9. With their new findings, they are teaching us things that can literally change our lives, so we can our natural rhythms against them.A. work for; rather thanB. work with; rather thanC. work with; ratherD. work to; rather than10. How you feel, how well you work, your level of alertness, your sensitivity to taste and smell, the degree with you enjoy food or take pleasure musicall are changing throughout the day.A. which; ofB. which; inC. that; in（that前不有用介词）11. Your short-term memory is best during the morningin fact, about 15 percent more efficient than .A. at any time of day B. at other time of dayC. at any other time of day 12. Late in the day, when your body temperature is peaking, you will perceive a physical workout to be and .A. easy; less fatiguingB. easier; fatiguingC. easier; less fatiguing13. That could be dinner usually tastes better to us than breakfast and night lights irritate us.A. that; thatB. what; whatC. why; why 14. Not only time seem to fly when youre having fun, it also seems to fly even fester if you are having that fun in the late afternoon and early evening, when your body temperature is also peaking.A. does; andB. do; butC. does; but15. Learn how to listen to the inner beats of your body; let them the pace of your day.A. settingB. to setC. Set温馨提示：在 - 两个短横之间的文字与 , 两个逗号之间的文字一样，是补充说明的内容，省略它们不会影响句子的完整性及所要表达的意思44 Fundamental Techniques in Handling People 处理人际关系的基本技巧课后练习：1. On the morning of April 15, 1865, Abraham Lincoln lay _in a hall bedroom of a cheap lodging house A. die B. dying C. dyeing D. died2. One of these letters _ resentments that burned for a lifetime. A. rose B. arose C. raised D. aroused3. Shields, _ and proud, boiled with indignation. A. sense B. sensible C. sensitive D. senseless4. He was opposed to dueling, but he couldnt _ it and save his honor. A. get into B. get away C. get off D. get out of5. That was the most lurid personal _ in Lincolns life. A. accident B. incident C. coincidence D. incentive6. Never again did he write an _ letter. A. insulting B. insulted C. consulting D. resulted7. Do you know someone you _ to change and regulate and improve? A. had better B. would rather C. would like D. had rather8. I am all in _ of it. A. favorable B. favor C. favorite D. favored9. If you and I want to stir up a resentment tomorrow that may rankle across the decades and endure until death, just let us indulge in a little stinging criticism-no matter how certain we are that it is _. A. satisfied B. qualified C. justified D. identified答案：1B 2D 3C 4D 5B 6A 7C 8B 9C45. Happiness Index幸福指数课后练习：1. , whose study the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, Mass.A. have just been published byB. has just been published byC. has just published byD. has just been published2. With that data, they found which factors are associated greater happiness.A. withB. inC. toD. of3. Extra money does buy some happiness. But it is not as much as many would .A. surroundB. surpriseC. succeedD. suspect4. A 16-year-old has a lower level of well-being in adulthood.A. whose parents divorcedB. who parents divorcedC. whose parent divorcedD. whose parents divorce5. Blanchflower suspects the decline in the happiness level of Americans from the early 1970s to the late 1990s, rising incomes, may the rise in divorce.A. despite; be attributed ofB. despite; be attributed toC. despite; is attributed to (may+原形，因此C错)D. despite; be attracted to6. Womens sense of well-being, .A. though higher than that of men, but has fallen noticeablyB. through higher than that of men, has fallen noticeablyC. though higher than that of men, has fallen noticeably7. Perhaps people their circumstances, relinquish some unfulfilled aspirations by the middle of their lives, and enjoy life more.A. adapt to B. adopt in C. adapt inD. adopt into温馨提示：the +adj. 特指某类人，如the poor 穷人。本课中有those surveyed 被调查对象、the educated 受教育多的人，those less educated受教育少的人，因此再看到这样的组合就不难理解了。46 Becoming Wealthy: Its Up to You 致富取决于你自己课后练习：1.Critics often speak of the rich with none-too-subtle_, as if those at the very top of the income ladder are all dishonest people or as if becoming rich is difficult and means others must become poorer.A disappointment B disappear C disdain D disadvantage2.While we would be the first to admit that some rich people are dishonest, we must add that achieving the status of the rich (defined, say, by having a net worth of $1,000,000) is not particularly difficult, _ popular wisdom. A compared to B contrary to C contract to D complicated by3. This fact suggests that becoming rich for most Americans is a matter of _.A choose B chose C choice D chosen4. One of the rules for being rich is to avoid _ temptations. A fright B frivolous C enormous D friendly5. That is easier said than done and we do not necessarily recommend that all people _a pure and joyless life.A to lead B make C should lead D should make 6.We mean only to point out that the great majority of those four percent of Americans who _ $1.000,000 in net worth get to _ they are because they control their pleasures. A has/ where B have/ where C had/ where D have/what7.For example, rich Americans buy cars that are on average only slightly more expensive than _ less wealthy Americans buy.A that B those C these D the8. Being able to save and accumulate _ wealth is not automatic.A considerate B comfortable C considerable D many9.People must have a reasonable income in order to save amounts that will _ wealth, which requires several auxiliary rules for achieving an income level that will allow for a minimum saving level. A make of B make for C make in D make out10. For those without inheritance, special talents, or good ideas, becoming rich means _ an education. A to get B getting C to getting D giving11. The income of high school dropouts is about two-thirds _ of Americans with a high school diploma. A / B as C that D those12.To have a good chance at being rich, though, most individuals (_the lucky ones) will need at least a college education, which just about will double their incomes over what they would have earned with only a high school diploma. A as B for C aside for D as to13.A professional degree will _an average annual income of about twice that of college graduates (or six times die income of a high school dropout). A result from B result in C result D resultant14.This means that those who _ in education do not have to save as high a percentage of income to become rich _ retirement. A pay/at B cost/ upon C invest/ at D spend/ on15.However, in all probability, educated Americans will be richer at retirement simply because they will be able to save more along the way and because they are likely to be smarter and can achieve a higher rate of _on their savings. A turn B return C retell D turning 16.College costs have been rising steadily _ family income level for more than a decade. A related to B relating to C relative to D relationship to17.Meanwhile, the cost of self-education _ the multitude of sources of knowledge and information available on CD-ROMs and the Internet. A is fallen with B fell as C has fallen with D is felt by18.Teachers will find getting rich tougher than engineers, _the former can expect to earn half as much over their careers. A giving B give C given what D given that19.For that matter, history and music professors can expect to earn a lot less than their students who _ business. A major in B minor in C majors at D minors at 20. By itself, marriage seems to provide a stable institutional setting that promotes greater earnings, which _ greater savings. A offers B afford C affords D affording21.Married couples not only earn more than non-married people, they tend to_ on the costs of running their households, allowing them to save and invest at higher rate.A economy B economic C economize D ecology22.Most will drink, inject, or smoke up whatever incomes they earn; their suppliers undoubtedly will get rich at the _ of their customers-the addicts. A except B defense C expensive D expense 23.As we have noted, choosing to become rich requires _ that many people quite rationally have chosen not to make. A sack B sacred C sacrifices D suffice 24.One can lead a life rich _ satisfaction and accomplishment without becoming rich financially, and nothing we have written here is meant to suggest otherwise. A at B for C in D with答案：1C 2B 3C 4B 5C 6B 7B 8C 9B 10B 11C 12C 13B 14C 15B 16C 17C 18D 19A 20C 21C 22D 23C 24C47 Oil 石油课后练习1. The existence of oil wells _ for a long time.A. have been known B. is known C. has been known D. is being known2. Some of the Indians of North America _ collect and sell the oil from the wells of Pennsylvania.A. used to B. is used to C. use to D. is using to3. This led to the development of