新牛津7A_语法讲解及练习.doc

7A 知识点归纳一般现在时一、定义与讲解一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或一般性事实。，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。通常与副词every day（每天），always（总是）,usually（通常）,often（经常）sometimes（有时）,等时间状语连用。例：（1）表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 Marys father is an English teacher. 玛丽的爸爸是一名英语老师。 （2）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 She plays sports every day. 她每天都做运动。 （3）表示客观现实。 The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿。 There are 50 students in my class. 我们班有50个学生。 （4）表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言谚语等。 The sun rises in the east every day.太阳每天从东方升起。 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 （5）表示平日的喜好。 I like bananas. We dont like vegetables. He likes ice cream. She doesnt like strawberries.二、只有主语在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单形式”，其他人称用动词原形。动词三单形式的变化规则：1.（1）多数直接在动词词尾加-s. play plays like likes ask asks work works get gets call calls （2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es. Watch watches wish wishes do does go goes （3）以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es. try tries study studies cry cries fly flies2.不规则变化：be is have has三、一般现在时的句子转换：（1）变一般疑问句：当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等)提到主语的前面，（口诀：一调二变三问号）; （2）变否定句：在be动词或情态动词后面直接加not变成否定句. (be后not莫忘记)例：陈述句：She is my sister. 疑问句 Is she your sister? Yes, I am./ No, Im not. 否定句 She is not my sister. 陈述句：I can play soccer. 疑问句 Can you play soccer? Yes, Ican. / No, I cant. 否定句 I can not /cant play soccer.注意：对一般疑问句的回答：一般用什么问就用什么来回答。但以下例外：Is this a pencil? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.Is that your backpack? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. Are these your parents? Yes, theyre. / No, they arent. Are those Jims brothers? Yes, theyre. / No, they arent.（3）当句子中没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，变一般疑问句时，在主语前加助动词do (I, we, you,以及复数), does（第三人称单数she,he,it等）变成问句；（4）变否定句时，在主语后谓语动词前加助动词dont, doesnt变成否定句，切记：助动词后的动词则还原成动词原形。例：陈述句：We get up（起床） at 7:00 every morning. 疑问句Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 否定句We dont get up at 7:00 every morning. 陈述句：She has a brother. 疑问句 Does she have a brother? 否定句 She doesnt have a brother. 在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚，现归纳总结如下： 1. 人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如： He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 2. 单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如： Han Mei likes milk. 韩梅喜欢牛奶。 Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 Uncle Wang often plays volleyball. 王叔叔经常打排球。 3. 单数可数名词或this / that / the+单数可数名词作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 That car is red. 这辆车是红色的。 The cat is Lucys. 这只猫是露茜的。 4. 不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。Everyone is here. 大家都到齐了。 There is a watch on the table. 桌上有块手表。 This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。That is an eraser. 这是一块橡皮。5. 不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如：The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 6. 当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如： 6 is a lucky number. 6是个吉利数字。 I is a letter. I是个字母。 巩固练习题：一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式Have like drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ come_ watch_ fly _ do_ study_ teach_二、用be动词填空1. I _ a Chinese boy. My name _ Li Lei.2. Ann _ an English girl. She and I _ good friends.3. _ that bike yours? No, it _.4. What _ the boys name? His name _ David.5. How old _you? I _ thirteen.6. Lucy and Lily _ sisters. They _ from America.7. Daniel _ eleven years old. They _ from China.8. My teacher _ young. She _ helpful.9. _ you good at football? Yes, I _.10. The twins _ in the same class.三、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. His classmates_(not know) what he reallylikes.2. He _ (like) watching TV. 3. She _ (have) lunch at twelve.4. Mr and Mrs White _ (not make) pizza at home.5. She often_ (say) bad words about others.6. He _ (play) computer games every day.7. My grandfather _ (not listen) to the radio after supper.8. Millie _ (not draw) pictures at the weekend.9. Linda often _ (go) shopping at the weekend.10. She_ ( not do) her homework on Friday evening.11. Mr Green _ (not live) in Shanghai with his parents.12. The little baby always _ (cry) if he is hungry.13. She_ (not come) from America. 14. The girl_ (look) out of the window and sees many birds in the sky.15. Jenny runs home and_ (sit) on the chair.16. Peter and Mary_ (not drink) milk every day.17. He_ (brush) teeth every morning.18. The lady_ (watch) TV every evening. 19. The old man _ (fix) a lot of radios every year.20. The woman _ (stay) with her son in the USA for two months every year.四、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening. (改为否定句)_2. I do my homework every day. (改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_3. She likes milk. (改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_ 4. Amy likes playing computer games. (改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_5. We go to school every morning. (改为否定句)_ 6. John comes from Canada. (对划线部分提问)_7. She is a good student. (改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_8. Simon and Daniel like play sports. (改为否定句)_9. This is my pencil? (变一般疑问句) your pencil ? 10. These red socks are Kates. (变一般疑问句) socks Kates ? 11. Mary does not have any books. (变肯定句) Mary books . 12. She likes the black bag very much. (变为否定句) 13. I like apples. (用she改写句子) 14. Its an English dictionary . (对画线部分提问) . 15. He has hamburger and apples for dinner. (变一般疑问句) 五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 人称代词人称代词人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit例句： 1、主格=主语：表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。 I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student.They are students. 2、宾格=宾语：表示动作行为的对象。 Give it to me. Lets go(=Let us go).物主代词人称形容词性名词性第一人称单数：我的mymine复数：我们的ourours第二人称单数：你的youryours复数：你们的第三人称单数他的his她的herhers它的its复数：他们的theirtheirs物主代词是表示“的”和“的东西”的意思。 比如你说“这是我的书包”：This is my schoolbag. 这里的my是一个形容词性物主代词，它只是作一个形容词用，后面必须再跟一个具体表示某个东西的名词，这里就是这个schoolbag（书包）。 而如果你说“那个书包是我的”： That schoolbag is mine. 这里的mine就是一个名词性物主代词，它的后面不能再有其它的名词。人称代词和物主代词人称代词及物主代词用法 Iyouhesheitwetheymeyouhimheritusthemmyyourhisheritsourtheirmineyourshishersitsourstheirs课堂实例讲解：一、第一行都是人称代词主格，放在动词（行为动词、be动词、情态动词等）前面。 如： I （我）am a teacher。 We （我们）can play football。 如果是问句，则放在助动词、be动词或情态动词后面。如： Are you （你）a pupil？ Do they （他们）play football？ Can he （他）walk？二、第二行都是人称代词宾格，放在动词或介词后。如：Let me give her （她） some sweets。 Would you like to go with me （我）？三、第三行是形容词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词后面必须是名词。如：This is my （我的） potato. That is your （你的） tomato。四、第四行是名词性物主代词。名词性物主代词后面不用带名词，可以单独使用。如：This potato is mine （我的）。 That tomato is yours （你的）。【经典范例引路】例1 The man over there is my brother . is a doctor . A .SheB .HeC .HersD .His (2001年北京市海淀区中考题)简析：此题是考查人称代词主格的用法，根据题意指代的是人，且在句中作主语，应用人称代词主格，前面说the man。故答案为B。例2 does your father do ? He is a worker . A .WhichB .WhoC .WhatD .How(2001年北京市海淀区中考题)简析：此题是考查如何选择疑问代词，根据答语He is a worker .表明是问某人的职业，问职业常用疑问代词what。故答案为C。例3 I have two cats .One is black ,and is white . A .anotherB .someC .otherD .the other(2001年北京市海淀区中考题)简析：此题是考查不定代词another ,some ,other ,the other在用法上的区别，根据题意“(两者中)一个另一个”为固定结构：one . . .the other . . .。故答案为D。例4 The twins corrected the mistakes on the test papers . A .themB .themselvesC .himD .himself(2001年上海市中考题)简析：此题是考查反身代词的用法。反身代词除了在句中作宾语和表语外，它还可作同位语，用来加强语气。根据题意，此处填反身代词作主语the twins的同位语，用来加强语气，说明是他们自己更正错误，而不是别人，且主语是复数。故答案为B。例5 She always thinks of more than herself . A .otherB .othersC .the otherD .the others(2001年天津市中考题)简析：此题是考查不定代词other ,others ,the other ,the others的区别；other指单独的一个，others泛指其他的人(物)；the other指两者中的另一个人(物)，the others指某一范围内“其余的几个”。根据题意是指其他的人。故答案为B。例6 You may go and ask him .He knows about Japanese . A .a fewB .fewC .a littleD .little (2001年天津市中考题)简析：此题是考查不定代词a few ,few ,a little ,little的区别：a few和few指代或修饰可数名词复数，a little和little是指代或修饰不可数名词，a few和a little表示肯定，few和little表示否定。根据题意Japanese在此处指“日语”，语言是不可数的，且该句是肯定的语气。故答案为C。例7 Lily or Lucy has been to the Great Wall . A .EitherB .NeitherC .BothD .Nor(2001年陕西省中考题)简析：此题是考查不定代词either ,neither ,both ,nor的区别：either指两个人(物)中的任何一个，表示肯定意义，neither是either的否定形式，both指两个人(物)，而nor表示“也不”。它们常可构成：either . . .or ,neither . . .nor ,both . . .and。故答案为A。例8 I want to buy a diary .Could you show me ? Yes .This is the most popular kind . A .otherB .anythingC .itD .one(2001年武汉市中考题)简析：此题是考查不定代词one的用法，one常用来代替前面所提到的同类人或物的单数。以避免与前面提到的名词重复。此题是用来代替前面的a diary。故答案为D。巩固练习题：一、用适当的代词填空1.These are_ (他们的) flowers. 2.Those books are_（他们的）。3.Is this photo _（你的）？ 4.Is this _（你的）photo？5. _（它的）eyes are blue。6. _（她）is my mother。7.The eraser is for _ （她）。8.Is this_（她的）bag？9.Is this bag_ （她的）？10.I dont like _（他们）。11. _（他们）are lazy pupils。12. _（他们的）shoes are old。 13.The old shoes are_（他们的）。14.This potato is _（我的）。 15.That tomato is _ （你的）。16.This is _ （我的）potato。 17.That is _ （你的）tomato。18. _（我们的） Classroom is big and bright。19.The big and bright classroom is _（我们的）20.He will catch up with_（我们）。21. _ (他的) bike is red。 22.The red bike is _（他的）。23.I am worried about_（他）。二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she )7. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we )12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ is a nurse. ( she )13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he )14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they )15. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger!16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she )17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we )18. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( they )19. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he )20. May I sit beside _? ( you )21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ）22. The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )三、单项选择(选自各地中考题)( ) 1. Kate has lost key . asks for help .(山西) A .her,He,IB .his,He,meC .his,She,ID .her,She,me( ) 2. Uncle Tom asked David , brothers and to help him write some cards .(广州) A.my;IB.my;meC.myself;ID.myself;me( ) 3. book is new and is new,too .(吉林)A.Our,heB.Ours,hisC.My,hisD.My,her( ) 4. This isnt pen ,I think its .(湖南) A .my;hersB .his;herC .my;yourD.mine;his( ) 5. This is classroom. is over there .(广州) A .ours;TheirB .our;TheirsC.our;TheirD.ours;Theirs( ) 6. Is the new watch ? Yes ,its .(昆明) A .you;meB.yours ,mineC.you ;myD.your ;mine( ) 7. office is much smaller than . (天津) A.Ours;yoursB.Our;yoursC.Theirs;ourD.Your;their( ) 8. school is much larger than . (河南) A .Theirs;ourB .Their ;oursC .Theres ;oursD .Their ;our( ) 9. “Excuse me! Is this watch?”“No, its not .Its Jims.”(安徽) A .your;myselfB .your ;myC .yours ;mineD .your ;mine( ) 10. Tom is here and a friend of is here too .(安徽)A .himB .heC .hisD .hers( ) 11. house is this ? Its mine. (天津) A .WhatB .WhoC .WhosD .Whose( ) 12.Whats over there? (吉林) A .theseB .thoseC .thatD .this( ) 13. books are my sisters. (西藏) A .ThisB .ThatC .ItD .These( ) 14. “Help to some meat, Mary.”my aunt said to me. (北京) A .themselvesB .ourselvesC .yourselfD .himself( ) 15. “Help to some mooncakes”.Han Meimei said to the twins. (安徽) A .youB .oneselfC .yourselfD .yourselves( ) 16. Thank you for having us .We enjoyed very much. (济南) A.ourselvesB.usC.ourD.ours( ) 17. the twins enjoyed at the party yesterday. (安徽) A .Both ;themB .Both ;themselves C .All ;themD .All ;themselves( ) 18. Nobody taught ,she learnt it by . (海南) A .she ,herB .her ,herself C .her ,herD .herself ,herself( ) 19. Did she go to school when she was young? No .She taught at home. (天津) A .herB .herselfC .hersD .she( ) 20. My brother is too young .He cant look after . (浙江) A.himselfB.herselfC.hisD.myself表示时间的介词（in，on，at）介词in,on,at在表示时间时的用法区别in时间范围大（一天以上）如：in Tanuary, in winter, in 1999;泛指在上午，下午，晚上，如：in the morning(afternoon, evening).习惯用法：in the daytime 在白天。on指在某一天或某一天的上午，下午，晚上，如：on Monday, on Sunday afternoon, on July 1, 1999at时间最短，一般表示点时间，如at six oclock, at three thirty.习惯用法：at night, at noon, at this time of year.in, on，at在表达时间方面的区别in 表示在某年、某季节、某月、某周、某天和某段时间in a year在一年中in spring 在春季in September 在九月in a week 在一周中in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/傍晚但在中午，在夜晚则用at noon/nighton 表示某一天或某一天的某段时间on Monday 在周一on Monday afternoon 在周一下午on March 7th 在3月7日on March 7th, 1998. 在1998年3月7日on the morning of March 7th, 1998. 在1998年3月7日上午at 表示某个具体时刻at eight oclock 在8点钟at this time of the year 在一年中的这个时候at the moment 在那一时刻at that time 在那时注意：在英语中，如果时间名词前用this, last, next 等修饰时，像这样的表示，“在某时”的时间短语前，并不需要任何介词。例如：last month, last week, this year, this week, next year, the next day, the next year等。巩固练习题：一、单项选择( ) 1. Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays. A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on( ) 2. -There is nothing _tomorrow afternoon, is there? -No. We can have a game of table tennis. A. on B. in C. out D. up( ) 3. A lot of students in our school were born_March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since( ) 4. He suddenly returned_ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during ( ) 5. My grandfather was born_Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of( ) 6. The train is starting_five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D.still( ) 7. Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on( ) 8. Children wake up very early_the morning of Christmas Day. A. in B. on C. for D. at ( ) 9 _ a cold winter morning, I met her in the stfeet. A. In B. On C. At D. For ( ) 10 It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meeting. A. at B. on C. with D. of( ) 11. Why did you get up so early _ this morning. A. on B. / C. at D. in( ) 12. He went to Shanghai_ September 3, 1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year. A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; ia ( ) 13. Lucy was born_ the night of May 12, 1984. . . A. on B. in C. at D. to( ) 14. Mrs Brown came to China _ 1996. A.on B. of C. to, D. in ( ) 15 _ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning of Joe Hill. A. On B. In C. On D. At ( ) 16. Ann moved_Hangzhou_September, 1992. A. /; in B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in ( ) 17