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Unit 5He who does not advance loses ground.学如逆水行舟，不进则退。学习内容题 材词 数建议时间得分统计做题备忘Part AText 1科普知识383/10Text 2科普知识391/10Text 3文化教育450/10Text 4商业经济417/10Part B科普知识622/10Part C文化教育437/10Part ADirections：Read the following texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Text 1One airline chief executive officer (CEO) was the master of the personal touch. Spending hours with his employees and getting to know their jobs, he persuaded them to accept pay cuts in return for an ownership stake. The concession put the company so solidly in the black that the CEO was able to sell it for $ 860 million. Another CEO scolded managers in front of others, cut one third of the work force and so embittered the survivors that his airline began to lose money, and the board of directors fired him.In any test of knowledge or IQ, the two CEOs would have dueled to a draw. The difference was their ability to handle relationships, argues Daniel Goleman in his new book, Working With Emotional Intelligence. Building on his 1995 best-seller, Emotional Intelligence, Goleman now probes how EI relates to the world of work. As he did in his earlier book, Goleman masterfully explains how a low EI hinders peoples full intellectual potential by flooding the brain with stress hormones that impair memory, learning and thinking. The heart of the book, though, is an analysis of data collected from more than 150 firms on what distinguishes so-so performers from superstars. Golemans findings: conventional intelligence takes second position to emotional intelligence in determining job performance.In jobs ranging from repairman to scientist, IQ accounts for no more than 25 percent of the difference between, say, a successful high-tech entrepreneur and a failed one. In another surprise, the contribution of IQ shrinks and the contribution of EI rises with the difficulty of a job and how high it ranks in an organization. Based on traits that companies say distinguish winners from losers, Goleman concludes that EI carries much more weight than IQ in determining success at the top.However, the many examples of CEOs and other people in top positions who have the emotional intelligence of a snakebut still were CEOsundermine the case for EIs indispensability in business. But even if you accept that EI determines who excels, you have to wonder if it should. Goleman describes how 112 entry-level accountants were judged more or less successful by their bosses according to their level of EI rather than their actual skills. No wonder so many auditors fail to notice cooked books.1. According to Goleman, the biggest difference between the two CEOs lies inA their attitude toward their employees. B their emotional intelligence.C their conventional intelligence. D their business strategy.2. Golemans new book Working With Emotional Intelligence is chiefly aboutA the difference between IQ and EI.B the relationship between EI and job performance.C the role of EI in a persons success.D the importance of handling personal relationship.3. According to Goleman, which of the following persons owes the most to EI for his or her success?A Plumber.B Manager of the sales department.C President of a company.D Manager of the personnel department. 4. The phrase “cooked books” in the last sentence most probably meansA falsified account books.B books containing information for food preparation.C damaged books.D pirated books.5. The author of this text regards Golemans findings asA important. B surprising. C doubtful. D meaningless.Text 2The nobler and more perfect a thing is, the later and slower it is in arriving at maturity. A man reaches the maturity of his reasoning powers and mental faculties hardly before the age of twenty-eight, a woman at eighteen. And then, too, in the case of woman, it is only reason of a sort very niggard in its dimensions. That is why women remain children their whole life long, never seeing anything but what is quite close to them, cleaving to the present moment, taking appearance for reality, and preferring trifles to matters of the first importance. For it is by virtue of his reasoning faculty that man does not live in the present only, like the brute, but looks about him and considers the past and the future and this is the origin of prudence, as well as of that care and anxiety which so many people exhibit.Both the advantages and the disadvantages which this involves are shared in by the woman to a smaller extent because of her weaker power of reasoning. She may, in fact, be described as intellectually short-sighted, because, while she has an intuitive understanding of what lies quite close to her, her field of vision is narrow and does not reach to what is remote; so that things which are absent, or past, or to come, have much less effect upon women than upon men. This is the reason why women are more inclined to be extravagant, and sometimes carry their inclination to a length that borders upon madness. In their hearts, women think it is mens business to earn money and theirs to spend it if possible during their husbands life, but, at any rate, after his death. The very fact that their husband hands them over his earnings for purposes of housekeeping, strengthens them in this belief.However many disadvantages all this may involve, there is at least this to be said in its favor, that the woman lives more in the present than the man, and that, if the present is at all tolerable, she enjoys it more eagerly. This is the source of that cheerfulness which is peculiar to women, fitting her to amuse man in his hours of recreation, and, in case of need, to console him when he is borne down by the weight of his cares.6. The major difference between a mans and womans intellect is thatA men mature much later than women.B women are more intuitive than men.C women are more cheerful than men.D mens intellect is nobler than that of woman.7.The word “Niggard” (Line 3,Para 1) probably meansA stupid. B limited.C miserly. D mean. 8. The cause of womens enjoyment and cheerfulness is that A men do not challenge their intellect.B they are irresponsible by their very nature.C they live more in the present.D they want to console men.9. The author is probably aA philosopher. B gossip columnist.C happily married man. D biologist.10. Which of the following could be the best title of the text?A The Intellect of Women and Men B Women the Short-sightedC Think Less Worry LessD Happy Women and Anxious MenText 3Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first years. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear”. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.11. The purpose of Frederick IIs experiment was A to prove that children are born with the ability to speak.B to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech. C to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak.D to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language.12. The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that A they are incapable of learning language rapidly.B they are exposed to too much language at once.C their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak.D their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them.13. Which of the following is true according to the text?A The faculty of speech is inborn in man.B Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.C Children who start to speak late prove to be of high IQ.D Most children learn their language in indefinite stages.14. What is exceptionally remarkable about a child?A He is born with the capacity to speak.B He has a brain more complex than an animals.C He can produce his own sentences.D He owes his speech ability to good nursing.15. We can conclude from the last paragraph thatA the mother should give the child careful mothering.B language is a basic human need.C the child will send out obvious signals if it is pleased. D the mother should be sensitive to the childs body language.Text 4You are in trouble if you have to buy your own brand-name prescription drugs. Over the past decade, prices leaped by more than double the inflation rate. Treatments for chronic conditions can easily top $2,000 a monthno wonder that one in four Americans cant afford to fill their prescriptions. The solution? A hearty chorus of “O Canada.” North of the border, where price controls reign, those same brand-name drugs cost 50% to 80% less. The Canadian option is fast becoming a political wake-up call. “If our neighbors can buy drugs at reasonable prices, why cant we?” Even to whisper that thought provokes anger. “Un-American!” Andthe propagandists trump card“Wreck our brilliant health-care system.” Supersize drug prices, they claim, fund the research that sparks the next generation of wonder drugs. No sky-high drug price today, no cure for cancer tomorrow. So shut up and pay up.Common sense tells you thats a false alternative. The reward for finding, say, a cancer cure is so huge that no ones going to hang it up. Nevertheless, if Canada-level pricing came to the United States, the industrys profit margins would drop and the pace of new-drug development would slow. Here lies the American dilemma. Who is all this splendid medicine for? Should our healthcare system continue its drive toward the best of the best, even though rising number of patients cant afford it? Or should we direct our wealth toward letting everyone in on todays level of care? Measured by saved lives, the latter is almost certainly the better course. To defend their profits, the drug companies have warned Canadian wholesalers and pharmacies not to sell to Americans by mail, and are cutting back supplies to those who dare.Meanwhile, the administration is playing the fear card. Officials from the Food and Drug Administration will argue that Canadian drugs might be fake, mishandled, or even a potential threat to life. Do bad drugs fly around the Internet? Sure and the more we look, the more well find. But I havent heard of any raging epidemics among the hundreds of thousands of people buying cross-border. Most users of prescription drugs dont worry about costs a lot. They are sheltered by employee insurance, owing just a $20 co-pay. The financial blows rain, instead, on the uninsured, especially the chronically ill who need expensive drugs to live. This group will still include middle-income seniors on Medicare, who have to dig deeply into their pockets before getting much from the new drug benefit.16. What is said about the consequence of the rocketing drug prices in the U.S.?A A quarter of Americans cant afford their prescription drugs.B Many Americans cant afford to see a doctor when they fall ill.C Many Americans have to go to Canada to get medical treatment.D The inflation rate has been more than doubled over the years.17. According to the text, what can America do to control soaring drug prices?A Encourage people to buy prescription drugs online.B Extend medical insurance to all its citizens.C Import low-price prescription drugs from Canada.D Exercise price control on brand-name drugs.18. How do propagandists argue for the U.S. drug pricing policy?A Low prices will affect the quality of medicines in America.B High prices are essential to funding research on new drugs.C Low prices will bring about the anger of drug manufacturers.D High-price drugs are indispensable in curing chronic diseases.19. According to the author, what should be the priority of Americas health-care system? A To resolve the dilemma in the health-care system.B To maintain Americas lead in the drug industry.C To allow the vast majority to enjoy its benefits. D To quicken the pace of new drug development.20. What are American drug companies doing to protect their high profits?A Labeling drugs bought from Canada as being fakes.B Threatening to cut back funding for new drug research.C Reducing supplies to uncooperative Canadian pharmacies.D Attributing the raging epidemics to the ineffectiveness of Canadian drugs.Part B Directions: In the article, following sentences have been removed. For Questions 21-25, choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.There are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral. Great quantities of animal oil come from whales, those enormous creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick covering of fat called blubber.21. _.To the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another. But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, he means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aero-planes and warships, motor-cars and diesel locomotives, the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machinery. This is the oil that has changed the life of the common man.22. _. This kind of oil comes out of the earth. Because it burns well, it is used as fuel and in some ways it is superior to coal in this respect. Many big ships now burn oil instead of coal.23._. No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated. The oil used for this purpose must be of the correct thickness; if it is too thin it will not give sufficient lubrication, and if it is too thick it will not reach all parts that must be lubricated.24. _. Countless billions of minute sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the seabed. They were covered with huge deposits of mud; and by processes of chemistry, pressure and temperature were changed into what we know as oil. For these creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they should be imprisoned between layers of rock for an enormous length of time.There are several main areas of the world where deposits of oil appear. One is that is the Middle East, and includes the Persian Gulf; another is the area between North and South America, as well as between Asia and Australia. The remaining area is near the North Pole.25. _. If progress in using atomic power to drive machines is fast enough, it is possible that oil-driven engines may give place to a new kind of engine. In that case the demand for oil will fall, the oilfields will gradually disappear, and the Arctic deposits may rest where they are forever.A When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.B What was the origin of the oil, which now drives our automobiles and aircrafts? Scientists think that the oil under the surface of the earth originated in the distant past, and was formed