英语4级一些语法.doc

No. 5 Tenses (2)一现在完成进行时：1. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的延续性用法没有明显的区别，表示动作开始于过去并一直继续在进行。常与for, since等表示一段时间的状语连用，有时也用包括现在在内的段时间状语（如all day/week/year, these weeks/years, the whole morning）。The boys have been watching television since seven oclock. 孩子们从七点起就一直在看电视。I have been reading this book for 2 weeks, but I havent finished it yet. 这本书我已经看了两周，但还没有看完。2. 表示过去到现在一直重复发生的动作：I have been telling you many times that you must be more careful with your work. 我讲过多少遍了，你对自己的工作一定要更加小心。二过去完成进行时：表示过去某时以前就一直在进行的动作。它与现在完成进行时相似，但只是适用于过去的场合。如：She asked me what I had been doing these years.她问我这些年一直在干什么。When I got to the meeting, he had already been speaking for half an hour. 当我到达会场时，他已经讲了半个小时了。三将来完成进行时：表示一个持续至将来某一时间的动作。如：I shall have been teaching in this university for twenty years by the end of the term.到学期末我就在这所大学执教20年了。四将来进行时：表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作，其用法与一般将来时没有 太大区别，故较少用到。What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候你会干什么？五将来完成时：1表示在将来某时之前，一个动作将要发生并完成，句中常有by和by the time (that)引导的时间状语。By the end of the century China will have become a strong and prosperous country.到本世纪末，中国将成为一个繁荣富强的国家。2这个时态还可以表示可能性或推测，其作用相当于“must+ have V-ed2”结构。 如：Its five oclock. They will have arrived home by now. 现在是五点钟，这时他们也应该到家了吧。六过去将来进行时，过去将来完成时及过去将来完成进行时轻少用到，故略去不讲。Exercises:1. The Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896, _ every 4 years so far, except during the two world wars.A. are heldB. were healC. had been heldD. have been held2. She _ several wallets _ by pickpockets this year.A. has, lostB. had, lostC. has, stolenD. has had, stolen3. Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _ necessary for all planes to land for refueling.a. would beb. has beenC. had beenD. would have been4. It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time, well have to take the machine apart to put it right.A. had leakedB. is leakingC. leakedD. has been leaking5. What happened? - We _ for an hour when the bus finally came.A. waitedB. have waitedC. have been waitingD. had been waiting 6.The patient _ of a pain in his stomach since noon.A. complainedB. has been complainingC. had complainedD. is complained7. Until then, his family _ from him for six months.A. didnt hearB. hasnt been hearingC. hadnt heardD. hasnt heard 8. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _ too long.A. has been readingB. had readC. is readingD. read9. The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers _ for.A. be demonstratingB. demonstrateC. had been demonstratingD. have demonstrated10. We _ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.A. just have hadB. have just hadC. just hadD. had just had11. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _ from the sort of candles used only in churches.A. had comeB. comingC. tidyingD. that came12. I _ to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.A. meanB. have meantC. meantD. had meant13. I was hungry. I _ nothing all day.A. had eatenB. ateC. had been eatingD. have eaten14. We _ that we would be able to leave tomorrow, but its beginning to look difficult.A. have hoped B. had hopedC. would hopeD. should hope15. It is the third time that I _ this problem for you.A. explainB. explainedC. have explainedD. will explain16. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I _. A. sawB. seeC. had seenD. have ever seen17. Last Sunday, we _ for a picnic, but it rained.A. willB. are toC. were going toD. shall18. My train arrives in New York at 8:00 tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _ by then.A. wouldB. will have leftC. has leftD. had left19. I felt that something terrible _.A. will happenB. happensC. has happenedD. was about to happen20. That was the first time the old lady _ her sad story to others.A. was tellingB. had toldC. tellD. told21. In 1997, she was the largest ship that _.A. had ever been builtB. has ever builtC. has ever been builtD. was ever built22. Its reported that by the end of this month, the output of the machines _ by about 10%.A. will have risenB. has risenC. will be risingD. has been rising23. On her next anniversary, she _ married for 25 years.A. will have hadB. will have beenC. has beenD. is being24. We hope the film _ when we reach the cinema.A. will not startB. will not be startingC. didnt startD. will not have started25. The patient _ nothing but apple juice for the whole of next week.A. will have been having B. will have hadC. will be havingC. will be had26. She used to have breakfast at 9:00 when she lived alone. But nowadays she _ it at 10:00.A. is havingB. hasC. is used to haveD. used to have27. Kathy told me she _ the club 3 years ago.A. joinedB. had been joinedC. had joinedD. was joining28. She _ English for 10 years by the time she takes the CET 4 in 2004.A. studied B. had studiedC. will have been studyingD. had been studying 29. His application for position with the company _ next Tuesday.A. has been discussedB. will discussC. is discussedD. will be discussed30. That work is needed by next week. So make sure _ to the deadline.A. for keepingB. youll keepC. keepingD. you keep31. She is the last person I _. Her rudeness is beyond endurance.A. have seenB. sawC. am going to seeD. will see32. My brother has just arrived, but I didnt know he _ until yesterday.A. cameB. will comeC. was comingD. had been coming33. The boy even wont have his lunch before he _ his homework.A. finishedB. had finishedC. finishesD. will finish34. Before Jimmy could explain, Rose _ up.A. was hungB. had hangedC. had hungD. hung35. The plane _ over the landing field for 20 minutes when the pilot was told that he should use the Eastside Field.A. had been circlingB. are circlingC. was circlingD. has been circling36. He was _ when I walked into the room.A. ready for leavingB. about to leaveC. in the point of leavingD. most ready to leave37. You should have put the milk in the ice-box; I expect it _ undrinkable by now.A. becomeB. had becomeC. has becomeD. became38. We _ paying you a visit but the bad weather prevented us from doing so.A. had thought ofB. have thought ofC. were thinking ofD. thought of39. How much longer _ this dictionary?A. will you be needingB. will you have neededC. have you neededD. you are needing40. He _ on this essay for 10 minutes, but he _ only about sixty words.A. will have worked, has written B. worked, has written C. has been working, has written D. will be workin