园艺专业英语课后翻译.doc

园艺专业英语课后翻译1、 设施园艺是指在不适宜园艺作物生长发育的寒冷或炎热季节，利用保温、防寒或降温防雨设施，人为地创造适宜园艺作物生长发育的小气候环境，使园艺作物的生产不受或少受自然季节的影响。由于其生产季节往往是在露地自然环境下难以生产的季节，故又称其为“反季节栽培”、“促成栽培”。Protected (structure) horticulture is defined as a cultivation method taking use of heat keeping ,chilling prevention or cooling and rainproof facilities to prevent the crops production from being influenced or seriously done by natural seasons and to artificially create a icroclimate environment suitable for growing horticultural crops in cold or hot weather hat actually unfavorable to the crop development .it is also termed as out-of-season culture ,season-off culture or forcing culture .because of the season in which horticultural crops are planted is hand for their growing in open field.2、 风障、阳畦、温床、塑料棚及温室可为露地和保护地培育各种蔬菜幼苗，或保护耐寒性蔬菜的幼苗越冬，以便提早定植，获得早熟品种。Windbreak、cold frame 、hot-frame、 plastic-clad tunnel and greenhouse could provide a variety of vegetable seeding for open field or protected culture or protect seeding of cold tolerant vegetable living through the winter ,for early planting and acquirement of early mature products.3、 从设施类型看，我国园艺设施栽培面积最大的是塑料拱棚和单屋面温室，尤其是不加温的节能型日光温室，已经成为我国温室的主导类型。目前大型温室或连栋温室的发展也开始起步。 In respect of structure type, the largest horticultural structure area in our country consists of plastic tunnels and lean to houses, especially the energy-sawing solar greenhouse, which has become the dominant greenhouse type in the country. Presently the development of large greenhouse or multi-span house has been initiated. 4、 设施园艺作物栽培中，生产者对于环境管理的重点是根据作物的特性和作物对环境的要求，尽可能创造出作物生育所需的最佳综合环境条件。In horticultural crop cultivation under structure the key point of environment management for growers is to create optimal complex of environmental conditions for crop growth and development, as possibly as they can, according to properties and environmental demand of crop. 5、most soil amendments are consisted of the increasing of organic matters ,addition of specific nutritional elements and ph adjustment大多数土壤进行改良包括增加有机质、加特殊营养元素和ph值的调整6、 the soil is an important constitute of the land loamy soil must consist of soul particles with proper ratio ,with equilibrium of nutrients ,in which contains some organic matter ,and with considerable moisture土壤是一种重要的土地是壤土土构成必须包含粒子与一定比例的灵魂,均衡的营养,在包含一些有机物质,并在相当大的水分7、sink demand of horticultural crops extremely affects photosynthetic ,for example ,leaf photosynthesis noticeably decrease when potato tubers are removed during their growth short-term response may be stomato close effect ,but this cannot explain common continuous effects ,sometime when the source-sink ratio increases significantly ,some old leaves can renew their photosynthesis functions ,on the other hand ,rapidly growing sinks sometimes compete with leaves for mobilizable nitrogen and this results in abscission of leaves and lower photosynthesis capacity.水槽的需求极其影响园艺作物光合作用、叶片光合作用,例如马铃薯块茎也是明显去除时降低他们的成长过程中马铃薯短期反应可以是关闭的效果,但这并不能解释的影响,有的时候时常见的连续的源库比例大幅提高,一些老的叶子能更新他们的光合作用,另一方面,快速增长的水槽有时与之竞争,叶氮和这个结果在树叶和降低脱落光合作用的能力8、 It is not clear yet that how the sink demand affect photosynthesis of leaves .the simplest explanation is that photosynthesis accumulated in leaves restrain photosynthesis . however trials for examining this hypothesis usually obtained the opposite results .furthermore ,in practice ,photosynthates seemly not accumulate beside chloroplasts in mesophyll cells .thus ,more research work should be done on source-sink relationship to improve yields of horticultural crops 目前还不清楚是如何影响光合作用的叶子沉需求,是一种最简单的解释是,光合作用积累在叶光合作用。然而抑制试验为检验这个假说得到相反的结果通常.再说,在实践中,光合产物分配不合宜的叶肉细胞叶绿体在积累旁边,所以工作更多的研究工作应当在进行源库关系改善的园艺作物产量9、 the development of horticultural crops product organs consist of maturity 、full ripeness and senescence stages .maturity includes physiological ripeness and horticultural ripeness the former means that in the last growth stage ,mature organs become full ripening and the later means the best growth stage of horticultural crops for harvest ,such as leaf vegetables ,when they are reaped ,they are not physiological ripe ,and flower crops are harvested when thy flower.Full ripeness is the develop stage after fruit mature some fruits can get full ripeness in trees ,while some must ripen after separated from trees .after full ripen the flesh mealiness aroma strength proper acidity and sugar ,senescence is a stopping terminating process of living activity. In this stage, product organs quality of horticultural crops become bad and completely leaves their economical value in the end园艺作物的发展成熟的产品,包括全部器官.maturity成熟与衰老阶段包括生理成熟与园艺成熟前就意味着在过去的生长发育阶段、成熟的器官就满成熟的最好的措施,以及后来的园艺作物生长阶段,如叶收获的蔬菜,当他们被收割的,他们不是生理成熟收获你花农作物都是花。充分成熟的果实成熟发展阶段后能得到充分的成熟度一些水果树,而一些必须在成熟后脱离肉身完全成熟树木mealiness特区香气强度适当的酸度和糖,衰老是一种阻止终止生物活性的过程。在这个阶段,产品器官质量变坏而完全的园艺作物叶子变经济价值的信条10、 hormone produced by seed influence fruit setting ,fruit growth and the balance of hormones in plant 激素影响所产生的种子、果实生长和果实设置在植物激素的平衡11、 Stone fruits can no t set their fruits when their embryos develop abnormally. pome fruits can set without seeds ,but flesh cells grow slowly 12、 Gibberellins was produced after pollination with seed development gibberellins promotes synthesis of auxin , therefore ,promotes fruit setting .the fruit set and fruit growth is similar between the ovule not pollinated treated by gibberellins and those which has seed就当前国内外 赤霉素是授粉的种子发展后生产出来的生长素、赤霉素那样促进合成的,因此,促进果果实设置和水果的增长是相似的治疗没有授粉的胚珠赤霉素那样13、 Gibberellins produced by apple seeds apparently restrain flower differentiation and result in alternate fruiting .alternate fruiting is not normal in pear and many stone fruits .it is because the early occurrence of gibberellins synthesis peak which is not concurrent with flower differentiation initiation.就当前国内外赤霉素明显抑制苹果种子生产的花分化和导致交替的果期.alternate果期是不正常的水果在梨和许多石头,这是由于早期发生的赤霉素那样不是合成峰值并行花,分化的开始。14、 pruning of fruit trees is a practice involves the heading back cuts and the thinning cuts of branches for good framework ,for regulating contradiction between growth and fruiting ,for maintaining the equilibrium between vegetative growth and propagative growth and for good sunlight exposure, to fruit early to achieve high yield and to get commodity with high quality修剪果树是一个实践涉及到傍晚时候减产和稀疏的削减,分支机构,用于调节好框架之间的矛盾,为维持经济增长和果间平衡的营养生长及propagative增长和良好的日光照射后,水果,以实现高产量和早期获得的商品质量优良15、 the pruning methods are best determined by the characteristics of fruit species and cultivars ,the climate the soil condition and the crop developing stages and growth status .in order to get the best result ,it is useful to combine pruning with other cultural practices like fertilization ,irrigation, etc 他是最好的决定剪枝策略的特点、种类及品种果实气候的土质条件及对作物产量的发展阶段和生长状况。为了得到最好的结果,是有用的结合修剪与其他文化的做法就像施肥、灌溉等16、 Reinvigoration of trees is better performed annually, which can keep fruit from stimulating excessive sprouts .remove dead branches, sprouts and some crossing shoots. Secondly, large branches should be thinned out gradually to open tree chamber and to improve distribution of sunlight in order to simulate fruiting服务性工作做的更好,它能使水果每年从刺激过度发芽.remove枯枝,发芽,一些交叉拍摄。其次,粗大的枝干应该减少了逐步开放的树室和改善分布的阳光,用以模拟果期。17、 temperature is an critical element in biological ,chemical and physiological processes of all plant species 温度是一个关键要素,在生物、化学和生理过程,所有的植物品种18、 Temperature regulates the rate of chemical reactions ,leading to the adjustment of plant growth rate. 温度调节率的化学反