2009年高考英语第二轮热点专题复习.doc

2009年高考英语第二轮热点专题复习-名词和冠词北大附中河南分校高三应届王萍一、高考考查内容定位名词在高考中占有重要地位，从2007年和2008年高考中可以看出，各省市试卷几乎都涉及到对名词的考查。涉及的内容主要有：抽象名词具体化、名词的可数与不可数问题、名词作定语、名词所有格、名词词义辨析以及常见名词的固定搭配等。冠词也是高考英语的常考点，主要考查考生对冠词的基本用法的理解和掌握情况，冠词包括定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词。此外，还涉及很多冠词与名词共同考查的问题。冠词与名词有三种表现形式：即定冠词与单数可数名词可表示类指；不定冠词与单数可数名词也可表示类指；零冠词与可数名词的复数表示类指。二、高考考查内容揭密（一）抽象名词的具体化与冠词1.抽象名词具体或特定时，前面应有不定冠词。（1）表示某种特性、状态、行为的具体表现，常用a/an+抽象名词；a/an+adj.+抽象名词的形式表示具体行为、一个方面。如：A pity/pleasure/surprise/success/failure/shame/an honor等；A bright future, a strong character, a great help, a length of one metre ,a waste of time,等。（2）状态、思维行为的一次、一种、一类、一顿，常与have/take/get等词搭配。如：take a look/have a sleep/have a life/die a death/get a high opinion/make an apology/take a great interest等。经典考题It is often said that _teachers have _very easy life. (2005北京卷)A. 不填；不填 B. 不填；a C. the；不填 D. the ；a解析 B 根据句意：（人们）常说老师过着简朴的生活。抽象名词life在此处明显被具体化了，因此，第二空与前后构成have a very easy life过着简朴的生活。第一空为名词的复数表示的类指。（3）表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人和事等。She is a success in cause but a failure in marriage.2.抽象名词有前置或后置修饰语时，前面用不定冠词，使之具体化。如：A happy life, a good education in that university, a wide knowledge of nature 等。注意：抽象名词表示泛指时一般不与冠词连用。如：what fun, fine weather, common knowledge, foreign trade。但如受of 短语修饰或在上下文中给予限定特指时，则在名词前加the经典考题 If you grow up in _large family ,you are more likely to develop_ ability to get on well with_ others.(2005江西卷)A./;an ; the B. a ;the ; / C. the ;an ;the D. a ;the ;the解析 B 抽象名词ability被后置定语to get on well with _others 修饰，故抽象名词ability须具体化表特指即在其前加the 。而下文的others 强调泛指。第一空其实也是泛指一个大家庭。（二）冠词有无意义不同有无冠词含义有别，这种现象常常是一些固定搭配，学习时可通过对比记忆。如：out of question 毫无疑问的/out of the question 不可能的；take place 发生/take the place(of) 代替；two of them 他们中的两个/the two of them 他们两个；by day 在白天/by the day 按天计算；on earth 究竟/on the earth 在地球上等。经典考题 This book tells_ life story of John Smith, who left_ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.(2005辽宁卷)A. the ;the B. a ;the C. the ;不填 D. a ;不填解析C 考查定冠词的有无含义不同与特指的用法。第一空为特指，强调John Smith的生活故事。第二空仍考查leave the school与leave school的区别。前者强调离开后可能会再来，后者强调不再回来：与学校说再见。故根据句意leave school符合此题语境。（三）名词的数和所有格名词的数主要包括名词的可数或不可数、可数名词的单复数问题、名词的类指以及名词复数的使用。1.可数名词的单复数（1）可数名词复数形式的基本变化：（2）不可数名词一般没有复数形式，若计量时，通常使用数词或a/an/many+单位词+of +不可数名词。如：There are two pieces of work for you to do: to buy a bowl of rice and to make three cups of tea.有两项工作给你做：去买一碗米饭，去沏三杯茶。经典考题The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but is has _all over the country.（2005辽宁卷）A. companies B. branches C. organizations D. businesses解析B 本题是一个多点考查题。既考查了名词复数形式的不同变化，又考查了名词的辨析。四个名词中branches有分部、分店、支流的意思，合句意。2.名词所有格名词所有格通常可分为三种：(1).-s型所有格，主要用于生物名词，也可用于表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命名词的所有格，如：todays newspaper;如果已是复数形式结尾的名词，则在其后加。(2).of 短语型所有格，主要用于无生命名词的所属关系，有时表示逻辑上的主谓、动宾、或同位关系。(3).of短语型与-s型并用的双重所有格，即被修饰的名词前如有一个表示数量的词，如：a ,two, some, any, several, few, no, many, this, that, these, those等（常不能用the ）修饰时，可用of+所有格（或名词性物主代词），如：This is a picture of his grandfather.这是他爷爷的一张照片。只表示他爷爷的一张照片，并非双重所有格而属of短语型所有格。再如：This is a picture of his grandfathers(pictures).这是他爷爷照片中的一张。强调他爷爷照片中的其中一张，属双重所有格。经典考题_car broke down on the way home, but luckily they knew how to fix it .A. Toms and Jims B. Toms and Jim C. Tom and Jims D. Tom and Jim解析C 考查所有格。Toms and Jims即Toms car and Jims car则表明两人分别拥有的两辆车。故选Tom and Jins。经典考题 The railway station is _from our school.A. two hours drive B. two hours drive C. two hour drive D. two hours drive解析 B 考查复数形式的所有格。复数形式的所有格只在S后加（四）名词作定语经典考题The _is just around the corner and you wont miss it. (2001上海卷)A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycle shop解析 B 考查名词作定语。在此bicycle是起修饰作用的名词，不表示所有关系而表示类别，且名词作定语须用单数形式，故bicycle shop正确。(五)集合名词与谓语1.某些集体名词，如：family, team, class, club, audience, committee, crowd, government, party, public, enemy, group, population, couple等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看，谓语动词用单数；如果作为一个个成员讲，谓语动词用复数。如：His family has moved to a new flat.他一家已搬到新房了。His whole family are watching TV now.他一家人正在看电视。经典考题His family _in Shanghai and his family _all music-lovers.A. live; is B. lives; is C. live; are D. lives; are解析D 考查特殊类群体名词与谓语的关系。第一个His family强调群体，故谓语动词须用单数；第二个his family强调每个成员，故谓语动词须用复数。因此，正确选项为D。2.某些集体名词，如：people, police, cattle等，只有复数形式，谓语动词须用复数。如：The police are searching for him.警察们正在搜寻他。但people作民族讲时，用作单数。如：The Chinese people is a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族。经典考题Many cattle your father is raising now_ kept on the farm.A. is B. was C. are D. were解析C 考查特殊类群体名词与谓语的关系。名中 is raising now已暗示该用一般现在时且作定语，修饰many cattle,而cattle看作复数概念的集体名词，谓语动词须用复数。(六)名词近义词在语境中的辨析名词近义词在语境中的辨析主要包括同义名词词义辨析、名词的固定搭配辨析。解决名词词义辨析的最有效方法就是平时多积累一些相关类的名词群，多理解琢磨它们之间的用法和区别，我与例句相结合去记忆和理解。经典考题For the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move a warm_.(2002北京卷)A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climate解析 D 名词词义辨析题。weather天气，；climate气候，三：基础训练（共10小题， 5分钟完成）1. Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade todayA. a; 不填 B. the; an C. the; the D. 不填; the2. - Have you see _ pen? I left it here this morning- Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a3. Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth centuryA. the; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填4. Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for foodA. the; a B. 不填; a C. the; the D. 不填; the5. The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _ wool usedA. the; the B. the; 不填 C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填6. Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience .A. 不填；the B. 不填；an C. an; an D. the; the7. The sign reads In case of _fire，break the glass and push _red button .A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. the；the D. a；a8. When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _ hotel; I can find you _ bed in my flat .A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填9. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of color .A. a; 不填 B. a; the C. 不填; the D. the; a10. _ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _ major concern of the country .A. The; 不填 B. The; a C. An; the D. An; 不填答案：1-5 ADCBB 5-10 CBAAB2008年全国各地20套高考卷分类汇编冠词名词数词（湖南卷）22. Have you heard _ news？The piece of _ petrol is going up again!A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，不填（江苏卷）21. We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填（山东卷）21. Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource.A. 不填；a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. the; a（江西卷）30. - I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.- It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a（辽宁卷）24. My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive got _ energy.A. a; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填；the D. a; the(全国II)8. Its not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break.A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the（陕西卷）10. I ate _ sandwich while I was waiting for _ 20:08 train.A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a(四川卷)8. In the United States, there is always _ flow of people to areas of _ country where more jobs can be found.A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a（浙江卷）2. _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填（重庆卷）27. In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation.A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the;the（安徽卷）24. To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion Save Our _A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices（福建卷）32. Whats the _ of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion（江苏卷）25. -I cant repair these until tomorrow, Im afraid.-Thats OK, theres _.A. no problem B. no wo