人教版英语必修1unit4知识点+练习.docx

第四单元Earthquake 1. burst into +n =burst out doing 突然 起来 burst into tears =burst out crying2.as is known to everybody总所周知 3.be/get injured 受伤4.cut across穿过 横穿 5.as usual像往常一样6.give out散发出 精疲力竭 7.instead of 代替8.give a speech演讲 9.put up shelters搭建避难10.be pleased to do sth.乐意做某事 11.be proud of 以 而自豪=take pride in 12.the number of 的数量 13.in the open air 在户外14.right away立刻 15.in ruins破败不堪 成废墟16.dig out掘出 17.at an end 终结 18.a number of 许多 大量的 19.too to太 而不能 20.tens of thousands of 成千上万的 21.be trapped in =be caught in 被困在中 22.all not = not all 并非所有都23.to the north of =north of 在的北面 24.be rescued from 被从解救出25.be buried 被埋葬 被埋藏 26.bury oneself in =be buried in 专心于，埋头于27.think little of 评价不高 think highly of 赞许 给予较高评价 28.as if 仿佛 29. be/ get shocked 震惊 30.at an end 终结【重点词汇】1、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings crashed and burst. 城市里，一些大楼里的水管爆裂。burst爆裂,突发 用法归纳： I felt as if my heart would burst with joy. 我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。 The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。 There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。 联想扩展： (1) burst in on突然打断 He burst in on our conversation. 他突然打断了我们的谈话。 (2) burst into +n. 突然 The speaker burst into angry speech. 演讲者突然讲粗话。 (3) burst out + doing突然The woman burst out crying like a child. 那个妇女突然像小孩一样哭了。2. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 地震中，有三分之二的人死亡或受伤。injury n. 伤害 易混辨析：injure ; hurt; wound; harm 伤害 injure比hurt 正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。 hurt 既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。指肉体上的伤害时，hurt可与badly, slightly, seriously等连用；但若果指精神上的创伤，只能用very much, rather / deeply。 wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤。可以是肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的创伤。 harm 表示引起对身体、物质或精神上的损害，常指伤害人的肉体，损坏东西以及损害健康、品质、事业等。 即时活用：1、Did you say that our neighbor _ in the accident?A. badly hurted B. was badly hurted C. had badly hurted D. was badly hurt2、My chest _ when I take a deep breath, doctor.A. hurts B. wounds C.harms D. injure3、The old lady died from the _on her head; she was _when cleaning windows on the ladder when she fell off it.A. injury; injured B. wound; wound C. wounded; hurt D. hurt; injured5、The bus driver was badly _on both legs in the traffic accident.A. wounded B. broken C. injured D. destroyed3. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 【短语归纳】与end搭配的常用短语：come to an end vi.结束（用作谓语） bring/put sth.to an end vt.结束；制止at the end of在尽头（末）（指时间或空间） by the end of到末为止（现在完成时连用）by the end of last.（与过去完成时连用） by the end of next.（用于将来完成时）in the end最后，终于（作状语） on end连续to the end到底 without end没完没了的【随堂练习】用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。（1）How many English words have you learned _ last term?（2）He became an outstanding doctor _.（3）My uncle will fly to China _ this year.It seemed + that从句是一个句型，表示“看起来好象”。eg: It seemed that he didnt notice this. 看起来他好象没注意这件事。as if是连词词组，意为“好像、好似”，相当于as though，一般用于句型It looks/seems as if.中，其意思是“看起来好像”。如果与事实相反，则用虚拟语气；如果与事实一致，则保持正常时态。 eg: 1.There is a lot of cloud. It seems as if its going to rain. 有这么多乌云，看起来好象要下雨了。（是事实，不用虚拟） 2.She is so kind to me. It seems as if she were my mother. 她对我非常好，看起来好象她是我的母亲。（事实上不是，与现在事实相反） sb. 作主语时，seem后常跟adj. 作表语。 eg: He seemed a little angry. 他看起来有点生气。4.、In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.（1）n. 残垣断壁；废墟（名词时常用复数） The city lay in ruins after years of bombing.（2）v. 毁灭；使破产The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 【拓展】be in ruins 呈一片废墟 fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to ruin 毁灭，落空 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 bring sb. to ruin 使毁灭5. shock vt&vi(使)震动，震惊；(使)受电击n打击；震惊；震动C令人震惊的人或事People were shocked.(回归课本P26)1 was shocked to see him alone我很吃惊地发现他独自一人。I felt the shock as the aircraft hit the ground飞机着陆时我感觉到震了一下。If you touch this live wire，you11 get a shock如果触摸这条带电的电线，你就会遭到电击。归纳拓展 with/from shock由于震惊Shocked 震惊的，震撼的 shocking adj令人震惊的 a shocking accident令人吃惊的事故be shocked at对感到吃惊 be shocked to do深感意外地去做特别提示(1) shocked/surprised/amazed等的主语多为人，而shocking/surprising/amazing等的主语多为物。这两种形式的形容词辨析常在高考题中出现。如：They were shocked by her rudeness他们对她的无礼感到震惊。What a shocking waste of time!时间的浪费多么惊人呀!(2) 当表示具体的令人震惊的人或事的时候，shock是可数名词，这一点常和冠词一起考查。如：The news of his mothers death was a terrible shock to him6 Trapvt(trapped，trapped)使陷入困境；设陷阱捕 n陷阱；困境；捕捉(动物的)夹子The lift broke down and we were trapped inside(it)电梯出了故障，我们被困在里面了。The thieves were caught in a police trap窃贼落人警方设的陷阱而被捕。归纳拓展(1)fall into a trap：be caught in a trap掉人陷阱；落人圈套 be trapped in(2)trap sb into doing sth诱使某人做某事By clever questioning they trapped him into making a confession他们用巧妙的提问诱使他招认了。7、Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.(1) n.援救，营救 The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river（2）v. 救援；拯救 He rescued a boy from drowning.【拓展】rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把从营救出来come to/ go to sbs rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援队a rescue mission 救援任务 rescue workers 救援人员【随堂练习】用rescue的适当形式填空（1）The mother, along with her two children, _from the sinking boat by a passing ship.（2）The firemen _ five children from the burning house yesterday. 8. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (1) be trapped in 陷入困境 They were trappend in the burning building.(2) bury 埋葬，掩埋 be buried in / bury oneself in 埋头于，专心于 （3）the dead 死者，表示一类人。形容词前加the常用来表示一类人或一类东西。 eg: the rich 富人 the young 年轻人 the old 老年人 the deaf 聋人the blind 盲人 the injured 受伤的人 the new 新的东西 the ordinary 普普通通的东西 注意：the + 形容词 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由上下文的意思而定。如表示一类人，作复数看待；如表示抽象概念或具体的某个人时，谓语动词用单数。eg: 1.The young respect the old; the old love the young. 尊老爱幼。2. All the injured have been sent to hospita. 所有受伤的人都已送往医院。9. judge n法官，审判员；鉴赏家 vt判断；评价Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.归纳拓展judgement n审判，判决；判断力；意见，看法，评价judge sb./sth.from/by.从来判断judge between right and wrong判断是非 as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为judging by/from从上看；根据判断dont judge a book by its cover勿以貌取人；勿只凭外表判断 I cant judge whether he is right or wrong.我不能断定他是对还是错。Judging from his expression，he was satisfied with my work. 从他的表情判断，他对我的工作很满意。As far as I can judge，it is he rather than you is to blame.据我判断，是他而不是你该受责备。In my judgement，it is necessary to pay him a visit.在我看来，有必要去拜访一下他。特别提示judging from/by置于句首作状语，v-ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似的用法还有： generally speaking一般来说 frankly speaking坦白地说 considering考虑到 to tell you the truth说实话10 congratulation(n.)“祝贺”，一般要用复数形式，常与on连用。congratulations on sth./doing sth. eg: 1.Lets offer our congratulations on her success. 对她的成功表示祝贺。 2.Congratulations on winning the race. 祝贺你比赛获胜。注意：表示向某人祝贺，接介词to。congratulations to sb. eg: 1.Congratulations to you. 祝贺你。 2.Lets send our congratulations to him on winning the Nobel Prize. congratulate(v.) “祝贺，恭喜；道贺，向.致词”，congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth. eg: 1.I congratulated my girlfriend on her birthday. 我向女友祝贺生日。 2.Let me congratulate you on the birth of your daughter. 我祝贺你喜获千金。3. We congratulated him on having passed the examination.11. honourvt.尊敬；给以荣誉（鼓励、头衔、称号）（1）honour sb.(with sth.) 给予某人荣誉，使某人感到荣幸The president honoured us with a visit. 总统光临，十分荣幸（2） be/feel honoured (to do sth.) 对-感到荣幸。I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech. 他在讲话中提到了我，真是荣幸。归纳拓展 honour U尊敬，敬意，荣誉；C引以为荣的人或事物（与to搭配）do sb. an/ the honour(of doing sth.) （通过做某事）使某人增光，给某人带来荣誉give/ show honour to sb. 尊敬，敬重-have the honour to do sth./ of doing sth .荣幸地做某事in honour of sb./ sth.= in ones honour 为了纪念-； 为向-表示敬意；祝贺-；I gave him a special present in honour of him. 我给了他一件特殊的礼物，为向他表示敬意课堂训练一、根据句意以及首字母提示完成单词2、That place is dirty and s_. 3、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and b_.4、People began to wonder how long the d_ would last.5、F_ water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane.6、Everywhere they looked nearly everything was d_.7、The railway tracks were now u_ pieces of steel.8、Without _ (电)，modern life would be very difficult.9、_ (判断)from his appearance, the manger must be over fifty.10、Dead and _ (受伤的)people lay everywhere after the terrible accident.二、用适当的关系代词填空1、The building _ wall is white is my uncles house.2、I know the boy _ you are looking for.3、Will you please lend me the very book _ you bought yesterday?4、The student _ the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor.5、The reason _ comes after spring is summer.6、This is the museum _ we visited last Saturday.7、The boy with _ John is talking is my brother.8、The girl _ leg was broken in the earthquake was talken to the hospital immediately.9、_ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.10、Dont read such books _ you cant understand.三、单项选择1、We dont need to do extra work this evening. The days work was almost _ now. A. at the end B. at an end C. at one end D. at our end 2、Ive read all the books _ you gave me. A. who B. whose C. whom D. that 3、In that big fire all their houses were_, so the