高考短文改错解题技巧.doc

高考英语短文改错解题技巧 第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）(2014年课标I 卷) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Nearly five years before，and with the help by our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果） in our back gardenSince then for all these year we had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they pleaseAs result，the plants are growing somewhereThe fruits are small in size，but juicy and tasteThere are so much that we often share them with our neighborsAlthough we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year，but we have never had any disease or insect attack problemsWe are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!2014课标2卷 My dream school starts at 8：30 a.m. and ends at 3：30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didnt need to do so many homework. Therefore，we have more time with afterschool activities. For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends. 一、短文改错常见考点设置： 1.考点设置之名词 命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数.改正方法 :(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份; (2)根据上下文的逻辑关系. 详解：1）.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.（schoolmate改为schoolmates）2）. After class we become stranger at once.（stranger改为strangers）3）. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get marks in all my subject.（subject改为subjects）4）. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.（picture改为pictures）5）. There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.（advantage改为advantages）6）. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.（ideas改为idea）7）. I looked at his other hands. （hands改为hand） 2.考点设置之代词 命题特点：1.女性代词指代男性或相反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性误用。 改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。 代词的错误特点：1.人称代词的偷换错误 2. 缺少人称代词的错误 3. 人称代词数的一致问题 4. 人称代词格的一致问题详解：1). The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(his改为their)2) It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.（them改为us）3) Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English .（me改为myself）4) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .（showed后加it）5) Some students may also save up for our college or future use .（our改为their） 3.考点设置之介词 命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk, serve, wait等。介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。详解：1) We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.（去掉about）2) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉at）3) The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.（去掉was后的in）4) Well talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.（with改为about）5) I am writing to thank you with your kind help. （with改为for）6) He was looking for a glass the cupboard. （glass后加in）7) Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life. （each后加of） 4.考点设置之时态 命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。详解：1) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that-（did改为do）2) The time passes quickly. Evening came.（passes改为passed）3) She liked it very much and reads it to the class.（reads改为read）4)I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class.（talked改为talk）5) I will write again and send you the photos we take together.（take改为took）6) We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.（have改为had）5.and, but, or, so误用及前后不一致命题特点：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。关于连词，一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。改正方法；1）根据句意确定误； 2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。详解：1) She is smiling at me but nodding at me.（but改为and）2) It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.（and改为or）3) The food was expensive and the service was good.（and改为but）4) I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.（but改为and）5) We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.（visiting改为visited）6) She liked it very much and reads it to the class.（reads改为read）7 I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式，改为whose)8) I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为 and)9) Clever as she is, but she works very hard.(as意为“尽管”，不能再跟but连用，所以去掉but) 6.考点设置之从句连词 命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中边接方句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。详解：1) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.（noon后加when）2) I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.（that改为why）3) The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English. （去掉that前的in）4) Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.（去掉if）5) They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.（去掉that） 7.考点设置之冠词 命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。详解：1) As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. （famous前加a）2) We may be one family and live under a same roof, but-（a改为the）3) On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.（a改为the）4) I hope youve had pleasant journey home （had后加a） 8.考点设置之形容词和副词 命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。详解：1) I would describe myself as shy and quietly.（quietly改为quiet）2) There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes. （person改为personal）3) Finding information on the Net is easily.（easily改为easy）4) So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.（as改为than）5) My pronunciation was terribly .（terribly改为terrible）6) They came back lately and had some tea.（lately改为late） 9.考点设置之非谓语动词 命题特点改正方法：1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。详解：1) Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.（allow改为allows）2) My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.（make前加to）3) Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.（talk改为talking）4) We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.（visiting改为visited）5) Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.（去掉to） 二、短文改错口诀 动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住； 句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾.详解： （一）动词形：主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。动词形常见错误：1） 一般过去时与一般 现在时错用。2）第三人称单数形式错用。 3） and 前后动词时态不一致。(and具有对称性） 4） 主谓不一致。5） 缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词） 6） 主动语态与被动语态错用 7）Used