CentOS磁盘配额步骤.doc

一CentOS磁盘配额概述：当linux根分区的磁盘空间耗尽时，系统将无法再建立新的文件，从而出现服务程序崩溃，系统无法启动等故障现象，为了避免在服务器中出现类似的磁盘空间不足的问题，可以设置启用磁盘配额的功能，对用户在指定文件系统（分区）中使用的磁盘空间，文件数量进行限制，以防个别用户恶意或无意间占用大量磁盘空间，保持系统存储空间的稳定性和持续可用性。二CentOS磁盘配额详细步骤：如何正确进行CentOS磁盘配额呢，看看以下内容吧!1.确认quota软件包已经安装，并列表查看quota软件包安装的磁盘配额管理程序。rootlocalhost # rpm -qa|grep quotaquota-3.13-1.2.5.el5rootlocalhost # rpm -ql quota|grep sbin/usr/sbin/setquota/usr/sbin/warnquotarootlocalhost #2.本文档中配额用户以liuchao为例，挂载点为/mail目录，要挂载的分区为/dev/sdb1 （分区总大小为10G，设置用户liuchao最大使用量为10M,超过7M警告，10M以后就不能在/mail中存储数据）创建用户liuchaorootlocalhost # useradd liuchaorootlocalhost # passwd liuchaoChanging password for user liuchao.New UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.创建/mail目录，修改/mail目录的权限为777，便于验证用户liuchao的配额rootlocalhost # mkdir /mailrootlocalhost # chmod 777 /mailrootlocalhost # ls -ld /mail/drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 04-19 10:09 /mail/磁盘分区，格式化(应先“关闭系统”，不能用“快速休眠”，再添加“虚拟硬盘”，就有/dev/sdb)rootlocalhost # fdisk -l.Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes /新磁盘/dev/sdb信息Disk /dev/sdb doesnt contain a valid partition tablerootlocalhost #rootlocalhost # fdisk /dev/sdb /磁盘分区.1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)Command (m for help): n /创建新分区Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4)p /建立主分区Partition number (1-4): 1 /主分区编号First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2610, default 2610): +10G /大小为10GCommand (m for help): n /创建新分区Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4)p /创建新分区Partition number (1-4): 2 /主分区编号First cylinder (1218-2610, default 1218): Using default value 1218Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1218-2610, default 2610): /剩余空间全部给第2个主分区Using default value 2610Command (m for help): p /查看分区情况,结果如下Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 1217 9775521 83 Linux/dev/sdb2 1218 2610 11189272+ 83 LinuxCommand (m for help): w /保存配置并退出The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.rootlocalhost # mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 /格式化磁盘/dev/sdb1rootlocalhost # mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb2 /格式化磁盘/dev/sdb2rootlocalhost # partprobe /dev/sdb /重新探测 /dev/sdb磁盘中分区情况的变化rootlocalhost #fdisk -l /dev/sdb /查看分区状况Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 1217 9775521 83 Linux/dev/sdb2 1218 2610 11189272+ 83 Linuxrootlocalhost #挂载/dev/sdb1到/mail目录rootlocalhost # mount /dev/sdb1 /mail修改/etc/fstab文件，设置开机后自动挂载/dev/sdb1分区到/mail目录，支持磁盘配额功能l usrquota（用户配额）l grpquota（组配额）rootlocalhost # vi /etc/fstab/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0proc /proc proc defaults 0 0/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0/dev/sdb1 /mail ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota,acl 0 0重新挂载/dev/sdb1到/mail目录rootlocalhost # mount -o remount /dev/sdb1rootlocalhost #mount .none on /proc/fs/vmblock/mountPoint type vmblock (rw)sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)none on /var/lib/xenstored type tmpfs (rw)/dev/sdb1 on /mail type ext3 (rw,usrquota,grpquota,acl)检测配额并生成配额文件rootlocalhost # quotacheck -ugcv /dev/sdb1quotacheck: Checked 3 directories and 2 filesquotacheck: Old file not found.quotacheck: Old file not found.选项解释-u 检测用户配额信息-g 检测组配额信息-c 创建新的配额文件-v 显示命令执行过程中的细节信息-a 在未使用-a选项时，必须指定一个分区（设备文件或挂载点目录）作为命令参数确认/mail文件系统中的用户配额文件，组配额文件rootlocalhost # ls -l /mail/aquota.*-rw- 1 root root 6144 04-18 19:57 /mail/aquota.group-rw- 1 root root 6144 04-18 19:57 /mail/aquota.userrootlocalhost #编辑用户liuchao的配额rootlocalhost # setquota -u liuchao 7000 10000 0 0 /dev/sdb1rootlocalhost # edquota -u liuchao /查看配额Disk quotas for user liuchao (uid 500): Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard /dev/sdb1 0 7000 10000 0 0 0选项解释:Filesystem 表示本行配置记录对应的文件系统（分区），即配额的作用范围blocks 表示用户当前已使用的磁盘空间容量，默认单位为KB，该数值由edquota程序自动计算，无需修改 s