Lesson 1 AnotherSchoolYear.doc

Lesson 1 Another School Year-What For？I. Word Study1. accomplishmentn. sth. completed successfully; an achievementExamples: a girl of many accomplishments 多才多艺的姑娘 Among her accomplishments weresewing, cooking, playing the piano and dancing.accomplishv. to succeed in doing; to reach the end ofExamples: accomplish ones object 达到目的 accomplish ones mission 完成使命 He can accomplish more in a day than any other boy in his class.2. assumev. a. to take for granted承担; to suppose假定b装出，假装，佯作，装作有(或是)：to assume an air of innocence装出一副无辜的样子to assume a humble manner装出一种谦卑的态度Examples: They had assumed that prices would rise these days, but in fact they were wrong. assume responsibilities assume anothers debts subjective assume主观臆断3. certify =give evidence ofv. to confirm formally as true, accurate, or genuine；provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by ones behavior, attitude, or external attributesExamples: The accounts were certified (as) correct. He was certified (as) insane. certified accountant 注册会计师 certify to书面证明 CTF Certify证明 certify teacher合格师资 Cross-Certify相互认证 certify,to证明审计用语 certify a document检查单据 certify a copy证明副本无误 to certify a cheque保证兑现4. exposevt. 揭露，揭发；使曝光；显示v. a. to subject or allow to be subjected to an action or an influence 使受影响b. to subject (a photographic film, for example) to the action of light 使曝光c. to make known (sth. discreditable);to reveal (the guilt or wrongdoing of) 揭发（有损信誉的事）；揭露（罪恶或错误的行为）Examples:The parents exposed their children to classical music at home. This film has been exposed. The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 5. faculty n. 能力；全体教员；科，系n. a. any of the powers of the body or mindb. department or group of related departments in a universityc. the whole teaching staff in one of the departments or in the whole universityExamples: the faculty of the sight; mental faculties the Faculty of Law The entire faculty of the university will attendthe meeting.cf.staff n. n. 职员；参谋；棒；支撑adj. 职员的；行政工作的vt. 供给人员；给配备职员vi. 雇用工作人员a. group of assistants working together in a business, etc. responsible to a manager or a person in authorityb. those people doing administrative workExamples: the hotel staff, the shop staff We need more staff in the office. I have a staff of ten. a head teacher and her staff 校长及全体教工 The school staff are expected to supervise school meals.6. generatev. to produce as a result of a chemical or physical processExamples: a generating station 发电厂，发电站 When coal burns, it generates heat. generative reproduction 有性繁殖 His kind smile soon generated friendliness. 他友善的微笑很快造成了友好的气氛。 to generate hope 产生希望 【数学】 动点成(线)，动线成(面)，动面成(体)： A point generates a line. 动点成线。7. nevertheless仍然，不过，然而；尽管如此adv. in spite of that, howeverExamples: She was very tired, nevertheless she kepton working. We are going nevertheless we shall return.8. rearv.a. to care for (children or a child) during the early stages of life; to bring up抚养；培养The rabbit reared its ears.兔子竖起它的耳朵。b. to tend (growing plants or animals) 饲养；种植Our chemistry teacher rears all kinds of birds.我们的化学老师养着各种鸟。c. to rise high in the air; to tower竖起；举起；抬高The rabbit reared its ears.兔子竖起它的耳朵。n. a hind part 后面，后边；后边的部分rear plate后板；后钢板rear axle后轴；车辆 后桥；车辆 后车桥；后轮轴rear bearing后轴承rear pass后烟道Rear Window后窗；后车窗；后挡风玻璃rear door后门；后车门；靠近后面的门rear overhang后悬；离地间隙；后悬距rear reflector车后反光玻璃；后反光器track rear后轮距；双胎间距Examples: to rear a child to rear poultry家禽 to rear a monument to a persons memory 为纪念 某人而建立纪念碑 the rear of the hall9. speciesn. a fundamental category of taxonomic 1. 种类，类别2. 【生物学】种classification, ranking below a genus orsubgenus and consisting of related organismscapable of interbreedingExamples: Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment. The Origin of Species物种起源 Darwin followed up with The Origin of Species in 1859.10. sufficev. to meet present needs or requirements vt. 使满足；足够用；合格It suffices to comfort her with only a few words.只用几句话安慰她一下就行了。vt.满足的需要，使满足：I will do my best to suffice you.我将尽一切努力满足你的要求 Examples: These rations will suffice until next week. Fifty dollars will suffice me. Fifty dollars will suffice for my needs.II. Phrases and Expressions1. enroll in = participate in, take part in, go throughto place ones name on a roll or register; to sign up 注册登记，注册、记录某人名字在花名册上；登记Example: We enrolled in the army.2. specialize into concentrate on a particular activity orproduct 从事专门活动或销售专业产品Example:The shop specializes in mountain-climbing gear. We specialize in the development of plastic packing materials.我们专营塑料包装材料的开发。 Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax .学生们擅长一种特殊的恶作剧：戏弄人。 Should students be required to take classes in many subjects or to specialize in one subject?学生应该学习多门课程还是应该术业有专攻?。3. put itto express; to state 表达；陈述Examples: to put it another way 换句话说 to put it mildly 说得婉转些 to put it strong 说得刻薄4. go througha. to examine carefully 仔细检查b. to experienceExamples: John went through the students papers. We went through hell while working onthis project.5. see to it that to try to make sure that务必，必定；设想使Example: The parents asked the girl to see to it that her younger brothers behave well at the table. We would surely see to it that the military balance was maintained .我们肯定保证要使军事平衡得到维持。 Please see to it that the packing is strong enough to withstand rough handling.请务必做到包装牢固，经得起粗暴的搬运。 Thank you very much. We will see to it that foreign experts, engineers and technicians will be given preferential treatment优待；特惠待遇 in pay and life necessities.非常感谢。我们保证聘请的外国专家和工程技术人员在工资和生活待遇方面得到优惠照顾。6. preside overto be in charge of= preside at, to chairExamples: preside over a meeting 主持会议 preside at tea 招待客人吃茶点 The manager presides over the business ofthis store. 主持管理业务 The new generation of deans will undoubtedly preside over dramatic changes.新一代的院长们将无疑能够应付发生的巨变。 She was appointed to the US district court serving 6 years as a trial judge, where she preside over hundreds of cases.她曾在美国地区法庭做过6年法官，在那里她接手过成千上万的案子。7. be out to do sth. 口语企图(或打算或决心)(做某事)to try to do sth.be out to do/for力求Example: You professor raise your kids your way; Ill take care of my own. Me, Im out to make money.8. be on ones/the way toto be in the process of coming, going, or travelingExamples: She is on her way out the door. Winter is on the way. You are on your way to being that new species of mechanized savage, the push-button Neanderthal.9. The chances are that（等于It is likely （that）很可能It is possible thatExamples: The chances are ten to one that the guest team will win. If you have some one on your mind, let her know. Chances are you are on hers as well.cf. There is a chance that I will see him these days. Is there any chance of rain?chancevi. to come about by chance; occur 偶然发生，出现vt. to take the risk or hazard of 冒的危险Examples: It chanced that the train was late that day. Although there is still hope, he is not notwilling to chance it.10. in essenceby nature; essentially 本质上；实质的Example: In essence, leadership involves accomplishing goals with and through people.11. make available使有用；使可用到to do sth. so that one thing can be used or can easily be bought or foundExamples: Dental clinics shall be made available within tenmiles of each community. Parking facilities were made available for thedisabled.III. Word Buildingcapitalizea. to cause to be or tobecome 使成为b. to cause to conform toor resemble 使一致，使相像c. to treat as 当作对待d. to treat or affect withe. to s