美国英语教材 7.doc

Supplementary material March 20112011-03-07Lesson 7 考试1. Whats going to be covered on the test?考试的范围是什么?这是最正确问考试范围的说法了! 若是我们二人讨论考试, 一人说, Are you ready for the biological test tomorrow? 你就可以说, Not yet, but do you know whats going to be on? 也是问考试范围.2. The final will be a comprehensive test. 期末考是没有范围的.comprehensive 就是指没有范围的考试, 通常是考一整本书或是好几本书. 博士班资格考就是 comprehensive test. 另外 cumulative test 也常用到, 它指上次考过的范围这次也要考. 你可以问老师, Will you give a cumulative midterm? 期中考就是 midterm, 期末考就是 final. 3. Do you know where to get the old exam? 你知不知道去哪里拿考古题?考古题叫 old exam, 或者也可以说 previous exam, past exam 都可以. 老师通常很少愿意花心思去想新题目. 所以, old exam 是很有帮助的. Exam 还有很多其它的讲法, midterm (期中考) 和 final (期末考), test, quiz (测验) 或是 pop quiz ( 随堂测验)4. I dont think we can bring a cheat sheet with us. 我想我们不应该带作弊的夹带.有些考试可以带一张小抄, 通常老师会规定它的大小, 或是单面双面等等. 这张小抄就叫 cheat sheet. 5. Please turn in the tests. 请把考卷交上来。Turn in 是缴交的意思, 用 hand in 也可以. 我有一个朋友, 到了要交考卷时居然说, Please give me your test sheet. 果然很 Chinese English. 还有值得注意的是, 老美说考试卷就叫 tests, 请勿划蛇添足, 说 test sheet 或 exam sheet. 缴考卷叫 turn in the tests, 发考卷呢? 就叫 return the tests. 例如, The professor will return the tests today.6. The TA is going to explain the test today. 助教 (Teaching Assistant) 今天会来讲解考题.Explain 是讲解的意思, explain the test 讲解考题. Explain the homework 就是讲解作业. 另外, go over 也有讲解的意思, 例如, The professor will go over the test today. 7. I bombed the test. 我考砸了.Bomb 的意思是轰炸, 它在美国口语指把什么东西给搞砸了. 考试考差了, 可以说, I bombed the test. 或是你去约会, 表现的很差, 就可以说, I bombed the date.Bomb 在口语中还有一个用法, 例如 She is a bomb. 指的是她是一个很轰动的人. 不知道为什么, 这个字不是很好的字, 所以你不能跑去跟人家说, You are a bomb. 通常我们在讲到第三人时才说, She is a bomb.8. I am gonna ace it next time! 我下次要把它考好.把考试考好在英文里有固定的用法, 叫 ace the test. 如果你说 I am gonna score high in the test next time 也可以, 但不够口语化. 另外, I nailed my test. 这也是考得很好的意思!9. I dont want to study any more, I just want some easy grades! 我再也不想学习了, 我只想要一些容易到手的分数.有些课不但不考试连 homework 也没几次. 像这种很好拿的分数英文里就叫 easy grade. 例如, Just give me some easy grade! 可能是许多学生的共同心愿吧.10. Have you passed the bar exam?你通过律师资格考试了吗?在美国， 律师考试叫做 BAR exam, 医生的资格考叫 medical boards, 至于工程师又 分二种, 初级的叫 E.I.T exam, 高级的叫 P.E exam. 在美国要成为一个合格的执业律师, 除了必须读三年的法学研究所拿到 Jurisdiction doctor 的学位, 并且要通过 Bar exam 拿到合法的律师执照. Todays patterns句型练习 文章开头的句型对立法1. When asked about , most people say that But other people regard as . But I think quite differently2. When it come to , some people think that Others argue that the opposite is true There isprobably some truth in both arguments, but 3. There is a public debate today on the problem of Those who criticize argue that But people who favor on the other hand, maintain that 4. Now it is widely believed that They claim that But I wonder whether 5. To the general public But despite , I believe .文章开头首先引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后提出作者自己的不同看法，或偏向的那个看法。对立法的句型多用于有争议性的主题。 When asked about , the vast/ overwhelming majority of/ most/ many/ quite a few people say/ think/ believe/ answer that , But other people regard/ view/ see/ think of as / But I think/ view quite/ a bit differently. When asked what kind of career they will pursue upon graduation, most of the college students say that they would choose a job which will bring them a lot of money and a comfortable life. Working in a big bank or company is what they desire. But I think quite differently. I would prefer a career which will help realize my potentials. 当问起毕业后干什么，大多数学生说，他们会找一个能给他们带来许多钱和舒适生活的工作。在一家大银行或大公司里工作是他们所向往的。但是我的想法大不相同。我要选择一个能够发挥我的才能的职业。 When it comes to , some people think/believe that Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but When it comes to international sport such as the Olympic Games and the World Cup soccer game, some people believe that it creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that the international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably a little bit of truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. 当说到国际体育比赛，诸如奥林匹克运动会和世界杯足球赛，有些人认为它能增进国与国之间的友善。如果许多国家在一起比赛交流，他们就会知道怎么一起生活。但另外一些人则持相反的观点。他们认为国际体育竞赛只会造成虚假的民族自豪感，导致相互间的误解和仇恨。这两种观点可能都有点道理，但是从最近几年的奥林匹克运动会来看，很少能证明体育运动可以增进国与国之间的友好感情。 There is a general/public/ much debate/discussion/ controversy today/ nowadays on/about/ over/ as to/ the problem/issue of . Those who criticize/oppose/ object to/ argue/contend that. But people who favour/advocate , on the other hand, maintain/assert that . There is much discussion today about whether fast economic growth is desirable. Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, and the possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment. People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people. They maintain that only continued growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life and provide the financial resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industrialization. 就是否有必要快速发展经济，正在开展热烈的讨论。反方认为，我们必须放慢发展速度。他们说发展已接近某种极限！其中包括有限的自然资源供应和工业对环境造成的消极影响。然而正方则认为，即使按照目前的发展速度还是有许多穷人。他们认为经济的持续快速发展才能创造提高生活质量所必需的资本，才能提供更多的资金，来保护环境免受工业化的破坏。 Now it is widely/ commonly/ generally/ believed/ thought/ held/ accepted/ felt/ recognized/ acknowledged that They claim/ believe/ argue/ that But I wonder/ doubt whether It is commonly believed that the rise in teenage smoking is the inevitable result of economic development.They argue that if there are no cigarette advertisement on TV, no cigarettes available everywhere, and no adequate pocket money, teenagers are unlikely to take up the habit of smoking. But I doubt that it is a satisfactory explanation. While conceding the effect of advertising and other commercial factors, I think that the primary cause is social and individual rather than economic.人们普遍认为青少年吸烟人数上升是经济发展不可避免的结果。他们认为，如果电视上没有香烟广告，香烟不是到处可以买到，孩子们的零花钱不是很多的话，青少年不太可能染上吸烟的习惯。但我怀疑这是否是一个满意的解释。虽然广告和其它商业因素的影响，我认为主要原因是社会和个人的因素，而不是经济上的因素。 To the general public/ most people But despite/ in spite of/ for all , I believe/ one should To most