给水排水工程专业英语词汇.doc

abrasion磨损abrasive研磨剂、研磨的accelerated gravity settling加速重力沉降acclimatization驯化、环境适应性acidic酸的、酸性的、acidify使酸化、变酸acidogenic引起酸化的activated carbon活性炭activated sludge process活性污泥工艺adhesion附着力、胶粘adsorbate被吸附物adsorbent吸附剂adsorption吸附adsorption isotherm吸附等温线advanced oxidation高级氧化Advanced oxidation process（AOPs）高级氧化工艺advanced treatment高级处理advection水平对流aerated lagoon曝气塘aerobic好氧的、需氧的affinity亲和力after-cooler二次冷却器、后冷却器agar琼脂aggregation聚合、集合体aging衰老、老化air diffuser气体扩散器air lift气升泵air stripping空气吹脱、气提alcohol distillation酒精蒸馏alga藻类、海藻alginate藻酸盐alignment定线、对准、成直线alkaline碱性的alkalinity碱度allowable geometric suction head of the pump安装高度 allowable vacuumetric head允许真空高度alum明矾aluminate铝酸盐aluminosilicate硅酸铝aluminum sulfate硫酸铝amino acid氨基酸 amino sugar氨基糖ammonia氨、氨水ammonium铵amino氨基的anion阴离子anaerobic厌氧的anaerobic digestion厌氧消化anoxic缺氧的antacid中和酸性的、抗酸性anthracite无烟煤antibiotics抗生素、抗生学aperture孔、孔径、缝隙appliance器具用具approach velocity行近流速appurtenances附属设备aquaclude不透水层aquatic水生的aquatic flora水生植物区系aqueduct输水管aquifer含水层Archimedean阿基米德的arid干旱的、贫瘠的aromatic芳族的、芬芳的arsenic砷artesian自流井asbestos cement石棉水泥ash pit灰坑assay化验assimilate吸收、同化atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸收分光谱测量atomizer喷雾器attrition磨耗、磨损auger pump螺旋泵authorise批准autotrophic自养的auxiliary辅助的backsiphonage倒虹吸backwashing反冲洗bacteria细菌bacterium细菌bacteriological细菌学的bacteriophage噬菌体ballast整流器ballasted flocculent settling加重絮凝沉淀baffle挡板ballasting agent加重剂barrier屏障、潜堰barium钡barometric大气压力的baseline基线basic基本的、碱性的batch reactor序批式反应器、间歇式反应器belt filter带式滤机bench-scale小型的（台架规模）benzene ring苯环bicarbonate重碳酸盐bidet坐浴盆、净身盆bind凝固BOD（biochemical oxygen demand）生化需氧量biodegradable生物可降解的biofilter生物滤池biological treatment生物处理biomass（单位面积或体积内）生物量biopolymer生物聚合物biostimulant生物刺激物质biotowers塔式生物滤池biotoxicity生物毒性bisulfite亚硫酸氢盐blastfurnace slag高炉灰渣boiler锅炉、汽锅blast furnace（鼓风）炉block and tackle滑轮（组）bonding压焊、粘合、连接boosting增压bore汽缸筒、钻孔、孔bound water结合水brackish咸味的break cistern中间水箱breakpoint chlorination折点加氯brewery酿酒厂、啤酒厂brine盐水Brownian motion布朗运动bucket桶buffering capacity缓冲能力building block构件、结构单元bulk density堆积密度、松密度bulking sludge膨胀污泥butyric acid丁酸bypass旁通管byproduct副产品cadmium镉calcium钙calcium carbonate碳酸钙calcium carbonate precipitate碳酸钙沉淀物canal导管、槽、沟渠capillary毛细管、毛细作用capital投资carbohydrate碳水化合物、糖类carbon碳CO2(Carbon dioxide)二氧化碳carbonaceous碳质的、含碳的carbonate碳酸盐carbonization干馏、碳化（物）carboxyl羧基carboxylic羧基的carcinogenic致癌物的casing泵壳cast iron铸铁、生铁catalyst催化剂catalytic converter催化转换器catch basin集水池、截流井、雨水口catenary悬链线cation阳离子cationic-exchange resin阳离子交换树脂caustic soda苛性钠cell inclusion细胞内含物cellulose纤维素cellulose acetate醋酸纤维素cement水泥central heating集中供暖centrifugation离心法、离心分离centrifuge离心分离机cess pool污水坑、粪坑chabazite菱沸石chain链条channel流道、渠道、河床channelization管【渠】道化charge neutralization电中和check valve止回阀、单向阀、逆止阀chemical oxidation化学氧化COD（chemical oxygen demand）化学需氧量chemical precipitation化学沉淀chemical scrubber化学洗涤塔chloramine氯胺chloride氯化物chlorinated hydrocarbon氯化烃chloroform氯仿chloro-organic compound氯化有机化合物chloroplatinate氯铂酸盐chromate铬酸盐chromatography层析、色谱（法）chromium铬chronic toxicity慢性毒性chute斜管、滑槽cistern水塔、蓄水池clay黏土、泥土clinoptilolite斜发沸石cloud of ions电子云coarse screen粗格栅coagulant混凝剂coalesce凝聚、聚结cobalt钴、钴类颜料cocurrent下向流cogwheel齿轮coil线团、卷曲coliform bacteria大肠型细菌coliphage大肠杆菌噬菌体collecting sewer污水支管collide碰撞colloidal胶体的、胶质的colony菌落column settling test沉降柱试验combined sewer合流制下水道comminutor粉碎机（污水预处理）compactor压缩器、夯具compact layer压缩层compartmentalization区分、分格化complete-mix完全混合式complex络合物、配合物、复合体composing堆制肥料composite合成的、复合的composition合成物、成分compost堆肥、混合肥料composted sludge堆肥compression coupling压紧联轴节compression settling压缩沉淀concentrate集中、浓缩concentration浓缩、浓度concentration differences浓度差concentration polarization浓差极化condensation冷凝作用、凝结作用condenser冷凝器conduit管道、沟渠、喷泉、导管confined aquifer承压含水层constituent构分、成分contactor接触器contaminant污染物、致污物contractor承包人、订约人conventional aeration传统曝气 （指传统活性污泥法）convection current对流、运流conveyor传送机、运输机coordination compound配位化合物copper铜corrosive腐蚀性的、腐蚀剂corrugation波纹、起皱coupling联结、联轴器coulombic库仑定律的countercurrent上向流counterion补偿离子、带相反电荷的离子covalent bond共价键cracking破裂、裂crane起重机crockery陶器、瓦器化cross-flow横向流cross section横截面crush压碎、碾碎cryptosporidium parvum小隐孢子虫cultivate培养cumulative percent累计百分数cupboard橱cupronickel白铜、铜镍合金cutaway剖面图cyst胞、包囊、膀胱dalton道尔顿（质量单位）deaerate脱气debris悬浮泥沙decant滗水decanter滗析器decay腐朽、衰减decaying vegetation腐殖质decomposition分解、腐烂degreasing脱脂（法）、除油（法）deleterious有毒的、有害的denitrification反硝化作用deplete耗尽derivative衍生物、导数、派生词desalination除盐作用dessicant干燥剂destabilize脱稳detention time停留时间deteriorate恶化detrimental有害的diagrammatic图表的、概略的dial刻度盘、转盘dialysis渗析diaphragm隔膜diarrhea腹泻dichromate重铬酸盐diffuse layer扩散层diffuser分散器diffusion扩散、传播diffusivity扩散率、扩散能力digestion消化【作用】、老化digestor消化池dimethylnitrosamine二甲基亚硝胺dipole双极子、偶极discharge流量、排除、排放discourage阻碍discrete particle settling离散颗粒沉降disinfection消毒dislodge移动、清除、取出dispersion扩散、弥散（现象）disposal处理、处置dissociate分离、游离dissociation溶解、分解、离解DO（dissolved oxygen）溶解氧distillation蒸馏、蒸馏法、蒸馏物distillery蒸馏间、酿酒厂divalent二价的divinybenzene二乙烯苯domestic wastewater（sewer）生活废水、家庭污水donor供体、原料物质dosage剂量、配药、用量dosing定量给料drag coefficient阻力系数drainage ditch排水沟drainage pump排水泵drawdown水位降低draw off排除（水）、撤退draw-off tap放水龙头draughtproof不透风的dry weather flow枯季流量dual water systems双水道系统dump倾倒、垃圾堆dyestuff染料ecological生态学的、社会生态学的eddy漩涡edible oil食用油effluent流出的、废水、污水、排水渠ejector（jet pump）射流泵electrode电极、焊条electrodialysis（ED）电渗析electrokinetic电动的、动电学的electrolyte电解质、电解液electrostatic force静电力electrothermal电热的elevated tank高位水池、高架水箱ellipsoid椭圆体emf abbr（electromotive force）电动势encase封闭、嵌入end product终产物endogenous respiration内源呼吸energetics热力学、动能学enterovirus肠道病毒entrap截留enzyme酶equivalent fraction当量份数Escherichia coli大肠埃希氏菌eutrophication富营养化作用evacuate疏散、排泄evaporation蒸发（作用）evapotranspiration土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量exclusion排除、去除excrement排泄物、大便exfiltration漏出、渗出extended aeration延时曝气extract提炼、萃取extraction萃取fabric建筑物、构造fecal排泄物的feces粪屎feedlot饲育场ferment酵素、发酵fermentation发酵ferric三价铁、含铁的ferrous亚铁的、含铁的fiberglass玻璃纤维fiberglass reinforced plastic玻璃纤维强化塑料filamentous bacteria丝状菌filter滤池蝇filtrate过滤、筛选、滤出液filtration过滤fine screen细格栅fixed growth system固定式生长系统flanged joint法兰连接flexibility弹性、适应性floatable可浮起的floc絮体flocculant絮凝剂flocculation絮凝flotation thickener气浮浓缩fluctuation波动、起伏fluffy松散的fluid bed流化床flume水槽、斜槽、水道fluoride氟化物flux通量force main压力干管forced ventilation强制通风formazin福尔马肼foul污秽的、淤塞的fouling污垢fractionate使分馏free hydroxyl radical自由羟基Freon氟利昂friction摩擦（力）fullway valve全开阀fungi真菌类furnace炉子、熔炉galvanic电流的galvanized电镀的、镀锌的garnet石榴石、深红色gas chromatography气相色谱gasket垫圈gastroenteritis肠胃炎gastrointestinal tract胃肠道gear齿轮、传动装置、换挡、调整gel凝胶体generation产生、【世】代genetic遗传的、起源的germicidal有杀菌力的geomembrane土工膜、隔泥网膜gland填料盖、密封装置glass reinforced polyester玻璃纤维增强聚酯GRP：glass reinforced plastic玻璃钢gradient梯度、坡度、倾斜的graduated cylinder量筒grain颗粒、细粒granite花岗岩granular粒状的granular activated carbon（GAC）粒状活性炭granule颗粒、细粒grating栅栏gravel砂砾gravity thickener重力浓缩池grease油脂grind磨碎grinder研磨机grit粗砂grit chamber沉砂池groundwater地下水gullet水槽、水落管、海峡hail冰雹、致敬half reaction potential半反应电势handrail栏杆、扶手hasten加速、促进headloss水头损失heating coil加热盘管、加热旋管helminth 寄生虫hepatitis肝炎hermetically密封地heterotroph异养生物heterotrophic异养的hindered settling拥挤沉淀hinge铰链hoist起重机hollow fiber membrane中空纤维膜hook吊钩hopper加料斗hormone荷尔蒙、激素hose水龙带、软管humidity湿气、湿度hyacinth水葫芦hydrated lime熟石灰、氢氧化钙hydraulica水力学hydrogen氢hydrogen abstraction reaction夺氢反应hydrogen bonding氢键结合hydrogen ion activity氢离子活性（度）hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）过氧化氢hydrogen sulfide硫化氢hydrologic水文的hydrology水文学、水文地理学hydrolysis水解hydrolyzed metal ions水解金属离子hydrogeological水文地质的hydrophobic：water-hating hydrophilic：water-lovinghydroxyl hydrostatic静水力学的hydrostatic pressure 静水压力hydroxide氢氧化物、羟化物hydroxide氢氧化镁hydroxyapatite羟磷灰石hydroxyl羟基、氢氧基hygro【词头】湿、液体hygroscopic moisture吸湿水hypochlorite次氯盐酸hypochlorous acid次氯酸immiscible不能混合的、不能溶混的immunodeficiency免疫缺陷impeller叶轮impervious不透水的、不渗透的、密封的impurity杂质、混杂物inactivate灭活incident入射光incinerate焚烧incineration焚烧incinerator焚化炉inclined plate settler斜板沉淀器inclined tube settler斜管沉淀器indicator指示剂inducded velocity诱导速度inductively诱导地inert惰性的inertial惯性的inertial forces惯性力infectious易传染的infiltration渗透infrastructure下部构造inhibitory抑制的inoculate接种、嫁接insulated隔热的、绝缘的intake pipe吸水管、取水管intake pump取水泵intensity强度、强烈iterative迭代的、重复的interception拦截、截留interceptor截砂阱interceptor sewer截流管道、污水（管）截砂阱intermediate hydrolysis中间水解interstitial空隙的、形成空隙的intestinal tract肠道intrusion闯入iodine number碘值iodo-（构词成分）碘ion离子ion exchange离子交换ionization离子化、电离ion-selective membrane离子选择性膜irreversibility不可逆性irrigation灌溉、冲洗irritant刺激物isoelectric point等点电isomorphous replacement同晶置换jellylike胶体状的kinematic运动学的kinematic viscosity动力黏性lag滞后、用隔热材料保护lagoon污水塘laminar层流的landfill垃圾填埋landfill leachate填埋沥滤液landscape watering景观水lanthanum镧latent heat潜热lateral支管线、侧部lattice structure晶格结构lavatory厕所、洗脸盆、浴室laying布置、敷设、瞄准layout规划、设计、布局图leachate沥出液、沥滤液lead铅legionella军团菌lid盖子、顶、罩ligand配位体、配合基lignin木质素linear interpolation线性内插法liner衬垫、衬里local resistance局部阻力lysis溶胞、溶菌macerator切碎机、浸渍器macroflocculation同向絮凝macromolecule大分子、高分子magnesium monel蒙乃尔铜-镍合金main总干管、电网、电源makeup water补充水malodorous有恶臭的manganese锰manhole检查井、检修孔manure肥marsh湿地、沼泽地mass curve累积曲线mass spectrometry质谱测量、质谱分析料matrix基体、基质meatpacking肉类加工业mechanism机理membrane膜、隔膜membrane bioreactor膜生物反应器membrane filtration膜滤mercaptan硫醇mercury汞、水银mesh网孔、网丝mesophilic嗜温的、中温的metabolism新陈代谢、变形metal plating and finishing金属电镀与表面精整meteorological气象（学）的methane沼气methanogenesis甲烷生成methanogenic bacteria产甲烷菌methanol甲醇micelle胶态离子、微团、胶囊microbial growth微生物增长microfiltration微滤microflocculation异向絮凝microorganism微生物micropore微孔microscreen微筛milliampere毫安培mine drainage矿山排水mishandling违规操作MLSS：mixed-liquor suspended solids混合液悬浮固体浓度MLVSS：mixed-liquor volatile suspended solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体浓度module基本单位、模数molar extinction coefficient摩尔消光系数molecular weight cutoff截留分子量molybdate钼酸盐monomer单体monorail hoist单轨吊车monovalent单价的mortar砂浆、胶泥multiple hearth多炉膛multiple hearth incinerate多段焚烧炉multiply繁殖、增加multistage flash evaporation多级闪蒸mutagenic诱变的nanofiltration（NF）纳滤nephelometric浊度计的Nernst potential能斯脱电位neutralize使中和、压制nickel镍nitrate硝酸盐nitrification硝化作用nitrogen氮nitrogenous含氮的nitron氮NDMA（n-nitrosodimethylamine）N-亚硝基二甲胺nocardia诺卡式菌属、土壤丝菌属nomenclature术语、命名法noninfectious无传染性的nonionizing不电离的nonpoint source非点源nonpotable use非饮用的利用NRV：non-return valve单向阀、止回阀nonvolatile非挥发性的normality标准状态、当量浓度noxious有毒的nozzle管口、喷嘴nutrient有营养的oblate扁平的、扁圆的observation well观测井odor气味off peak额定的、正常的、非峰值的offset支管、乙字管olfaction嗅觉olfactory嗅觉的oocyst卵囊opaque不透明物、不传热的operable pump工作泵operating regime工作（操作）体制organism生物体、有机体orthokinetic flocculation同向絮凝（作用）orthophosphate正磷酸盐osmotic渗透性的osmotic pressure渗透压outage停机、停电outfall排水口、河口ova：ovum的复数，卵子overflow溢流overflow rate溢流率overland flow地表径流oxidation氧化oxidation ditch system氧化沟系统oxidation-reduction reaction氧化还原反应oxide氧化物oxidizing agent氧化剂oxygen氧ozone臭氧parallel bar平行棒parent compound母体化合物parshall巴歇尔氏测流量装置particulate微粒、颗粒pathogen病原体pathogenic致病的、病原的PCB多氯联苯peikinetic flocculation异向絮凝（作用）perceptible显而易见的、可察觉的perchloroethylene全氯乙烯perforated plate 多孔板performed预制成的、预成型的化氢periodic table（元素）周期表permanganate高锰酸盐permeability渗透性permeameter渗透仪permselectivity选择透过性permeation渗入、透过perspective view透视图perturbation混乱、小扰动peroxyl（hydrogen peroxide）过氧petri dish培养皿pfiesteria piscicida幽灵藻pharmaceutical医药品phenolic酚的、石碳酸的phosphate磷酸盐phosphorus磷photolysis光分解、光解作用photometer光度计phreatic surface浅层地下水面phyto-【词头】植物phytometer植物剂piezometer压力计、压强计pilot-plant中试厂pipeline管道（线）piping gallery管廊piston活塞pit坑pivot枢轴、支点plant植物、车间、设备、培养plaque斑点plasma等离子体、原生质、血浆plastic fluid塑性流体plate and frame板框式plating电镀pleated cartridge filter折叠滤芯过滤器plug-flow柱塞流plumbo solvency溶铅力plunger潜水者、活塞plunger pump活塞泵pneumatic气压的、气动的、装满空气的point source点源polarity极性polarization极化（作用）、偏振（现象）poliomyelitis小儿麻痹症poliovirus脊髓灰质炎病毒polishing process精处理法polluntant污染物质polyaluminum chloride聚合氯化铝polyamide聚酰胺polyelectrolyte聚合（高分子）电解质polyester聚酯polyiron chloride聚合氯化铁polymeric聚合的、聚合体的polymerization聚合polyphosphate聚磷酸盐polypropylene聚丙烯polystyrene聚苯乙烯polyvinyl聚乙烯化合物polyvinyl chloride聚氯乙烯ponding积水、蓄水porosity孔隙率port端口、入口positive-displacement-type pump容积式泵potassium钾potential determining ions决定电位离子powdered activated carbon（PAC）粉末活性炭prechlorination预加氯precipitate沉淀物、沉淀precipitation沉淀（作用）、沉积物、降水（量）prehydrolized预水解的preliminary treatment预处理premises房产、房屋、前提、前言pressure pipe压水管primary treatment初级处理probability概率、可能性procreation生产、生殖PLC：Program Logic Control程序逻辑控制prolate扁长的proliferate增生扩散propeller pump螺旋泵、轴流泵property器材、财产、物品、性质propionic acid丙酸protein蛋白质proton质子protozoan原生动物pulp and paper纸浆与造纸pump drain pit积水坑、排水坑putrescent将腐烂的、腐败的putrescible易腐烂的putrescibility易腐烂pyrolysis高温分解quicklime生石灰quiescent静止的radiator散热器、辐射体ragged粗糙的rail hoist桥式吊车rainfall雨量、降雨rake耙子ram活塞reach河段reagent试剂receptacle容器recess凹槽reclamation驯化、回收、改良red heat赤热状态redox氧化还原作用reduce state还原态reduced material还原性物质reducing agent还原剂refractory难降解的、难熔的refrigerant制冷剂、制冷的refuse废物、垃圾、拒绝regenerant再生剂regeneration再生regulate调节、控制reinforce-concrete钢筋混凝土renovate更新、修复repulsive force排斥力reserve pump备用泵residue残留物、剩余物restabitization再稳定restorant恢复剂retentate（在渗析过程中未能通过半透膜而被保留的）截留物、滞留物retention time停留时间retort蒸器、曲颈瓶reverse osmosis反渗透Reynolds number雷诺数rim边、轮缘rinse漂洗、冲洗rotor叶轮、转子runoff径流（量）、流量、流出rupture破裂salinity含盐量、咸度、盐浓度sampling port取样口sanitary公共厕所sanitary sewer生活污水管道sanitary waste生活废水saturation饱和度scale盐垢scaling缩放比例scatter分散、散开scattered离散的、分散的scattered light散射光scavengerscrew螺丝钉、螺孔、螺旋桨scourin洗涤、冲刷screenings筛渣、筛余物screw pump螺旋（杆）泵清洗剂、净化剂scum浮渣、铁渣、泡沫sealing压实填料secondary treatment二级处理sedimentation沉淀、沉降seep渗出、渗漏selenium硒self-priming自吸semiarid半干旱的semiconductor半导体semipermeable membrane半透膜sensory感官的、感觉的separate sewer分流制下水道sequencing bath reactor（SBR）序批式反应器settling column沉降柱sewer污水管sewerage排水工程sewerage system排水系统、排水工程storm sewer雨水管starter启动器（钮）stratum地层stormwater collection line暴雨收集管线specified（技术规范中）规定的specific yield单位水产量sleet雨夹雪superficial表面的subterranean地下的surface water地表水sink洗涤盆、污水池、接收器simulate模拟swampland沼泽地sloppy湿透的、液体的、水多的sulfuric acid硫酸stabilize稳定sulfur硫sodium钠sludge沉泥、淤泥synthesis合成、综合sodium nitrate硝酸钠sterile无菌的suction抽气、吸入subcatchment子流域subsurface表面下的、地下的SI units国际标准单位sprocket链轮stringy纤维的 slide滑动、幻灯片sluice水闸、泄水管、水力冲泄swirl涡状形 sump污水坑、集水池silt淤泥、泥沙、煤粉、残渣sticky黏性的 slipping plane滑动面 surface charge表面电荷side reaction副反应synthetic organic polymer合成有机聚合物surface-active agent表面活性剂 synthetic detergent合成清洁剂structural imperfection结构性缺陷solid line实线Shultz-Hardy rule苏采哈代原则starch淀粉slurry泥浆、浆 sweep floc扫沉絮体、沉淀型絮体specific gravity比重surface loading表面负荷solids flux固体通量stray分散的、杂散的 subside下沉、沉淀 subsidence curve沉降曲线sieve analysis筛分析straining筛滤、隔滤strainer滤网、过滤器spent用尽、失去效能的sorption吸着【作用】stagnant停滞的superficial velocity表观速度、空塔速度shock load冲击负荷standard potential标准电势sulfide硫化物swell膨胀、增大styrene苯乙烯scale-up按比例增加、扩大 septicity腐败性settling velocity：SV污泥沉降比shrink收缩、缩短stripping tower汽提塔stormwater runoff暴雨径流solvent溶剂、溶媒spiral-wound memberane卷式膜solute溶质subsurface aquifer地下含水层spectroscopic分光镜的 singlet oxygen纯态氧stabilization pond稳定塘sludge volume index：SVI污泥容积指数staining着色substrate培养基SRT：solids reaction time supernatant（liquor）上层清夜slime黏液、黏土snail蜗牛slough脱落 siphon虹吸管stale尿subfloor底板sidewater depth边墙水深struvite鸟粪石solid bowl无孔转鼓（离心机的）soil additive土壤添加剂step aeration阶段曝气stagnation停滞 space heating环流供暖、空间加热sterilize消毒siting定线、建筑工地选择slot闸门槽、投币口static lift静扬程sleeve bearing滑动轴承、套筒轴承spout喷管、管口、水柱swivel旋转specification说明书、规范spigot栓、龙头、插口