查理.卓别林简介.doc

查理卓别林（Charlie Chaplin 1889.4.161977.12.25），英国电影演员、导演、制片人，无声电影时期最富创造力和影响力的喜剧大师。早在一次大战前，卓别林便以表演才华征服了世界影坛，正如萧伯纳所评价的，“卓别林是电影工业时代独一无二的天才”。从童年时踏上维多利亚舞台和英国音乐堂，直到88岁生命终结那一刻，卓别林的舞台生涯持续了75年光阴，他一生共拍摄了80余部喜剧片，代表作有淘金记、城市之光、摩登时代、大独裁者、凡尔杜先生、舞台生涯等。这些影片反映了卓别林从一个普通的人道主义者到一位伟大的批判现实主义艺术大师的过程。卓别林以其精湛的表演艺术，对下层劳动者寄予深切同情，对资本主义社会的种种弊端进行辛辣的讽刺。同时，卓别林高调的公共形象与私人生活饱受谄媚与争议。50年代麦卡锡时期，卓别林因左翼倾向被迫移居欧洲。60年代晚期，卓别林完成最后一部影片香港女伯爵，健康状况逐渐下降。1972年，卓别林获得奥斯卡终身成就奖。1977年的圣诞节，定居瑞士Vevey的卓别林在熟睡中悄然离世。Charlie Chaplin, (16 April 188925 December 1977) was an English comic actor and film director of the silent film era who became one of the best-known film stars in the world before the end of the First World War. Chaplin was one of the most creative and influential personalities of the silent-film era. Just like George Bernard Shaw called him the only genius to come out of the movie industry. His working life in entertainment spanned over 75 years, from the Victorian stage and the Music Hall in the United Kingdom as a child performer, until close to his death at the age of 88. His high-profile public and private life encompassed both adulation and controversy. Chaplins identification with the left ultimately forced him to resettle in Europe during the McCarthy era in the early 1950s. Chaplins robust health began to slowly fail in the late 1960s, after the completion of his final film A Countess from Hong Kong, and more rapidly after he received his Academy Award in 1972. Chaplin died in his sleep in Vevey, Switzerland on Christmas Day 1977. 1889年，卓别林出生在英国伦敦的一个贫民区里，他的父母是音乐厅的演员。由于父亲早亡，母亲精神失常，他被迫流浪街头。他住过孤儿院，当过马夫、小贩。14岁那年，卓别林加入流动剧团，跑遍了英国各个角落。19岁时，他当上了一个著名剧团的演员，并随团到欧洲、美国等地演出。1913年他到了美国，开始从事电影事业，并于1914年在影片威尼斯赛车记中创造了一个悲剧小人物“夏尔洛”，从此这个有特别装束的流浪汉形象风行世界70年，经久不衰。卓别林一生主演过八十多部影片，他的一些代表作品，如安乐狗、狗的生涯、寻子遇仙记、淘金记、城市之光、摩登时代、大独裁者等，总是寄同情于穷人，而嘲弄那些富人。他的作品具有独特的艺术风格，他的喜剧性的表演令人捧腹大笑，但是又使人笑后感到泪水的苦味，充满了对受压迫受欺凌的人们的同情。 卓别林在美国居住了近40年，第二次世界大战后，由于他参加进步的文化活动而受到美国麦卡锡主义的迫害。1952年他怀着满腔愤恨，带着妻子儿子离开美国回到英国。以后长期定居在瑞士洛桑附近的韦威，直到逝世。1977年12月25日凌晨4时，世界著名的幽默大师查理卓别林，在瑞士洛桑附近的韦威逝世，终年88岁。Charles Chaplin was a Painter and engraver born in Andelys on June 8th 1825. He was best known for his sentimentally graceful portrayals of young girls, in truth, with more success than Francois Boucher whose son he studied with in England. He was not a naturalized Frenchman, rather, settling there in 1886. He studied under Drolling, making his debut at the Salon with portraits and landscape scenes. His earlier works were notable for their powerful and strong naturalism, although Chaplin completed a great many works in his early days, including floral studies which he showed at the Salon des Fleurs, and a large canvas Un Reve for Prince Demidoff, it wasnt long before he modified his style. He settled on the genre that was to establish him as a painter of some note, as we see here, more feminine and graceful portraiture.He worked in brilliant yet delicate colors and gained many prizes during his career, beginning with a 3rd class medal in 1851, a 2nd class at the Annual Suivante and a 1st class medal in 1865. He was awarded the Legion dHonneur in 1879 becoming an Officer in 1881. This scene is typical of the kind of works that established this artist and was one he repeated many times in various guises. The enchanting young girl poses with a basket of roses on her arm. She wears a delicate dress of the finest silk for the sitting which was possibly a commission from one of the noble families that became his patrons. It is a delightful scene and surely one of the most commercial works the artist ever completed.Chaplins work has withstood the test of time and remains as popular today as indeed it was during his long and successful career. His works can be seen in the Museums of Bayeux, Bayonne, Bourges, Mulhouse, Rouens and Saintes.Charles Chaplin made Limelight at the most troubled period of his adult career. In the late 1940s, America¹s Cold War paranoia reached its peak, and Chaplin, as a foreigner with liberal and humanist sympathies, was a prime target for political witch-hunters. It did not help that he had recently been cited in an unseemly paternity suit. Pilloried as he was by the right-wing press and reactionary institutions like the American Legion, it seemed that America had turned against the man it had once idolised.In this atmosphere, his 1947 film, Monsieur Verdoux, with its sardonic view of war, was attacked as being anti-American. Not surprisingly, then, in choosing his next subject he deliberately sought escape from disagreeable contemporary reality. He found it in bitter-sweet nostalgia for the world of his youth - the world of the London music halls at the opening of the 20th century, where he had first discovered his genius as an entertainer.His story concerns a once-famous comedian who has lost the ability to command his audience. Chaplin said that he based the character on real-life stage personalities whom he had seen lose their gifts and their public - the American black-face comedian Frank Tinney (1878-1940) and the Spanish clown Marceline (1873-1927) with whom he had himself worked as a boy. Clearly he was also thinking of his own present bitter experience of a faithless public.Chaplin spent more than two years writing Limelight. His method was remarkable, and unique in his work. As a preliminary, he wrote the story in the form of a full-length novel - some 100,000 words long and entitled Footlights. The novel - never published or apparently even intended for publication - relates the story as it appears in the finished film, but in addition includes two separate biographies of Calvero and Terry, detailing their lives before the action of the film proper begins.What makes these biographies so remarkable is that we can trace in them a great deal of extended autobiography, as Chaplin quite openly introduces episodes from his own life and those of his parents. Just like Chaplin¹s own father, Calvero is devastated when he discovers his wife¹s infidelity and drifts into alcoholism. In the novel, Calvero even dies in the same hospital - St Thomas on the banks of the Thames - where Charles Chaplin Senior died in 1901 at the age of only 37.The character of Terry, the young dancer, was equally clearly based on Chaplins mother, Hannah, though with reminiscences too of Chaplins first and never forgotten love, Hetty Kelly.Claire Bloom, who plays Terry, remembered that in rehearsing her, Chaplin was always recalling gestures of his mother or Hetty, and the clothes they wore. With this strong underlay of nostalgia, Chaplin was at pains to evoke as accurately as possible the London he remembered from half a century before. In this he was helped by the great Russian-born designer, Eugene Louri, who remodelled a set on the Paramount lot to look like a Victorian London street. A permanent setting of a theatre at RKO-Pathe was decorated to look like the Empire Theatre, Londons grandest music hall.For the climactic scene Chaplin planned a ballet, in which Claire Bloom - not a dancer herself - was doubled by Melissa Hayden, a star of the New York City Ballet. Since the coming of sound films, Chaplin had always composed his own music scores, with the assistance of arrangers. Exceptionally, the music for the ballet - 25 minutes, though it was reduced in the final film - had to be composed in advance. Chaplin was relieved when Melissa Hayden and her partner and fellow star Andr Eglevsky assured him that the music was suitable for choreography. The Limelight theme was to remain one of Chaplins best-loved compositions; and in 1972, twenty years after the films first release, he and his musical collaborators Ray Rasch and Larry Russell were awarded a belated Oscar for Best Original Dramatic Score.The beautiful, 20-year-old English stage actress Claire Bloom was chosen to play Terry after much soul-searching; and Chaplins son Sydney was given the secondary male role. Perhaps it was a comfort in these difficult days - and an element of the nostalgia - to have his family around him: four other children and his half-brother Wheeler Dryden also played in the film, and even his young wife Oona doubled for Claire Bloom in two brief shots. Though Chaplins public life was beset by problems, the shooting of Limelight at least was