中科院考博英语 培训资料（作文） 词库积累和检查清单.doc

一些表示结构的常用词语以及一些形容词的变换法则一：表示结构的词语1. Introduction (介绍 )Comparatively speaking, as a general rule, in general, in one sense, to some extent, in my view, as for me, on a personal level, in some cases, in some respects, in a sense, on a larger scale, to take the idea further, putting the discussion in a wider context, traditionally, unfortunately, practically speaking, undoubtedly, finally speaking, in terms of, in a way2. Classification ( 分类 )According to, on the basis of, based on, depending on, in the category of, belong to, fall into, be classed with, contain, consist of, constitute, there be 3. comparison (比较 )Havein common, equally important, like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, the same as, bothand4. Exemplification (例证 )In illustration of, by way of examples, be an example of, for instance, as an example, as a case in point, similarly, as an illustration, namely, that is, like, say 5. Enumeration (列举 )In the first place, initially, first and foremost, to begin with, to start with, in the second place, next, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, beyond that, for one thing, for another, finally, eventually6. Cause (理由 )Owing to, due to, on account of, as a result of, because, as, since, for, as a result of7. Concession ( 让步 )Although, even though, granted that, it is true, but, in spite of, still, even so, nevertheless, however, yet, admittedly8. Emphasis ( 强调 )More often than not, needless to say, above all, chiefly, especially, indeed, in fact, certainly, particularly, to be sure, actually, surely, most important of all, even worse9. Result ( 结果 )As a consequence, for this, on that account, it follows that, for this reason, therefore, accordingly, thus, consequently, hence, as a result10. Summary (概要 )Lastly, in the last place, last of all, eventually, by and large, by doing so, at length, to sum up, in conclusion, on the whole, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, altogether, to summarize, in all, as has been said, that is, in summary11. Contrast ( 对比 )In contrast, conversely, rather than, whereas, in sharp contrast, unlike, on the one hand, otherwise, on the other hand, on the contrary12. Addition (层进 )In the second place, for another, also, too, thirdly, besides this, in addition to, furthermore, moreover, after that, in other words, in the same manner, what is more important, besides, and then, equally important二：同义词词汇的丰富与级别 表示前面的词用起来不如后面的高级，而= 表示两者的高级程度基本相同。1。表示“大” Big huge large vast immense = enormous = tremendous = colossalAmple abundant2。表示“小”Small= little tiny minute petit miniature diminutive = microscopic3。表示“勇敢，无畏”Brave fearless bold courageous = valiant heroic gallant= lion-hearted= audacious=adventurous= intrepid4。“害怕，懦弱”Afraid fearful cowardly= timid weak-kneed5。“真实的”Real= true actual genuine=valid authentic legitimate6。“虚假的” Fake phony artificial counterfeit = mock adulterated bogus7。“柔软的，顺从的”Pliable = flexible= bending =pliant responsive relenting tractable yielding8。“顽固的，顽强的”Inflexible unbending =rigid stubborn obstinate bullheaded uncompromising 9。“积极的，有活力的”Active spirited lively energetic vigorous dynamic animated vivacious brisk sprightly 10。“不积极的，缓慢的”Slow inactive sedentary idle indolent torpid slothful shiftless languid listless sluggish droopy 容易拼写错误的词：(请大家当场拼写)Abandon absence acceptable accessible allusion, illusion accidentally amend Across accused acquaintance apartment appealing appearance apology, appreciate, approaches, appropriate , approximately, amendment, application, apparent, acquire, arrangement, arbitrary, arrangement, architect, artificial, assistant, attendant alleviate, adaptation, accustom, modern, create写作几大注意事项：1。不用太通俗的表达（slangs），这是很重要的技巧和写作态度，如：A lot of people ( ) - a large number of people A lot of trouble - a large amount of trouble , a great deal of trouble Thanks a lot -Thank you very much. I have to say sorry to you -I must apologize to you.Five minutes after the eating of cane sugar.Five minutes after the consumption of cane sugar.There are much more advantages than disadvantages.-Advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 2. 避免篡改固定表达法和臆断英语表达法We pay more attention to what TV stars wear rather than what our neighbors wear. - morethan 不是 morerather than 语言是固定的表达，由不得自由发挥和主观臆断。By contrast, it seems that traditional courses are out of date-In contrast / On the contrary, .3. 注意标准的文书写作要求与格式在正规的文书写作中，包括在各种英文考试中，是不应该使用如neednt, cant , havent 之类的缩写，而应改成全部拼写。4. 不滥用阿拉伯数字3 reasons ( ) -three reasons I will return the books in 2 weeks.I will return the books in two weeks.5. 训练时候运用检查清单- 写完作文以后，要对照一个检查清单进行检查。检查清单里有各种常见的错误和误区。方法是：写好一篇作文，然后开始检查，对照checklist， 一项一项地进行检查。每错一个地方，就用铅笔在清单相应错误的右边栏里记下一次（如，用划“正”字的方法来记次数。）最后，根据比较次数最多的几项，就知道自己最常犯的错误是哪些，以后针对这些弱点来进行重点的改正。 到正式考试的时候，水平就已经大幅提高了。检查清单如下：序号错误类型犯错次数1And连接的两部分不对称2主谓不一致3用了缩略语（如