历年考试真题核心难点词汇.doc

呕血整理了两周，历年考试真题核心难点词汇，连载（一）(2007-08-25 14:44:50) 重点词汇：homogenize:/ hYmTd扽naiz/ vt. cause to become equal or homogeneous as by mixing；均质化，使（某物）成分均匀【形】 homogeneous a. 由同类部分组成的 【名】 homogeneity n. 同种，同质【构词】词头：homo- 同、相同 如 homophone n. 同音异形词； homosexual a. 同性恋的democratize: / dimTkrYtaiz/ vt. become (more) democratic; of nations 使民主化【例】democratize the administration of an organization 使一组织的管理民主化【名】 democracy n. 民主、民主政治，民主制度； democrat n. 民主主义者；（Democrat指美国民主党党员或其拥护者） democratization n. 民主化【形】democratic a. 民主的，民主政治的；民主作风的，平等的discourse: diskT:s, diskT:s n. lengthy or serious treatment of a subject in speech or writing 论文、演讲 vi. talk、preach or lecture about sth（usu at length）（通常长篇大论的）论说、宣扬或讲授某事物【例】The speaker discoursed knowledgeably on a variety of subjects 演讲者头头是道的论述了一系列问题。intimate: intimit a. having or being a very closely or friendly relationship 亲密的,私人的,秘密的； private and personal 私人的，个人的；vt make sth known to sb exp discreetly or indirectly 将某事透露给某人，（尤其指谨慎的或间接的）暗示、示意【例】She has intimated to us that she no longer wishes to be considered for the post 她已向我们透露希望不再考虑让她担任该职。【习】be/get on intimate terms with sb （渐渐）熟悉某人并关系密切【名】intimation n. 示意、暗示cater: keitY v. provide food or services，esp. at social functions 备办食物或服务（尤其指社交方面）；投合,迎合【用法】 for sb/sth 由某人/某事物提供、迎合（即主语必须是被用来迎合sb/sth的那个东西） to sth 满足某种需要或要求（即主语必须是发起迎合动作的主体）【例】TV must cater for many different tastes 电视节目必须迎合各种人的爱好。 Newspapers catering to peoples love of scandal 迎合人们爱看丑闻消息的报纸【名】catering n. 承办酒席（的行为或行业） caterer n. 承办酒席的人elevate: eliveit v. lift up，raise to a higher place or rank 举起,提拔 ； make the mind or morals better or more educated 使思想或道德更好，更有修养【例】 He has been elevated to the peerage 他已升为贵族 The teacher hoped to elevate the minds of her young pupils by reading them religious stories. 教师希望给小学生读宗教故事来提高他们的修养.【形】elevated a. 好的，高尚的 elevating a. 提高思想道德的，引人向上的【名】elevation n. 提高、被提高，高度（尤指海拔），建筑物正视图unprecedented: ?#61550;presidYntid a. 空前的【例】Science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives and, as a result, society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented. 科学和技术已经开始渗透了我们生活的各个领域；结果，社会正以空前的速度改变着resistant: rizistYnt a. relating to or conferring immunity (to disease or infection)抵抗的,反抗的【例】This new type of infection is resistant to antibiotics. 这种新的传染病对抗菌素有抗药性。【名】resistance n. 抵抗，对抗重点词汇：superb: sj u:pY:b a. 卓越的，杰出的，极好的【例】 After six months training, the whole team is in superb form. 全队经过六个月的训练竞技状态极佳。townsfolk: n. 市民, 市镇居民sandal: sndl n. 便鞋,凉鞋playgoer: pleigY奩(r) n. 爱看戏的人,常看戏的人lounge: laund抃n n. 闲逛,休闲室,长沙发 v. 闲混,懒洋洋地躺卧【例】Dont lounge around all day: do something! 别整天闲逛，做点事情吧！She is waiting for me in the departure lounge. 她在候机室等我。I dont want to lounge about town. I have other things to do. 我不想在市区闲逛。我还有别的事要做。subsidy: s宐sidi n. 补助金,津贴（尤指政府为扶持工业、资助艺术事业、平抑物价而发放的）【例】The islanders dont want to leave, and probably wouldnt if there were a subsidy to reduce freight charges. But they dont see that happening. 岛上居民不愿离开；要是有补助金使运输费用降低的话，他们很可能不会离开。但是，他们对补助金并不存奢望。【动】subsidize v. 给某人津贴或补贴lean: li:n n. 瘦肉,倾斜,弯曲 a. 瘦的,贫乏的,歉收的 v. 倚靠,倾斜,依赖【例】The little girl only eats lean pork. 这个小女孩只吃瘦肉。He leant on the back of the sofa. 他斜靠在沙发的背上。 If they dont pay soon well have to lean on them a little. 要是他们不马上付款，我们就得给他们加点压力了。 He leans towards more lighthearted subjects in his later works. 他在後期的创作中倾向於比较轻松的主题。bun: n. 小面包A、people should look for a baseline that cant work for a longer timeB、fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomassC、the ocean biomass should restored its original level. D、people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation.35、The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheriesA、management efficiencyB、biomass levelC、catch-size limits D、technological application.重点词汇：halve: h:v vt. divide sth into two equal parts 分成两半,平分,减少到一半；reduce sth by a half 减半【例】 The latest planes have halved the time needed for crossing the Atlantic. 最新型号的飞机把飞越大西洋所需的时间减少了一半。predator: predYtY n. 食肉动物；person who exploit others 奴役他人者【例】 He denounced all landlords and money-lenders as evil predators. 他痛斥所有地主和放债者都是罪恶的剥削者.【形】 predatory a. （指动物）食肉的；掠夺的，以掠夺为目的的【反】herbivore n. 食草动物 vegetarian n. 素食者prey: prei n. animal，bird etc hunted and killed by another for food 被掠食者,牺牲者 v. 捕食,掠夺,使.苦恼【习】be/fall prey to sth 被捕食，成为其他动物的捕获物；为某事物所苦，受到谋事无的折磨She was prey to irrational fears 她遭受着无端恐惧的折磨。【习】prey on sbs mind 烦扰某人Fear of the consequences preyed on her mind 她担心其后果而惴惴不安。sonar: sYun: n. 声纳装置saturate: st僘reit v. make sth very wet 浸湿或浸透某物 sth/sb with/in sth【例】We lay on the beach, saturated in sunshine. 我们躺在沙滩上, 沐浴在阳光里.【形】saturated a. 湿透的，（指溶液）饱和的【名】saturation n. 浸湿，浸透，饱和trap: trp n. device for catching animals， plan for capturing or detecting sb 圈套,陷阱； v. keep sb in a place from which he wants to move but cannot 设圈套,设陷阱【用】 sb into doing/sth 用计捕捉某人使某人上当【例】The police set a trap to catch the thief. 警察设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套。By clever questioning they trapped him into making a confession. 他们用巧妙的提问诱使他招认了。重点词汇：weird: wiYd a. （frightening because it is）unnatural，uncanny or strange 不自然的，怪异的或奇怪的（常做贬义）【例】Weird shrieks were heard in the darkness. 在黑暗中听见离奇的尖叫声.He looks like nothing on earth in those weird clothes. 他穿著奇装异服难看极了.【名】weirdie n. （口语，通常贬义）行为、衣着等奇怪的人，古怪的人eccentric n. （没有贬义）古怪的人insipid: insipid a. having almost no taste or flavour；lacking in interest or vigour乏味的,枯燥的 （常做贬义）【例】The food was rather insipid, and needed gingering up. 这食物缺少味道，需要加点作料。【名】insipidity n. 乏味，枯燥phony: fYuni （也写作phoney） a. （指某人）假装的，冒充的；（指某物）假的,伪造的； n.冒充者，赝品【例】The phony glamour of night club soon become stale and boring. 夜总会那种虚假的荣华不久便失去了新意而使人生厌。daffodil: dfYdil n. 水仙花 a. 水仙花色的massacre: msYkY n. 大屠杀；（口）（运动队的）惨败【例】The press has reported the massacre of thousands of people for their religious beliefs. 新闻界报道了那场因宗教信仰原因而对千万人的大屠杀。The game was a complete massacre; we lost 10-0. 那次比赛真是一次惨败，我们0比10输了。damn: dm a. （口）表示不满、愤怒、不耐烦等； adv. （表示不满、愤怒等）非常【例】Wheres that damn book 那本该死的书哪里去了？My damn car has broken down 我的混帐汽车坏了。You know damn well what I mean 你清清楚楚明白我的意思。【习】damn all （口）完全没有 Its damn all use you telling me that now 你现在才告诉我，管什么用！beam: bi:m n. 光线,横梁,容光焕发 v. 微笑,闪亮【例】From a sky of untarnished blue the sun beamed down upon Beijing. 阳光透过万里碧空照耀着北京城。The World Cup Final was beamed live from Britain to Japan. 世界杯决赛从英国向日本作了实况转播.【习】off（the）beam （口）不对的，错的Your calculation is way off beam. 你的计算大错特错.bombard: v. 炮击，轰炸；（以连珠炮似的问题）攻击、漫骂【例】Reporters bombarded the President with questions about his economic policy. 新闻记者提出许多有关经济政策的问题围攻总统.【用】 sb/sth with sth 用sth轰炸、攻击sb/sth重点词汇：assumption （假定；承担；呈现）是assume的名词形式；见1997年Text 2。.参consumption，2002年Text 3。assumption the mother of screw-up 臆断把事情弄糟的根源。underlying assumption 潜在的假定。grievance n.委屈, 冤情, 不平。申诉人,提出不满意见交付仲裁者。悲痛,伤心事,不幸,忧伤。因为有冤情而满怀悲痛向申诉人申诉。tardily adv. 缓慢。 形容词形式拖拉的。（谐音记忆：他地，工作是他的，所以我可以拖拉）counterpart 相似或对应的人或物）即counter+part，counter-前缀“对等”，part部分，“对等的部分”。见2000年 Passage 4 。token n. 表示, 向征, 记号, 代币 adj. 象征的, 表意的。Tears are queer tokens of happiness. 眼泪是快乐的一种奇怪的表示。reluctant （不愿的，勉强的）即re+luct+ant，re-看作“反复”，luct可看作词根lect“选择”，-ant形容词后缀，人们都不愿反反复复地作选择，所以“反复选择”不愿的。Suggestion systems can work dont be reluctant to use them.建议制度是有效的不要不愿使用它们。见1994 Passage 5 。indignation n. 愤慨, 义愤。记忆：in-dig挖（坑）-nation，挖坑藏在里面的民族，能不愤慨吗？比如老萨，呵呵。形容词形式 indignant adj. 愤怒的, 愤慨的。ponder 沉思，考虑；例ponder upon the problem仔细考虑问题theorize 建立理论，理论化；militantly 好战的；hostility 敌意，敌对。例feelings of hostility敌意重点词汇：spymaster /5spai7mB:stE/即spy+master，间谍大王、间谍组织首脑。strategic /strE5ti:dVik/（战略的；对全局起关键作用的）为strategy（战略，策略）的形容词形式，-ic为形容词后缀。strategy and tactics 战略与战术；a global strategy 全球战略。Worry more about implementation than strategy its harder to do.更多地为贯彻落实而非战略本身操心这样做更难。lay the roots for 扎根于。fascinate /5fAsineit/（使着迷，强烈地吸引），去e加名词后缀-ion即为fascination（入迷；诱惑力），去e加形容词后缀-ing即为fascinating（迷人的），另可记fascism（法西斯主义），fascist（法西斯主义的；法西斯主义者）。He was fascinated with her beauty.他被她的美貌迷住了。Fascism is a religion; the twentieth century will be known in history as the century of Fascism.法西斯主义是一种宗教；二十世纪将作为法西斯主义世纪而载入史册。据说这句话是墨索里尼说的。espionage /5espiEnidV, 5espiEnB:V/ （间谍活动）即esp(i)+ion+age，espi即espy（窥探e-=ex-出来+spy窥探），-ion与-age皆名词后缀，表“活动”。revolution /7revE5lu:FEn/（革命；旋转）是revolve（使旋转）的名词形式，“旋转”入“革命”的漩涡。revolve即re+volve，re-反复，volve词根“卷”，于是“反复卷”旋转。The heart makes a revolution, the head a reformation.感情造就革命，理智形成改革。（the head a reformation省略了makes。另如培根的名句：Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.阅读使人充实，讨论使人机敏，写作使人精确。）Folds used to be willing to wait patiently for a slow-moving stage coach, but now they kick like the dickens if they miss one revolution of a revolving door.过去人们一向乐于耐心等待慢吞吞的公共马车，可现在若错过旋转门的一次旋转，他们就乱踢一气。revolution an injustice that serves to replace as soon as possible the injustice of yesterday by the injustice of tomorrow the setting-up of a new order contradictory to the traditional one 革命能够促进尽快用明天的非正义取代昨天的非正义的一种非正义 建立一种与传统秩序相反的新秩序。Religions revolve madly round sexual questions.种种宗教都围绕着两性问题疯狂地打转。give birth to 分娩；产生；造成。He gave birth to a brilliant idea.他想到一个绝妙的主意。spook /spu:k/（幽灵；间谍）可看作sp(y)+o(o)+ok“幽灵”级的“间谍”窥探(spy)只用两只眼睛(oo)就ok了。spook something everyone is afraid of and no one believes in 幽灵人人害怕，却没人相信的东西。intelligence /in5telidVEns/（智力；情报）即intel+lig+ence，intel-即inter-（前缀，意为“在之间”=between，因后接l，故r变形为l），lig词根意为“选择”=lect（i与e元音可替换，ct=GG就是由一个大C与一个小T组成的），-ence名词后缀，故“从中挑选出所需之物的能力”智力；“从中挑选出来的东西”情报。intelligent（聪明的）intel+lig+ent形容词后缀；intelligible（可理解的，易懂的）intel+lig+ible形容词后缀。intelligence perhaps only an instinct that is mistaken 智力也许仅仅是一种被弄错的本能。Intelligence is quickness in seeing things as they are.智慧就是迅速看出事物本来面目的能力。The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function.检验一流智力的标准，就是在头脑中同时存在两种相反的想法但仍保持行动能力。influential /7influ5enFEl/（有影响的；有权势的）即in+flu+ential，in-前缀意为“到里面”=into，flu词根意为“流”=flow（flu作单词时意为“流感”，即“流行性感冒”），-ential形容词后缀，故“能流到心里面的”有影响的。名词与动词形式都是influencein+flu+ence后缀。That man is admired above all men, who is not influenced by money.不为金钱所动的人是最受崇敬的。There is a boundary to mens passions when they act from feelings; but none when they are under the influence of imagination.当人们凭感觉行动时，与激情尚隔一条界线，而受想象力驱动时则无此界线。compile /kEm5pail/（编辑；搜集）即com+pile，com-前缀“一起”，pile堆，故“把文字堆在一起”编辑；“把资料堆在一起”搜集。compiler（编辑）compil(e)+er表“人”；compilation（编纂）compil(e)+ation名词后缀表“行为”。splash /splAF/（n.v.溅）为拟声词。make a splash 炫耀财富；Diplomacy the art of jumping into trouble without making a splash.外交纵身跃入麻烦而不溅起水花的艺术。prediction /pri5dikFEn/（预言，预测）即pre+dict+ion，pre-前缀表“在前”，dict词根意为“说”，-ion名词后缀，故“在事情发生前就说的”预言，动词为predictpre+dict。available /E5veilEbl/（可用的，可得到的）。Opportunity is available for everyone, but many of them didnt know they had met with it.人人都能得到机会，但是许多人不知道自己遇到过它。mutually /5mju:tFuEl, 5mju:tjuEl/（相互地）可看作mut(e)+ual+ly，mute（哑的），-ual形容词后缀，-ly副词后缀，哑巴之间说话只能靠“相互地”交换手势，形容词为mutual（相互的）。The proper basis for marriage is a mutual misunderstandings.婚姻固有的基础是相互误解。reinforce /7ri:in5fC:s/（增援，加强）即re+inforce，re-前缀“再”=again，inforce即enforce（加强），故“再次加强”加强。reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土。distribution /7distri5bju:FEn/（分发）即dis+tribut+ion，dis-前缀“分离”=apart，tribut词根“给”，-ion名词后缀，故“给出去”分发。Of great riches there is no real use, except it be in the distribution.巨大的财富除了散布，没有真正的用途。dramatic /drE5mAtik/（戏剧性的；引人注目的；剧烈的）即drama+tic，drama戏剧、剧本，-tic形容词后缀，表“具性质”。Has anyone ever seen a dramatic critic in the daytime? Of course not. They come out after dark, up to no good.有谁在白天见过戏剧批评家吗？当然没有。他们天黑才露面，不做什么好事情。take pride in 以为骄傲。emergence /i5mE:dVEns/（显现）为emerge的名词形式，emerge即e+merge，e-=ex-，表“出来”，merge意为“结合，兼并”，故“从兼并状态中出来”显现。emergency（紧急情况，突然事件）e+merg(e)+ency名词后缀。Truth emerges more readily from error than from confusion.在错误中比在混乱中更容易出真理。Coward is one who in a perilous emergency thinks with his legs.懦夫就是在危急时刻用两条腿思考的人。revive /ri5vaiv/（v.恢复；复苏）即re+vive，re-前缀“回”，vive词根“活的”，故“回到活的状态”复苏。Any great work of art is great because it creates a special world of its own. It revives and readapts time and space.任何伟大的艺术品之所以伟大，是由于它创造了自己特有的世界。它再现并重新改写了时空。nonconformist /5nCnkEn5fCmist/（不合传统规范的；不合传统规范的人）即non-（前缀，“不”）+conform（遵守）+ist（“的”或“的人”）。重点词汇：paraphrase /5pArEfreiz/（n.v.释意）即para+phrase，para-前缀表“在旁边、辅助”，phrase即“短语；用短语表达”，故“用短语辅助表达”释意。以para-为前缀的单词还有paragraph（文章的段、节；短评）para+graph写；parameter（参数）para+meter计量；parasite（寄生虫）para+site地点。guangxian注：与真题文章开头paraphrase时引用的Edmund Burke的话相类似，在布鲁斯威利斯(Bruce Willis)主演的2003年影片Tears of the Sun结尾时整屏显示的是：“The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. Edmund Burke”。guangxian：然而至今尚无任何证据表明Edmund Burke曾说过这些“名言”。biomedical /7baiEu5medikEl/（生物医学的）bio生物+medic医疗+al形容词后缀。respond /ris5pCnd/（v.回复；响应）即re+spond，re-(=back)，spond词根“请求”，于是“回复请求”响应。One of the few experiences which never pall is the experience for watching ones own interests, responds to new stimuli, and develops new thoughts.令人永不生厌的不多的几种体验之一，是观察自己的头脑，看它是如何产生新的兴趣、对新的刺激作出反应及发展新的思想。（stimuli是stimulus的复数形式。）advocate /5AdvEkit/（v.提倡n.倡议者；辩护人）即ad+voc+ate，ad-前缀表“加强”，voc词根意为“声音”（即voice，因为元音可任意增减替换），-ate为动词后缀（作名词后缀时表“人”）。argument /5B:jumEnt/（辩论；论据，论点）为argue（v.辩论；主张）的名词形式。Never argue at the dinner table, for the one who is not hungry always gets the best of the argument.绝不要在餐桌上争论，因为肚子不饿的人总是占上风。Truth is always the strongest argument.事实永远是最强有力的论据。argument the longest distance between two points of view an event that leaves either party convinced that he is more correct 争论两种观点之间的最远距离 一个使双方都确信自己更正确的事件。allegation /7Ali5eiFEn/（宣称）即al+leg+ation，al-前缀表“加强”，leg词根意为“说”（如legendleg说+end名词后缀表“物”人们都在说的东西传奇），-ation名词后缀。allege为其动词形式。perplex /pE5pleks/（使困惑，使复杂化）即per+plex，per-前缀表“完全”，plex词根意为“重叠”，故“完全重叠在一起分不清了”困惑。同根词为complexcom一起+plex重叠在一起的复杂的；综合的；联合体。brochure /brEu5FjuE/（小册子）源自法语，词形与brother相似兄弟们每人手里拿着本小册子。immunization /7imju:nai5zeiFEn/（免疫作用）immune（免疫的；免除的），immunity（免疫；免除），immunize（使免疫；使免除）。Immuneim+mun+e，im-=in-表“否定”（因后接字母m，故in-变形为im-），mun（本为词根，此不论）可分解为mu+n读作“母牛”最初为防天花而施行的最有效的免疫法即是在奶牛身上试验出来的，故谓之“种牛痘”。vaccine /5vAksi:n/（疫苗）即vacc(a)+ine，vacca是拉丁文“牛”（开头两字母V和A表带角牛头），-ine后缀多用于医药名词（如medicine），该词是当初科学家发表“牛痘”论文时创造的。vaccination /7vAksi5neiFEn/（接种疫苗）vaccin(e)+ation名词后缀。vaccine a microbe with its face washed 疫苗洗过脸的微生物。epidemic /7epi5demik/（流行