不同生境植物开花期构件生物量的分配1.doc

实验7-8 不同生境植物开花期构件生物量的分配一、实验目的1、认识不同生境的植物生长发育过程中能量分配与权衡的生活史对策； 2、认识物种能量分配对于植物种族延续的意义；3、学习测量生物量的一般方法和统计方法。二、实验原理v 生物在生存斗争中获得的生存对策称生活史对策，包括体型大小对策、生殖对策、取食对策、迁移对策等。能量分配与权衡对策是生物在生存过程中用于一方面的能量不能再用于另一方面，即生物不可能使其生活史的每一组分都达到最大，而必须在不同的生活史组分间进行权衡，即生长和繁殖间能量输出的权衡。v 种群可以由单体生物或构件生物组成。在由单体生物组成的种群中，每一个体都是由一个受精卵直接发育而来，个体的形态和发育都可以预测，哺乳类、鸟类、两栖类和昆虫都是单体生物；构件生物是指由一个合子发育的形成一套构件组成的个体，如一株树有许多树枝，并且构件数很不相同，随着环境的变化而变化。一般高等植物是构件生物，大多数动物属单体生物。v 生物构件是指植物的根、叶、花、果实等构件或各部分组成的集合。生物生长过程中，必须对各组分进行能量分配。v 然而不同植物生物能量分配的趋势有所不同，同一植物不同种群（不同生境）反映了植物适应环境的不同生活史对策。三、实验用具和器材花期的飞扬草 电热烘箱 电子分析天平 铲子、尺子四、实验方法1、取材 (1)每组选取1种开花期入侵植物，选取有显著差异的3个生境。在每个生境中随机设置 5个 1 m2小样方, 每个样方选取4株开花植株, 共20株；注意：同一种植物选取生境的种群，每一种群取20株开花（果）的个体。生境选择：三个有显著差异的生境，如土壤潮湿度（干燥）、肥沃或贫瘠, 或光照条件如全日光照或光弱；（测量植物叶表面光强）2、统计与分析（1）测量和统计3 个种群各自的植物高度变幅、平均高度、平均生物量、个体生物量变幅、标准差、变异系数；最大值和最小值来反映观测样本的实际大小范围；平均数 (M)代表样本各性状整体水平特征；标准差 ( SD)反映样本的绝对变异度；变异系数 (CV ) 反映样本的相对变异度，变异系数是样本标准差占其相应平均数的百分数。（2）三个种群各构件生物量分配 各构件的生物量占该株总生物量的百分比作为生物量分配的数量指标，即某一构件生物量分配 = (该构件生物量 /该构件所在植株的总生物量 ) 100%。五、实验结果1、各构件数量特征分析所测三个种群植物高度及变幅、平均高度、各构件生物量、各构件生物量大小排序；生境A隧道入口处，此处光照为11600勒克斯，土壤肥沃度一般。A隧道 飞扬草各构件数据分析编号植株长（cm）叶子(g)花(g)根(g)茎(g)总质量(g)1160.01840.00480.02120.070.1144211.60.08060.01360.0080.02170.1239390.03670.01190.01150.01950.0796410.50.03590.01140.01410.02720.088659.90.03930.00940.00740.01860.07476140.06390.02270.0190.03680.1424712.30.04970.01040.01240.03050.10387.70.01680.00490.00440.00850.0346910.10.01780.00420.0060.01760.04561010.70.0330.01180.01270.0230.0805117.20.02320.00380.00470.01410.045812150.03350.01140.01450.03380.09321310.30.04980.01910.00410.0490.122147.40.02080.00470.01140.01040.0473159.60.02520.00650.00830.01560.05561610.10.01620.0050.00550.0140.04071711.20.03360.01550.00710.02670.08291813.20.01890.00260.00530.02180.048619120.03810.01130.01830.02710.09482010.60.02880.00630.01430.01610.0655最大值160.08060.02270.02120.070.1424最小值7.20.01620.00260.00410.00850.0346平均数10.9818181820.0353181818180.00984545454550.0107045454550.0263863636360.080031818182标准差2.57110453160.0188425687390.00593424018820.00552732692860.0167317416210.033422833599变异系数23.41%53.35%60.27%51.64%63.41%41.76%A隧道飞扬草各构件生物量分配编号叶子生物量分配花生物量分配根生物量分配茎生物量分配116.083916084.19580419618.53146853610524616610.976594036.45682001617.51412429346.1055276414.9497487414.4472361824.49748744440.5191873612.8668171615.9142212230.69977427552.6104417712.583668019.90629183424.89959839644.8735955115.9410112413.3426966325.84269663748.2524271810.0970873812.0388349529.61165049848.5549132914.1618497112.7167630124.56647399939.035087729.21052631613.1578947438.596491231040.9937888214.6583850915.7763975228.571428571150.655021838.29694323110.2620087330.78602621235.9442060112.2317596615.5579399136.266094421340.8196721315.65573773.36065573840.163934431443.974630029.93657505324.1014799221.987315011545.3237410111.6906474814.9280575528.057553961639.803439812.2850122913.5135135134.39803441740.5307599518.697225578.56453558532.207478891838.888888895.34979423910.9053497944.855967081940.1898734211.9198312219.3037974728.586497892043.969465659.61832061121.8320610724.58015267最大值65.0524616618.6972255724.1014799261.18881119最小值16.083916084.1958041963.36065573817.51412429平均数42.878064711.7371076713.7309163432.11729668标准差11.2262813.9368910185.57108841111.33334599变异系数26.18%33.54%40.57%35.29%A隧道 飞扬草各构件生物量大小排序编号叶子(g)编号花(g)编号根(g)编号茎(g)160.0162180.0026130.004180.008580.0168110.003880.0044140.010490.017890.0042110.0047160.01410.0184140.0047180.0053110.0141180.018910.0048160.0055150.0156140.020880.004990.006200.0161110.0232160.005170.007190.0176150.0252200.006350.007450.0186200.0288150.006520.00830.0195100.03350.0094150.008320.0217120.033570.0104140.0114180.0218170.0336190.011330.0115100.02340.035940.011470.0124170.026730.0367120.0114100.0127190.0271190.0381100.011840.014140.027250.039330.0119200.014370.030570.049720.0136120.0145120.0338130.0498170.0155190.018360.036860.0639130.019160.019130.04920.080660.022710.021210.07从飞扬草各构件数据分析，可知茎的变异系数最高，且开花期飞扬草种群的生物量分配大小为：叶茎根花。生物量分配大小为：叶茎根花2、以相关性分析对不同生境的植物各构件生物量与植株高度的关系进行分析；15相关性植株高度根生物量植株高度Pearson 相关性1.616*显著性（双侧）.004N2020根生物量Pearson 相关性.616*1显著性（双侧）.004N2020相关性植株高度茎生物量植株高度Pearson 相关性1.745*显著性（双侧）.000N2020茎生物量Pearson 相关性.745*1显著性（双侧）.000N2020相关性植株高度叶生物量植株高度Pearson 相关性1.261显著性（双侧）.267N2020叶生物量Pearson 相关性.2611显著性（双侧）.267N2020相关性植株高度花生物量植株高度Pearson 相关性1.291显著性（双侧）.213N2020花生物量Pearson 相关性.2911显著性（双侧）.213N2020通过各构件生物量与株高关系的相关性分析，可以看出根、茎、叶、花的生物量分配与株高的相关性分别为0.616，0.745，0.261，0.291，都呈正相关。叶，花生物量与植株高度在0.01水平上显著相关，茎是植物结构中最重要的营养器官之一，起着运输、支撑、储藏和合成等重要功能，为飞扬草的生殖阶段起着关键的作用。由于所选取的植物飞扬草处于开花阶段，植物将部分生物量投入到花构件中去，造成花构件的生物量大于叶生物量。3、以相关性分析不同生境的植物构件生物量分配与总生物量的关系相关性总生物量根生物量分配总生物量Pearson 相关性1.102显著性（双侧）.669N2020根生物量分配Pearson 相关性.1021显著性（双侧）.669N2020相关性总生物量叶生物量分配总生物量Pearson 相关性1-.700*显著性（双侧）.001N2020叶生物量分配Pearson 相关性-.700*1显著性（双侧）.001N2020相关性总生物量花生物量分配总生物量Pearson 相关性1-.450*显著性（双侧）.046N2020花生物量分配Pearson 相关性-.450*1显著性（双侧）.046N2020相关性总生物量茎生物量分配总生物量Pearson 相关性1.728*显著性（双侧）.000N2020茎生物量分配Pearson 相关性.728*1显著性（双侧）.000N2020通过各构件生物量分配与总生物量的相关性分析，可以看出根的生物量分配与总生物量的分配的相关性为0.102，正相关的；茎为0.728，在0.01水平上显著相关，而且为正相关；叶为-0.700，为负相关；花为-0.450，为负相关；通过这些数据可以知道，生物量的分配主要集中在根和茎上，少部分在花，叶较少。生境B沉降式广场，此处光照强度为11000勒克斯，土壤较为肥沃。编号植株长（cm）叶子(g)花(g)根(g)茎(g)总质量(g)113.50.05430.0140.00930.0310.1086212.30.04910.00510.01030.03290.0974311.70.03510.01490.01030.02280.0831418.60.39390.05320.07270.26170.7815512.40.07580.00640.01490.03640.1335614.50.20170.02170.04130.12260.3873716.30.22920.00460.04710.13060.4115810.30.09410.02630.01090.04580.17719130.05920.00390.0010.0370.10111015.50.0640.01690.00750.04290.13131121.50.23160.09820.06480.018280.4128812200.09620.01560.01740.06050.189713120.07870.01420.01880.04610.15781414.30.05430.02210.00770.03880.122915150.05150.01580.01570.03810.121116160.06140.00750.0160.03860.123517130.05790.01530.01380.03790.12491813.80.08680.02280.01270.0750.19731914.50.05960.01530.0150.04080.130720170.16910.03050.02670.12910.3554最大值21.50.39390.09820.07270.26170.7815最小值10.30.03510.00390.0010.018280.0831平均数14.8636363640.119659090910.0239272727270.0230727272730.0712209090910.23696272727标准差3.16077456770.104455909180.025817298320.0215188539280.0684094003320.20130549306变异系数21.27%87.29%107.90%93.27%96.05%84.95%生境B沉降式广场 飞扬草各构件数据分析B沉降式广场飞扬草各构件生物量分配编号叶子生物量分配花生物量分配根生物量分配茎生物量分配15012.891344388.56353591228.54511971250.410677625.2361396310.5749486733.77823409342.2382671517.9302045712.3947051727.4368231450.403071026.8074216259.30262316133.4868842556.779026224.79400749111.1610486927.2659176652.078492125.60289181510.6635682931.65504777755.698663431.11786148211.4459295331.73754557853.133822714.850367026.1547148525.86109543958.555885263.8575667660.98911968336.597428291048.7433358712.871287135.71210967332.673267331156.0937802823.7841503615.694632824.4274365431250.711649978.2235108079892461781349.873257298.99873257311.9138149629.214195181444.18226217.982099276.26525630631.570382421542.5268373213.0470685412.9644921631.461601981649.716599196.07287449412.9554655931.255060731746.3570856712.2497998411.0488390730.344275421843.9939178911.556006086.43689812538.01317791945.6006120911.706197411.4766641231.21652642047.580191338.5818795727.5126617936.3252673最大值58.5558852623.7841503615.6946328238.0131779最小值42.238267151.1178614820.9891196834.427436543平均数49.7941630410.593791949.5039617529.41810742标准差5.0561827196.2343963033.846395928.520097002变异系数10.15%58.85%40.47%28.96%B沉降式广场 飞扬草各构件生物量大小排序编号叶子(g)编号花(g)编号根(g)编号茎(g)编号叶子(g)编号花(g)编号根(g)编号茎(g)30.035190.003990.001110.0182820.049170.0046100.007530.0228150.051520.0051140.007710.03110.054350.006410.009320.0329140.0543160.007520.010350.0364170.057910.01430.010390.03790.0592130.014280.0109170.0379190.059630.0149180.0127150.0381160.0614170.0153170.0138160.0386100.064190.015350.0149140.038850.0758120.0156190.015190.0408130.0787150.0158150.0157100.0429180.0868100.0169160.01680.045880.094160.0217120.0174130.0461120.0962140.0221130.0188120.0605200.1691180.0228200.0267180.07560.201780.026360.041360.122670.2292200.030570.0471200.1291110.231640.0532110.064870.130640.3939110.098240.072740.2617从飞扬草各构件数据分析，可知花的变异系数最高，且开花期飞扬草种群的生物量分配大小为：叶茎根花。生物量大小为：叶茎花根。2、以相关性分析对不同生境的植物各构件生物量与植株高度的关系进行分析；相关性植株高度根生物量植株高度Pearson 相关性1.671*显著性（双侧）.001N2020根生物量Pearson 相关性.671*1显著性（双侧）.001N2020相关性植株高度茎生物量植株高度Pearson 相关性1.671*显著性（双侧）.001N2020茎生物量Pearson 相关性.671*1显著性（双侧）.001N2020相关性植株高度叶生物量植株高度Pearson 相关性1.601*显著性（双侧）.005N2020叶生物量Pearson 相关性.601*1显著性（双侧）.005N2020相关性植株高度花生物量植株高度Pearson 相关性1.629*显著性（双侧）.003N2020花生物量Pearson 相关性.629*1显著性（双侧）.003N2020通过各构件生物量与株高关系的相关性分析，可以看出根、茎、叶、花的生物量分配与株高的相关性分别为0.671，0.671，0.601，0.629，都呈正相关，且在0.01水平上显著相关，茎是植物结构中最重要的营养器官之一，起着运输、支撑、储藏和合成等重要功能，为飞扬草的生殖阶段起着关键的作用。由于所选取的植物飞扬草处于开花阶段，植物将部分生物量投入到花构件中去，造成花构件的生物量大于叶生物量。3、以相关性分析不同生境的植物构件生物量分配与总生物量的关系相关性总生物量茎生物量分配总生物量Pearson 相关性1-.126显著性（双侧）.598N2020茎生物量分配Pearson 相关性-.1261显著性（双侧）.598N2020相关性总生物量叶生物量分配总生物量Pearson 相关性1.262显著性（双侧）.264N2020叶生物量分配Pearson 相关性.2621显著性（双侧）.264N2020相关性总生物量花生物量分配总生物量Pearson 相关性1-.155显著性（双侧）.514N2020花生物量分配Pearson 相关性-.1551显著性（双侧）.514N2020相关性总生物量根生物量分配总生物量Pearson 相关性1.142显著性（双侧）.552N2020根生物量分配Pearson 相关性.1421显著性（双侧）.552N2020通过各构件生物量分配与总生物量的相关性分析，可以看出根的生物量分配与总生物量的分配的相关性为0.142，正相关的；茎为-0.126，为负相关；叶为0.262，为正相关；花为-0.155，为负相关；通过这些数据可以知道，生物量的分配主要集中在根和叶上，少部分在茎，花较少。生境C慧如公园路边，此处光照强度为28000勒克斯，土壤肥沃度一般。C慧如公园飞扬草各构件数据分析编号植株长（cm）叶子(g)花(g)根(g)茎(g)总质量(g)1170.10550.03460.03390.09120.2652211.10.18710.02750.08260.13510.432339.80.07190.00910.01010.03180.1229419.50.37740.07260.16040.37020.9806512.50.05570.00850.0250.07350.1627613.60.15770.01590.12790.44820.7497711.50.0580.01990.01280.0280.1187810.30.05140.00540.02230.02590.105910.80.0930.00810.0090.05280.16291014.50.11350.01670.03930.12150.2911112.60.03520.00710.01230.02840.0831214.20.0440.00970.01020.02550.08941312.30.09870.0060.03470.04520.184614110.04960.01280.01970.02890.1111513.20.04410.00830.01580.02940.097616220.24680.03040.1280.48320.8884179.30.04630.00710.02520.02130.09991811.40.05310.01230.01260.02460.10261910.30.05710.0150.01920.02720.11852010.10.0540.01360.01360.02370.1049最大值220.37740.07260.16040.48320.9806最小值9.30.03520.00540.0090.02130.083平均数13.1045454550.109668181820.0190272727270.0447272727270.119095454550.28793181818标准差3.71036352940.0994738539720.0186911058530.0498626493650.158523742060.3021831705变异系数28.31%90.70%98.23%111.48%133.11%104.95%C慧如公园飞扬草各构件生物量分配编号叶子生物量分配花生物量分配根生物量分配茎生物量分配139.7812971313.0467571612.7828054334.38914027243.280129546.36132315519.1071015531.25144576358.502847847.4043938168.21806346625.87469487438.486640837.4036304316.3573322537.75239649534.234787955.22433927515.365703754503508072.12084833917.060157459.78391357748.8626790216.7649536610.7834877823.58887953848.9523809552380952424.66666667957.090239414.9723756915.52486187832.412523021039.003436435.73883161513.5051546441.752577321142.409638558.55421686714.8192771134.216867471249.2170022410.8501118611.4093959728.523489931353.466955583.25027085618.7973997824.485373781444.6846846811.5315315317.7477477526.036036041545.184426238.50409836116.1885245930.122950821627.780279153.42188203514.4079243654.389914451746.346346357.10710710725.2252252321.321321321851.7543859611.9883040912.2807017523.976608191948.1856540112.6582278516.2025316522.95358652051.4775977112.9647283112.9647283122.59294566最大值58.5028478416.7649536625.2252252359.78391357最小值21.03508072.1208483395.52486187821.32132132平均数44.057928138.35893596215.033468533.01689707标准差10.417033544.2994837535.09549940311.80919628变异系数23.64%51.44%33.89%35.77%C慧如公园 飞扬草各构件生物量大小排序编号叶子(g)编号花(g)编号根(g)编号茎(g)110.035280.005490.009170.0213120.044130.00630.0101200.0237150.0441110.0071120.0102180.0246170.0463170.0071110.0123120.0255140.049690.0081180.012680.025980.0514150.008370.0128190.0272180.053150.0085200.013670.028200.05430.0091150.0158110.028450.0557120.0097190.0192140.0289190.0571180.0123140.0197150.029470.058140.012880.022330.031830.0719200.013650.025130.045290.093190.015170.025290.0528130.098760.015910.033950.073510.1055100.0167130.034710.0912100.113570.0199100.0393100.121560.157720.027520.082620.135120.1871160.030460.127940.3702160.246810.0346160.12860.448240.377440.072640.1604160.4832从飞扬草各构件数据分析，可知茎的变异系数最高，且开花期飞扬草种群的生物量分配大小为：叶茎根花。生物量大小为：茎叶根花。2、以相关性分析对不同生境的植物各构件生物量与植株高度的关系进行分析；相关性植株高度花生物量植株高度Pearson 相关性1.695*显著性（双侧）.001N2020花生物量Pearson 相关性.695*1显著性（双侧）.001N2020相关性植株高度根生物量植株高度Pearson 相关性1.706*显著性（双侧）.001N2020根生物量Pearson 相关性.706*1显著性（双侧）.001N2020相关性植株高度叶生物量植株高度Pearson 相关性1.732*显著性（双侧）.000N2020叶生物量Pearson 相关性.732*1显著性（双侧）.000N2020相关性植株高度茎生物量植株高度Pearson 相关性1.754*显著性（双侧）.000N2020茎生物量Pearson 相关性.754*1显著性（双侧）.000N2020通过各构件生物量与株高关系的相关性分析，可以看出根、茎、叶、花的生物量分配与株高的相关性分别为0.706，0.754，0.732，0.695，都呈正相关，且在0.01水平上显著相关，茎是植物结构中最重要的营养器官之一，起着运输、支撑、储藏和合成等