Unit 1 People around us.doc

Revision for Module One Unit 1 People around usWordsn W1. person n. 人n pl. persons/ peoplen person是个体名词，泛指人类里面的任何一个。n people作“人”讲时是集体名词，表复数概念，指人类里面的一群。n 注意，当people作“民族”讲时是个体名词，复数是peoples。n e.g. Do you know the person over there?People love having cats as pets.The English-speaking peoples share a common language.n W2. cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的n cheer n. 欢呼 v. 欢呼；使高兴；加油n e.g. Do you know why he is always so cheerful?n 各种“高兴；开心；快活；愉快” ：n happy joyful joyous merry glad pleased pleasant delighted sunny blissful chipper blithe ecstatic jolly thrilled excited jubilant gleeful exultant elated gay.n W3. hard-working adj. 工作努力的；勤奋的n opposite word: lazy adj. 懒惰的n e.g. I think Simon is a hard-working student.n 各种“勤奋的；勤勉的” ：n diligent industrious assiduous .n 注意：hard-working是形容词，work hard是动词词组。n 对比：He is a hard-working doctor.He works hard to cure the patients.n W4. patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人n opposite word: impatient adj. 没耐心的n e.g. My mother always goes to that patient doctor.Dont worry! Be patient, please!She is my patient with lung cancer.n 以im-开头的表示否定的词与本词对比：n patient - impatient possible - impossible polite - impolite perfect - imperfectn W5. smart adj. 聪明的；机敏的；时髦的n opposite word: foolish adj. 笨的；愚蠢的n e.g. You are so smart. You can finish that difficult Maths problem in only five minutes.The smart lady is Tinas mother.n 各种“聪明的” ：n clever intelligent wise acute tack exquisite shrewd knowledgeable .n W6. probably adv. 很可能n probable adj. 可能的；大概的n e.g. You are probably right.It was probably her most popular song.n 各种“很可能；或许；也许” ：n maybe likely perhaps possibly .n W7. forget v. 忘记n forget - forgetting forget - forgot - forgottenn opposite word: remember v. 记得n 玩转forget：n forget后接人或事、物，表示“忘记某人/某事/某物”：n e.g. He forgot the name of his primary school class teacher.n forget后接to do sth表示“忘记去做某事（还没做）”（forget to do sth）：n e.g. Dont forget to reply to Jane in the morning.n forget后接doing sth表示“忘记做过某事（做完了）”（forget doing sth）：n e.g. He forgot buying that scarf in Paris.n 玩转remember：n remember后接人或事、物，表示“记得某人/某事/某物”：n e.g. Mary remembered her middle school English teacher.n remember后接to do sth表示“记得去做某事（还没做）”n （remember to do sth）：n e.g. You should remember to reply to Jane in the morning.n remember后接doing sth表示“忘记做过某事（做完了）”n （remember doing sth）：n e.g. I remember seeing the man somewhere.n W8. smell n. 气味 v. 闻；嗅n e.g. Many people dont like the smell of durians.n 玩转smell（作动词）：n (1)smell作行为动词时，后面直接跟宾语：n e.g. Smell the perfume. Do you like it?n (2)smell作系动词时，后接形容词来修饰主语：n e.g. The meat smells nice, but tastes terrible.n 各种系动词：n be am, is, are（状态系动词）；keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand（持续系动词）；seem, appear, look（表象系动词）；feel, sound, smell, taste（感官系动词）； become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run（变化系动词）；prove, turn out（终止系动词）.n W9. care n. 照顾 v. 关心；关注；在乎n e.g. Baby dogs and cats need a lot of care.n The only thing he cares about is money.n 玩转care：n careful adj. 仔细的；小心的 careless adj. 粗心的；漫不经心的 carefully adv. 仔细地；小心地 carelessly adv. 粗心地；草率地 carefulness n. 仔细；慎重 carelessness n. 粗心大意；草率n 各种care：n (1)care about sth 担心/在乎某事 e.g. She doesnt care about money.n (2)take care of sb 照顾某人 e.g. Ill take care of myself.n (3)care for sb 照顾某人（病人） e.g. She cared for her father in his dying year.n (4)care for sth 想要某物 e.g. Would you care for a drink?n (5)care to do sth 愿意做某事（用于礼貌性话语） = be willing to do sth e.g. Would you care to wait here, sir? n W10. miss v. 想念，怀念；错过；过失 n. 小姐；女士（用于未婚的女性，放在姓之前，要大写）n e.g. I miss my classmates in my primary school.n He missed the ball.n Are you Miss Huang?n W11. joke n. 玩笑 v. 说笑话；开玩笑n e.g. He is full of fun. He always tell jokes to make us laugh.n I didnt get the joke.n They are laughing and joking together.n 玩转joke：n play a joke on sb 开某人玩笑 have a joke 说笑话；开玩笑n Are you joking (me)? = Are you kidding (me)? 你在（和我）开玩笑吗？n W12. laugh v. 玩笑n laughter n. 笑；笑声n 注意：laugh中的的gh发/ f /音。n e.g. Why are you laughing so happily? n 玩转laugh：n laugh at 嘲笑. laugh about 讥笑. laugh with 和.一起笑n 各种“笑”：n smile（微笑） chuckle（咯咯笑） giggle（傻笑） smirk（假笑） titter（窃笑） snigger（暗笑） guffaw（大笑） taunt（嘲笑） deride（嘲笑）chortle（哈哈大笑） cachinnate（哄笑） simper（假笑） roar（狂笑） snicker（偷笑） grin（露齿而笑） ridicule（嘲笑）.n W13. remain v. 仍然是；保持不变n (1)remain通常用作系动词，后面可接名词、形容词、介词短语、分词作表语。n e.g. Peter became a manager, but Jack remained a worker.n I asked her a question, but she remained silent.n He had to remain in hospital until he was better.n The guests came in, but she remained sitting at the desk reading.n As before, he remained unmoved.n (2)remain也可用作不及物动词，表示“剩下；剩余；遗留”，这种情况不能用进行时态，也没有被动语态。n e.g. After the fire, very little remained of his house.n (3)remain指“某事有待于以后被处置”时，后面常接不定式的被动形式。n e.g. Many problems remain to be solved.n (4)remain作名词时表示“剩余物”，一般用其复数形式。n e.g. The archeologists found some remains of the Song Dynasty.n (5)remaining和left作为形容词均表示“剩余的”，区别是前者作前置定语，后者作后置定语。n e.g. There are still some apples left.n I bought a gift for her with the remaining money.n W14. strict adj. 严格的；严厉的n e.g. Shes very strict about things like homework.n 玩转strict：n be strict in sth 在某方面严格n be strict with sb 对某人严格n be strict about sth 对某事要求严格n 各种“严格”：n strict通常用于指对人的行为要求符合规范,一般译为“严格的”; severe多指由于客观需要而不能轻易改变规则和要求,含有冷酷无情之义,一般译为“严厉的”; stern则含有坚定不可动摇之义,多由人的性格所决定,一般译为“严谨的”。（语气上：severe stern strict） n W15. encourage v. 鼓励n e.g. Our PE teacher often encourages us to do more sport.n 剖析encourage：n encourage本身是由courage延伸出来的，courage作为名词表示“勇气”，加了en-则变成了“给予勇气”，也就是“鼓励”了。我们来认识几组由en-派生出来的词：n cage - encage 把关在笼子里 train - entrain 使上火车 plane - enplane 使上飞机 title - entitle 给（文、书）命名 rich - enrich 使.富裕 able - enable 使能够 n encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事n encourage with sth 用的方式鼓励某人n encourage by V-ing 为而鼓舞n encourage sb in sth 在某方面鼓励某人n W16. support n. 支持 v. 支持n supporter n. 支持者n e.g. Betty needs our support. Lets give her a hand.n Everybody else said I was wrong but Paul supported me.n 玩转support：n support in 在方面给予支持 support on 支撑在上 support with 用支撑 support by 靠得到支持 support sb against sth 支持某人去反对 in support of 支持/证明n (o)各种“支持”：n support指道义上或物质上支持某人,也可指对一项事业的支持或赞助; advocate指通过发表演说或写文章来表示支持、拥护,常暗示提倡某事或为某事辩护; uphold指把快要倒下的东西扶直并撑稳,引申指支持正受到攻击或挑战的某人或某事。 n W17. successful adj. 获得成功的n success n. 成功 succeed v. 成功 successfully adv. 成功地n e.g. Who do you think is the most successful person in the world?n 玩转successful：n successful at 在方面成功（侧重在行） successful in 在方面成功（侧重成功） successful with 做（事情）成功n W18. member n. 成员；身体部位（尤指胳膊和腿）n membership n. 会员资格；会员身份n e.g. There are about 30 members in the Robot Club.n W19. paragraph n. 段落n passage n. 文章；篇章 sentence n. 句子 word n. 字；词n e.g. Please read Paragraph 3 and find out the main idea.n W20. celebrate v. 庆祝n celebration n. 庆祝；祝贺n e.g. Its your birthday tomorrow, so we must celebrate.n W21. gift n.礼物n present n. 礼物n e.g. The two girls always exchanged Christmas gifts. n W22. hug n. 拥抱n e.g. There are about 30 members in the Robot Club.n 各种“拥抱”：n hug比较通俗,可表示任何形式的拥抱,可表示因为爱情而“拥抱”,也可表示因友情而“拥抱”; embrace则多指因爱情而“拥抱”; clasp则强调拥抱某一特定的部位,如腰、颈等。 n W23. perfect adj. 完美的n perfectly adv. 完美的n e.g. He is a perfect gentleman.Expressionsn E1. as well 除.之外；也n E2. tell jokes 讲笑话n E3. (be) strict about 对要求严格n E4. go to work 上班n E5. give up 放弃n E6. take care of 照顾；照料n E7. make fun of 嘲弄；照料n E8. wear glasses 戴眼镜n E9. all day and all night 夜以继日n E10. be good at 擅长（做）Language pointsn LP1. She takes time to help her child.n take time 意思是“花时间”，其后面可跟动词不定式（to do）。n e.g. Take time to check your answers before you hand in your test paper, please.n hand in 上交（作业、试卷等）n LP2. Grandma took care of my family.n take care of 意思是“关心；照顾”；和look after意思相近，可相互使用。n e.g. Nurses take care of patients in hospital.=Nurses look after patients in hospital.n LP3. I will never forget the taste, and the smell as well.n as well与as well as用法总结：n (1)as well：n as well常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于too或also，常位于句末，无须用逗号与句子分开。n e.g. I am going to London and my sister is going as well. n as well 在口语中也可用于句中，作“也好，也行”或“倒不如”解，用来缓和语气。n e.g. You may as well go. n as well 可以直接用于just后，用作应答语（可视为Its just as well.的省略），作“幸亏，幸而；无妨；没关系”解。n e.g. We were too late to see the film. Just as well. I hear it isnt very good.n (2)as well as：n as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，作“也，还”解。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致；而用not only .but also.连接时，谓语动词与后一项一致。 n e.g. Your wife as well as you is friendly to me. n as well as 用来表示同级比较，指“一样好”。 n e.g. He plays the guitar as well as you. n LP4. She often tells me jokes to make me laugh, but she never makes fun of others.n (1)tell jokes 意思是“开玩笑”，与have a joke意思相近，但前者可用tell sb jokes表达，后者只能用have a joke with sb来表达。n e.g. She often tells me jokes. = She often have a joke with me.n (2)make sb do sth 意思是“使某人做某事”。make后跟动词不定式时，to要省略。n e.g. The teacher made the students do a lot of homework.n (3)make fun of 意思是“嘲弄；取消”，与laugh at 意思相近。n e.g. The older children always make fun of him because of his accent.n =The older children always laugh at him because of his accent.n LP5. I hope we will always remain friends.n remain friends 意思是“还是朋友；保持朋友关系”。n e.g. You must tell me the truth, if we are to remain friends.n LP6. His classes are always full of fun.n (1) be full of 意思是“充满；装满”，同义词组是be filled with。n e.g. The bottle is full of milk. = The bottle is filled with milk.n (2) fun在这里作名词使用，意思是“乐趣；欢乐”；fun亦可以用作形容词，意思是“有趣的；使人欢乐的”。这句话可以简化为：His classes are always fun.n LP7. He uses lots of games in his teaching.n (1) lots of 和a lot of 一样，意思是“许多；很多”，后面可接可数名词或不可数名词。如果使用many (a large number of)或much (a large amount of)来表达“许多；很多”的话，注意many (a large number of)后只能接可数名词，much (a large amount of)后只能接不可数名词。n (2) teaching在这句话当中作名词用，意思是“教学”。n e.g. Linda wants to go into teaching.n LP8. Mr Li is strict about our studies, but he always encourages us and gives us support.n be strict about后面只能接sth，表示“对某事要求严格”。n e.g. Our teachers are always strict about our homework.n 同样，be strict with后面只能接sb，表示“对某人要求严格”。n e.g. He is very strict with his students.n LP9. He often says, “ Never give up and youll be successful.”n (1)give up意思是“放弃”，也可表示“投降；认输”，可作不及物动词用，也可后面跟名词或动词-ing形式等。n e.g. I give up; tell me what the answer is.n In fact Ive given up this idea.n He told me to give up smoking.n (2)Never give up.是祈使句，相当于 Dont give up forever.，意思是“永不放弃”。n (3)“Never give up and youll be successful.”是并列句，and前的分句用祈使句表达条件，and后的分句表达结果。这样的句子常常可以用if引导的条件句进行改写：If you never give up/ dont give up forever, youll be successful.n LP10. What does he look like?n What.like常用于表示“怎么样”的意思，与How意思相近，因此这个句子可以改成：How does he look?n 又如：Whats the weather like? = How is the weather?n What does the song sound like? = How does the song sound?n 另外，还有一个句型：What.think of.?和How.like.?可以互换。n e.g. What do you think of Shenzhen? = How do you like Shenzhen?n LP11. Every day, he goes to work and helps sick people.n (1)go to work意思是“去上班”，要注意work前不加定冠词the。n (2)sick people指“病人”，也可用the sick代替。n e.g. Doctors look after sick people/ the sick.n LP11. Sometimes he has to work all day and all night, but he still finds time to help me with my studies.n (1)all day and all night意思是“夜以继日，没日没夜”。n e.g. My neighbour is singing all day and all night.n (2)help sb with sth意思是“帮助某人做某事”。n e.g. Can you help me with the luggage?n LP12. Mothers Day is the time for us to say “Thank you” to our mums.n . is the time for sb to do sth意思是“是某人做某事的时候”。n e.g. Seven oclock is the time for me to get up every day.n LP13. In most countries, people celebrate Mothers Day on the second Sunday in May every year.n on the second Sunday in May意思是“五月的第二个星期日”，具体某一天前介词用on，月份前介词用in。我们复习一下in, on, at与时间的搭配。n in的用法：一段时间里，将来时表示一段时间后n 月份：in January in December 2020n 年份：in 2014n 一天中的某个部分：in the morning/ afternoon/ eveningn 一段时间，表示“多久以后”：in three days in two monthsn on的用法：某一天或某一天上下午等n 具体某一天：on Monday on 16 Decembern 具体某一天的某个时段：on Friday evening of 1 Mayn 某些节日：on Christmas Day on Thanksgiving Dayn 但是，如果时间前有next, this等限定词，则前面不加任何介词。n at的用法：某个时刻，某个瞬间n 具体时刻：at 3 oclockn 相当于具体时刻的词：at lunchtime at night at midnightn LP14. We can take them to the park or the cinema.n take sb to some place 意思是“带某人去某地”。n e.g. Can you take me to the nearest bus stop?n LP15. If you love your mum, why not plan a special Mothers Day for her?n why not 意思是“为何不”，常用于提出建议，后面接动词原形。n e.g. Why not go to the Science Museum this weekend?n 另外，Why not./ Shall we./ Lets.等都是用来提出建议的方式，因此上面的例句可以改为：n Shall we go to the Science Museum this weekend?n Lets go to the Science Museum this weekend.Grammarn G1. Revision for article. 复习冠词n 还记得什么是冠词吗？n 冠词是一种虚词，常放在名词前，用来说明名词的含义。n 冠词不能单独成为句子，只能作为名词修饰的一部分。n 冠词在句子中常弱读。n 冠词分为不定冠词与定冠词两种。n G2. Comparison between definite article and indefinite article. 不定冠词和定冠词比较冠词不定冠词a和an位于单数可数名词前，表示“一”的含义a用于辅音音素开头的单词前a cat a Europeana book a unitan用于元音音素开头的单词前an umbrellaan owl an houran honest girl冠词定冠词the表示特指的人或事物，可与单数或复数可数名词或不可数名词连用。在辅音音素开头的单词前读作/the carthe tall buildings in this city在元音音素开头的单词前读作/the apple in his handthe adventure to the Moonn G3. Using the definite article. 定冠词的用法n (1)特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。n e.g. The gentleman in brown is Alans grandfather.Paris is the capital of France.n (2)用在说话双方都明了的人或事物前。n e.g. Would you please open the door? Its a bit hot in the room.n (3)用在前文提到过的人或事物前。n e.g. I have a new book. The book is about the sea.n (4)用在世界上独一无二的事物前。n e.g. the Earth the sea the sky the Moonn (5)用在形容词最高级、序数词及only（作形容词时）前。n e.g. The Nile is the longest river in the world.Lily is always the first to school.Its the only way to go there.n (6) 用在same前。n e.g. Do Alice and Kitty live in the same city?The twins look the same.n (7) 用在江、河、海洋、海峡、群岛、山系等专有名词前。n e.g. the Yangtze River the Atlantic Ocean the South China Sea the English Channel the Philippines the Alpsn (8) 用在乐器名称前。n e.g. Mozart could play the piano perfectly when he was only six.Eddie, its time for you to practise the violin.n (9) 用在国名的全程和缩写前。n e.g. the Peoples Republic of China (the PRC)the United States of America (the USA)the United Kingdom (the UK)n (10) 用在一些表示方向、方位、时间、场所的固定词组中。n e.g. on the left/ right in the east in the distance in the morning/ afternoon/ evening in the beginningn (11) 用在radio前，表示“广播”。n e.g. Do you often listen to the radio?n (12) 用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示“全家人”。n e.g. The Lis usually go to the same place for holiday every year.The Smiths are making a trip in Beijing.G4. Using the zero article. 零冠词的用法n (1)在日期、月份等名词前不加the。n e.g. 10 October is my birthday.Uncle Tom will visit us in May.n (2)复数可数名词和不可数名词前不加the表示泛指。n e.g. Camels are very useful animals in the desert.Do yo