高三英语高考语法复习虚拟语气（60张ppt).ppt

虚拟语气 definition 陈述语气 theindicativemood 用来陈述一个事实 或提出一个想法 有肯定 否定 疑问或感叹等形式 thefishisnotalivewithoutwater 虚语语气 thesubjunctivemood 表示说话人的一种愿望 建议 命令 要求 有时是一种非真实的假设 料想 或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望 1 虚拟语气的考点1 条件句中的虚拟语气的用法 2 条件句中虚拟语气的倒装 3 名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法 4 几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法 5 虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定 if引导的虚拟条件句 区别 ifitrainstomorrow thecropswillbesaved 陈述语气 ifitrainedtomorrow thecropswouldbesaved 虚拟语气 if 主 did were 主 would should could might 动词原形 ifiwereyou iwouldtryitagain 1 如果我是你 我会再试一次 2 如果我有一百万美元 我会买下这架飞机 ifihadonemilliondollars iwouldbuytheplane 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 if 主 haddonesth 主 would should could might 动词完成式 havedone ifhehadworkedhard hewouldhavepassedtheexamination 1 如果他努力学的话 他就通过这次考试 ifihadmarriedher iwouldhavebeenunhappy 2 要是当时我和她结了婚的话 那我是很不幸的 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 通常有时间状语 ifhecameheretomorrow iwouldtellhimaboutit ifheweretocomeheretomorrow iwouldtellhim 1 如果他明天来的话 我会告诉他这件事 2 如果他明天来的话 我会告诉他 if 主 did wereto shoulddo 主 would should could might 动词原形 ifyou tomorrow you findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice a shouldcome wouldb wouldcome wouldc willcome shouldd comes might iftheparents atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident thechildwouldhavebeensaved a arrivesb arrivec hadarrivedd hasarrived ifhe he thatfood luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately a waswarned wouldnothavetakenb hadbeenwarned wouldnothavetakenc wouldbewarned hadnottakend wouldhavebeenwarned hadnottaken ididn tseeyoursisteratthemeeting ifshe shewouldhavemetmybrother a hascomeb didcomec camed hadcome ifmylawyer herelastsunday he mefromgoing a hadbeen wouldhavepreventedb hadbeen wouldpreventc were wouldpreventd were wouldhaveprevented 倒装的if虚拟句 条件状语的倒装 如果条件状语中有were had should时 可以倒装成 were should had 主 其他 wereiyou iwouldtryitagain hadhebeenthereyesterday hewouldhaveseenthefilm shoulditsnowtomorrow wewouldn tgoout ifiwereyou iwouldtryitagain ifhehadbeenthereyesterday hewouldhaveseenthefilm ifitshouldsnowtomorrow wewouldn tgoout theexam hewouldhaveattendacollege a ifhepassedb hadhepassedc werehepassedd ifheshouldpass fiveminutesearlier youcouldhaveseenthemoff a ifyoushouldarriveb ifyouarrivec hadyouarrivedd shouldyouarrive itraintomorrow weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittothesciencemuseum a wereb shouldc wouldd will wish引导的虚拟句 iwishirememberedtheaddress 我要是记得地址就好了 真可惜我忘了 howiwishhehadnotleft 要是他没有离开这里就好了 他已离开 iwishitwouldraintomorrow 要是明天下雨就好了 说话人以预料明天不会下雨 wish thathowiwishifonly did were现在 haddone过去 would might woulddo将来 5 ifonly 1 要是就好了 iwishifonlyiknewhisnamenow ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime ifonlyicouldseehimagainnextyear 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了 ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus ifonlyihadn tmissedthetrain 要是我没错过火车就好了 exercises haveyouvisitedthesciencemuseum no butireallywishi a hadb didc haved will ididn tgototheparty butidowishi there a wasb werec hadbeend went iwishi youyesterday a seeb didseec hadseend weretosee heisabraveman yes iwishi hiscourage a haveb hadc willhaved wouldhave tomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain icertainlywishhe mehow a teachesb willteachc hastaughtd wouldteach thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath iwishi toit a hadn tgoneb haven tgonec didn tgod couldnothavegone howiwishi that everybodypresentwasangrywithme a didn tgob hadn tdonec wouldn tdod wasn tdoing asif though 区别 hespeaksenglishasif thoughheisfromtheusa 陈述语气 hespeaksenglishasif thoughhewerefromtheusa 虚拟语气 2 asif though clause 现在 过去 将来 did were 现在 haddone 过去 shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson hespeaksasifhehadbeentotheunitedstates would 动词原形 将来 虚拟语气subjunctivemood 退一步海阔天空 evenif though wish ifonly等从句的虚拟与它相同 名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词 如果我是你 我就听从他的建议 ifiwereyou iwouldhavetakenhisadvice 从句表示现在 主句表示过去 如果你听我的话 现在就不会这么糟糕了 从句表示过去 主句表示现在 如果这些天一直没下雨 我们现在可以进行工作了 从句表过去进行 主句表现在进行 ifyouhadlistenedtome youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow ifithadn tbeenrainingthosedays weshouldbegoingonwiththeworks 注意 主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气 混合条件句 有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作 发生的时间不一致 这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整 ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow 如果你当时听了我的话 现在就能完成这份工作了 从句说明过去 主句说明现在 ifiwereyou iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty 如果我是你 我就去参加她的生日晚会了 从句说明现在 主句说明过去 ifyouhadn tlentmesomemoney icouldn thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyiwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow 假若你不借钱给我 我不可能买下这幢新房 很可能现在还住在危房里 从句说明过去 主句说明过去和现在 suggest order demand propose command request desire insist require adviceetc 引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气 以 should v原的形式出现 weallsuggestthathe should finishhishomeworkfirst thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors should getdowntoworkatonce it ssuggested ordered demanded proposed commanded requested desired insisted required that 后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气 也以 should v原 的形式出现 it sorderedthatonlygerman should betaughtatschoolsinalsasandlorin it srequestedthatallthestudents should wearschooluniformsatschool 以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气 也应以 should v原 的形式出现 mysuggestionisthatyou should gohomefirstbeforecominghere hisrequestthathiscost should bepaidbythehouriscompletelyreasonable theordercamethatthework should befinishedtwodaysaheadoftime myadviceisthatyou should practisespeakingenglishasoftenaspossible 注意 当suggest表示 暗示 insist表示 坚持认为 时不用虚拟 hisaccentsuggestshecomesfromhunan iinsistthathewaswrong hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople shealth 虚拟语气特殊句型 1 wouldratherthat 现在 过去 未来 过去时 过去完成时 过去时 iwouldratheryoupaidmenow iwouldratheryouhadgone too don tcome iwouldratheryoucametomorrow 注意 在主语 would had rather that宾语从句中 从句谓语一般用过去式表示虚拟形式 例如 我真希望你告诉我真相 i dratheryoutoldmethetruth 我宁愿不再见着你 i dratherididn tseeyouagain 我倒希望他们和我一起去 iwouldrathertheywentwithme 1 对现在的虚拟 谓语动词用过去时 系动词用were 意指主从句谓语表示的动词同时发生 例如 他看起来好象病了 helooksasifhewereill 他感到他应该独自对发生的事情承担责任 hefeltasifhealonewereresponsibleforwhathadhappened 2 对过去的虚拟谓语动词使用had 过去分词 意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之前 例如 她英语说的很好就象是在英国学习的一样 shespokeenglishwellasifshehadstudiedenglishinengland 我记得整件事情就象是昨天发生的一样 irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday 3 对未来的虚拟谓语动词使用would 动词原形 意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之后 例如 史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了 mrs smithsobbedasifherheartwouldbreak whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit a breaksb hasbrokenc werebrokend hadbeenbroken theactoris58yearsold butheactsasifhe ayoungman a isb willbec amd were thecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker itlooksasifit rain a isgoingtob willc wasgoingtod would 注意 如果表示的事情可能会发生 那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气 itlooksasifyouaretired 3 it s about high time that 过去时 should v 你该走了 it shightimethatyouwent it shightimethatyouweregoing it shightimethatyoushouldgo 我们该去睡觉了 it stimethatwewenttobed it stimethatweshouldgotobed 4 without和butfor构成虚拟 butfor要不是withoutsunlight people slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday butforyourhelp iwouldn thavefinishedthework withoutyourhelp iwouldhavefailed butforwater itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert 5 ifonly 1 要是就好了 iwishifonlyiknewhisname ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice ifonlyicouldseehimagain 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了 要是我没错过火车就好了 ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus ifonlyihadn tmissedthetrain 2 aslongas常用陈述语气 如果我们紧密团结就一定能战胜一切困难 wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultiesifonlywearecloselyunited 6 it snecessary strange natural important that clause从句中的动词要用虚拟 即 should 动词原形 itisimportantthatwe should masteraforeignlanguage itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty it snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard 7 otherwise和supposing也可以引导虚拟语气 例如 thestormstopped otherwisethesailorswouldhavefallenintothesea i mgettingcold otherwiseiwouldkeepher suppose supposing yourfriendsknewhowyouarebehavinghere whatwouldtheythink 8 sothat与inorderthat二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用may might can could etc 动词原形shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemighthavemoretimetostudyit shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatsheminghtdiscoverexactlywhathewanted hewenttothestationinataxisothatheshouldnotmissthetrain 9 用 may 动词原形 表示祝愿 但愿 此时may须置于句首 maygoodluckbeyours 祝你好运 mayyoubehappy 祝你快乐 mayyoudoevenbetter 祝你取得更大成就longlivethepeople 人民万岁 godblessyou saidthepriest 牧师说 愿上帝保佑你 含蓄条件句 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来 只暗含在上下文中 这种句子叫做含蓄条件句 含蓄条件句大体有三种情况 1 条件暗含在短语中 如 whatwouldihavedonewithoutyou 条件暗含在分词短语withoutyou中 itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway 条件暗含在不定式短语todoitthisway中 butforyourhelpwecouldn thavesucceededintheexperiment 暗含条件是butforyourhelp thissamething happeninginwartime wouldleadtoadisaster 条件暗含在分词短语happeninginwartime中 hemusthavethestrengthofahippopotamus orhenevercouldhavevanquishedthatgreatbeast 暗含条件是连词or alone hewouldhavebeenterrified 暗含条件是alone 2 条件暗含在上下文中 如 youmightstayhereforever 可能暗含ifyouwantedto wewouldhavesucceeded 可能暗含ifwehadkepttrying yourreputationwouldberuined 可能暗含ifyoushouldacceptit iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime 可能暗含ifyouweresokindastogivemealittleofyourtime 3 在不少情况下 虚拟式已变成习惯说法 很难找出其暗含的条件 如 youwouldn tknow 你不会知道 iwouldliketocome 我愿意来 iwouldn thavedreamedofit 这是我做梦也不会想到的 hetoldthestoryinsuchminutedetailthathemighthimselfhavebeenaneye witness 他将那事讲的非常仔细 简直就象他亲眼看见一样 1hesuggestedthatthemeetingputoff a notbeb shouldnotc wouldn td benot2itisstrangethatheso a thinksb thinkc thoughtd willthink3iwishimyuncleyesterday a metb havemetc wouldmeetd hadmet4theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperimentbefore6 a wasfinishedb willfinishc befinishedd shallbefinished 5 shesaysshe dratherhe tomorrowinsteadoftoday a hadb shouldleavec leavesd left6 it salready5o clocknow don tyouthinkit sabouttime a wearegoinghomeb ifsheleavesc wewenthomed ifshehadleft 7it shightimehehome a goesb wentc willgod isgoingtogo8yousucceedandyoubehealthy a may mayb wish wishc hope hoped should may9galileoinsistedthattheearthroundthesun a shouldmoveb movec movesd aorb 10ifonlyi tomyparents advice a listeningb listenc amlisteningd hadlistened11 whydidn tyoucometothepartyyesterday i butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme a didb wouldc hadd wasgoingto12i dratheryou methenews a nottellb nottotellc didn ttelld hadn ttold 1 theboywhowentswimmingintheno swimmingzonedrownedintheriver iftheboyhadn tgoneswimmingintheno