初中英语名词解与练习.doc

名词名词即表示人和物名称的词，分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、机构、组织等特有名称的词Lucy 、the Great Wall、China普通名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或事物中个体的词dictionary table bike集体名词表示一群人或事物的词family police people不可数名词物质名词表示无法分割为个体的物质air glass(玻璃) water抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感想的词knowledge(知识)health(健康) beauty(美)可数名词可数名词单数变复数规则一般情况下，直接加scup-cups book-books pen-pens flower-flowers以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词，加esglass-glasses fox-foxes match-matches以辅音字母+y结尾的，先改y为i, 再加escity-cities factory-factories以f或者fe结尾的词，去f或fe, 加vesknife-knives leaf-leaves wife-wives 以o结尾的某些词加es (黑人英雄吃番茄土豆)negro，hero, tomato, potato名词复数的不规则变化元音发生变化man-men woman-womenfoot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice词尾发生变化child-children ox(公牛)-oxen单复数同形sheep-sheep deer-deer fish-fish(一条条的鱼)“某国人”变复数 （中日历史永不变，英法联军a变e, 其他一律加s）Chinese-Chinese JapaneseJapanese Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen American-Americans German-Germans修饰可数名词数量的词 a/an, one, two, three.(一个，两个，三个.) few(几乎没有)/a few（少量，还有一些） some/any （一些） many/a lot of/lots of/plenty of （很多）可数名词在使用时的注意事项可数名词在使用时，前面如果没有冠词a/an/the的话，那么后面一定要变复数。即我们常说的“要么戴帽子，要么加尾巴”例如：The dog is our best friend./Dogs are our best friends.不可数名词常见的不可数名词air, water, oil(油) salt(盐) oxygen(氧气milk, coffee, soup, tea, juice, rain, medicine(药), bread, rice, paper, pollution, rubbish, grass, light(光), beauty, information, space(空间), energy(能量)， advice(建议) fun(趣事，乐趣) weather(天气) news(新闻，消息) work(工作) electricity(电) music(音乐) ) furniture(家具) money(钱) power(力量) knowledge(知识)不可数名词数量的表达a glass of milk/two glasses of milka piece of paper/two pieces of papera piece of news/two pieces of newsa kilo of meat/two kilos of meat修饰不可数名词数量的词 little（几乎没有）/a little （少量，还有一些） some/any （一些） much/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/a large amount of （许多的，大量的）名词所有格含义：表示有生命的人或物的所属关系。表示方法词尾无s,加“ s ”Marys chair childrens book词尾有s, 加“ ”Teachers office students reading-room表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人名字后加“ s ”Jim and Mikes room吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间如果表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加“ s ”Jims and Mikes rooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间 练习题：一， 列举同类词语，每类至少5个。1, 动物2，业余爱好3，颜色4，水果5，交通工具6，文具7，国家8，职业9，事物10，家庭成员11，学科12，餐具13，学校功能室14，服装15，房间16，星期17，月份18，身体部位19，季节 （四个）20，饮品二将下列名词变成复数形式1，book 2, duck 3,houses 4, orange 5,class6, box 7,watch 8,bus 9, city 10, factory11, country 12, family 13, hero 14, potato 15, piano 16, knife 17, leaf 18, life 19, fish 20 sheep21, foot 22, tooth 23, man 24, man 25, woman26, fireman 27,policeman 28, postman 29, child 30, mouse三，请归类可数名词和不可数名词。A, book B, milk C, rice D, bus E, soup F, water G, tea H, hamburger I, bread J, money K, paper L, desk M, toy N, baby O, season P, egg Q, coffee R, computer S, tree T, meat U, pork V, tooth W, room X , pen Y, beef Z, chair1, 可数名词：2，不可数名词：四，按照例子写出英文。例子：two glasses of water.1, 一杯茶 2， 两杯牛奶 3， 三袋米4，两碗水 5， 一片面包 6，六张纸7，一瓶果汁 8， 一箱苹果 9， 两双鞋五，选择填空1, They come from different _A, country B, countries C, a country D, countries2, How many _ do you see in the picture?A, tomatos B, tomatoes C, tomato D, the tomato3, They are _A, woman teachers B, women teachers C, women teacher D, woman teacher4, Would you like _, please?A, two glass of water B, two glasses of water C, two glass of waters D, two glasses of waters5, There are some _ in these _A, knife, pencil-boxes B, knives, pencils-box C, knives, pencil-box D, knives, pencil-boxes6, There is some _ on the plate.A, cakes B, meat C, potato D, pears六，用正确的所有格填空1, _ bedroom is dirty. (Ben) 2, _ bag is nice. (My sister )3, Is that the _ bike (postman) 4, He is _ b