八年级下Unit 2~3.doc

Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the parks.1 clean up 打扫（或清除）干净 2 cheer v.欢呼，喝彩3 cheer up （使）变得更高兴，振奋起来 4 give out 分发，散发5 volunteer v.义务做，自愿做 n.志愿者 6 notice n.公告牌，通告，布告7 used to 曾经，过去 8 lonely adj.孤独的，寂寞的9 several pron. 几个，数个，一些 10 feeling n.感觉，感触11 satisfaction n.满足，满意，舒服 12 joy n.高兴，愉快 13 owner n.物主，主人14 journey n.（尤指长途）旅行，行程 15 sign n.标志，信号16 sick adj.生病的，有病的 17 raise v.募集，征集 18 alone adv.独自，单独19 repair v.修理，修补 20 fix v.安装，使固定 21 give away 赠送，捐赠22 wheel n.车轮，轮子 23 letter n.信，函 24 miss n.女士，小姐25 set up 建起，设立 26 make a difference 影响，有作用 27 blind adj.瞎的，失明的28 deaf adj.聋的 29 imagine v.n.想象，设想 30 difficulty n.困难，难题31 open v.开，打开 32 door n.门 33 carry v.拿，提，扛 34 train v.训练，培训35 excited adj.激动的，兴奋的 36 training n.训练，培训 37 kindness n.仁慈，善良38 clever adj.聪明的，聪颖的 39 understand v.理解，领会 40 change v.变化，改变41 disabled adj.丧失能力的，有残疾的 42 strong adj.强壮的，强健的43 sir n.先生 44 madam n.夫人，女士一知识点： 短语动词小结常见短语动词结构有下面几种：1.动词+副词 如：give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放在短语动词后。2. 动词+介词 如：listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。3. 动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗尽4. 动词+名词(介词) 如：take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作 如：cheer me up 使我高兴clean up 打扫 clean-up n. 打扫2. homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩home n. 家4. sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语 ill adj. 生病的 作表语 ，不能作定语5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献 volunteer n. 志愿者6. come up with 提出 想出 = think up 想出 catch up with 赶上 追上7. put off doing 推迟做某事 put on 穿上 (指过程) put up 张贴8. write down 写下 记下 9. call up 打电话 make a telephone call 打电话10. set up 成立 建立The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000年成立的。11. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用12. put to use 把 投入使用，利用They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) studyhelp sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with Englishhelp do 帮助做某事 help study14. plan to do 计划做某事 plan + 从句I plan to go to Beijing. = I plan (that) I will go to Beijing. 我计划去北京。15. spend doing 花费做 I spent a day visiting Beijing.我花了一天的时间去参观北京。spend on sth. 花费在 I spent 3 years on English.16.not only but (also) 不但 而且 用来连接两个并列的成分(1)引导以 not only but (also) 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。因此 Not only do I feel good but (also). 是倒装句。也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。Not onlybut (also) 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如：Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。常见的就近原则的结构有：Neither nor即不也不 (两者都不)Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。Either or 不是就是 (两者中的一个)Either Lily or you are a student.Not only but (also) There be17. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如： take part in sports meeting 参加运动会18. run out 与 run out of他 run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义。His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。My patience has completely run out. 我没有一点耐心了。Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。 He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。两者在一定条件下可以互换 如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time19. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像be similar to 与.相像 take after 相像 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾20. work out v. + adj. 结局，结果为The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。21. hang out 闲荡 闲逛I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。22. be able to do 能 会 be unable to do 不能 不会23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如： thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我24. for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问You dont have money. Thats for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。25. fill with 使充满 用填充 She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。26. like prep. 像27. help sb. out 帮助做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)I cant work out this math problem. Please help me out.我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。28. train n. 火车 train v. 训练 train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。29. at once = right away 立刻 马上 如： Do it at once. 马上去做。Ill go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。30. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去) some day 有一天(指将来) 如：One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。Some day Ill go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。31. specially adv. 特意地 专门地 特别地 special adj. 特别的32. donation n. 捐赠物 donate v. 捐赠 赠送 33. part of speech 词性 词类34. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 disable v. 不能35. hand out 分发 hand out bananasgive out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分.给某人give up doing 放弃 give up smoking 放弃吸烟give away 赠送 捐赠 give away sth. to . give away money to kidsgive sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线36. volunteer 可数名词 “志愿者” adj. 自愿的 vi. volunteer to do sthThey are the Chinese Peoples Volunteers. 他们是中国人民志愿军。I volunteer to help you. 我自愿帮助你。37. no longer = not any longer 指时间上不再延续。no more = not any more 指动作上不再延续。二短语1.clean up 清扫 2.give out 分发，发放3.cheer up=makehappier 使.高兴，使.振作4.after school study program 课外学习班 5.come up with=think up 提出，想出6.put off 推迟 7.write down 写下，记下 8.put up 张贴 9.hand out 分发，发放10.call up 打电话 11.ser up=establish 建立 12.be home to sb 是某人的家园13.volunteer ones time to do sth 自愿花时间干. 14.putto use 把.投入使用15.elementary school 小学 16.plan to do sth 计划干.打算干17.coach a football team for kids 训练少年足球队18.start a Chinese History club 开办一个中国史俱乐部 19.run out of 用完，耗尽20.take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象 21.fix up 修理 22.give away 捐赠23.be similar to 与.相似 24.ask for 索要 25.a call-in center for parents 家长热线26.hang out 闲荡 27.put up signs asking for singing jobs 张贴寻求唱歌工作的广告28.run out of money for singing lessons 学唱歌的钱用完了 29.disabled people 残疾人30.for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问 31.fillwith. 用.填充. be full of 装满了.32.help.out 帮助.做事，解决难题（摆脱困境）33.a specially trained dog 一只经过特殊训练的狗 34.train sb to do sth 训练某人干.35.fetch my book 把我的书拿来 36.part of speech 词性三句子1We cant put off making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks fromnow. 我们不能推迟制订计划，清洁日离现在只有两周了。2She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school. 她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作，使这个爱好得到较好的利用3Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. 帮助别人不但自己感到快乐，而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。4The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school. 这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。5.He also put up some sign asking for old bikes.他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 几米想出的这个办法很效。7He did a radio interview. 他接受了电台的采访。8We need to come up with a plan. 我们需要指定一个计划。9You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。10He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children whodont have bikes. 他现在有16辆要修理的自行车，并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?1 rubbish n.垃圾；废弃物 2 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 3 fold v.折叠；对折 4 sweep (pt.swept) v.扫；打扫 5 floor n. 地板 6 mess n.杂乱；不整洁7 throw (pt.threw) v.扔；掷 8 all the time 频繁；反复 9 neither adv.也不10 shirt n.衬衫 11.as soon as 一.就 12 pass v.给；递；走过；通过13 borrow v.借；借用 14 lend (pt.lent) v.借给；借出 15 finger n.手指 16 hate v.厌恶；讨厌 17 while conj.在期间；当的时候18 snack n.点心；小吃；快餐 19 chore n.杂务；乏味无聊的工作20 stress n.精神压力；心理负担 21 waste n.浪费；滥用 22 in order to 目的是；为了23 provide v.提供；供应 24 anyway adv.而且；加之 25 depend on 依靠；信赖26 develop v.发展；壮大 27 fairness n.公平性；公平合理性28 since conj.从以后；自以来 29neighbor (=neighbour) n.邻居30 result n.后果；结果 31 ill adj.有病；不舒服 32 drop v.落下；掉下 33 independence n.独立 34 independent adj.独立的；自主的35 take care of 照料；爱护 36 fair adj. 合理的；适当的37 unfair adj. 不合理的；不公正的 38Sandy 桑迪（女名）一重要词组及短语1. could you please do sth.? 你能吗？/ 请你干好吗？ 2. do the chores 做杂务3. do the dishes 洗餐具 4. sweep the floor 清扫地板 5. take out the trash 倒垃圾 6. make ones bed 铺床 7. fold ones clothes 叠衣服8. clean the living room 清扫客厅 9. stay out late 晚归 10. come over 过来11. have a test 考试 12. get a ride 搭车 13. use ones computer 使用某人的电脑14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 讨厌某事/做某事 like to do (doing) sth.15. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes 洗衣服16. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做饭 17. wash the car 刷车18. work on 从事，忙于 work at 学习、致力于、在上下工夫19. borrow some money 借一些钱 borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出)You can borrow some money from your brother. 你可以向你哥哥借些钱。Can you lend me your bike? 你能借给我你的自行车吗？20. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事They invited me to join their club. 他们邀请我参加俱乐部。invite sb to a place invite you to my party21. go to the store 去商店22. agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事 disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意见23. take care of = look after 照顾、照看、照料take good care of = look after well 把照管得好26. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 27. play with sb. 和某人玩28. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(做过)（1）do, make 短语归类 do the dishes 洗餐具 do my homework 做我的家庭作业do chores 做家务，处理琐事 do the laundry 洗衣 do the shopping 购物do some reading 读书 make your bed 铺床