3,名词性从句.doc

语法复习二：名词性从句1 引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词： that, whether ,if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。例如：That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被选上了，我们很高兴。We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。 比较：whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代： 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语 4. 从句后有or not 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。例如： It is not important who will go. 谁去，这不重要。 It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢，形势尚不明朗。 2 名词性that-从句 1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如： 主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。例如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。 Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that 重要的是It is obvious that 很明显 b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that 从所周知It has been decided that 已决定 c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是 d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起 3 名词性wh-从句 1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。例如：主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：In ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位语：I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。形容词宾语：Im not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末。例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。 4 if, whether引导的名词从句 1）yes-no型疑问从句从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如： 主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。 宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。 表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。 同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。 形容词宾语： Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。 介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。2）选择性疑问从句 选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whetheror或whetheor not构成。例如： Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。 I dont care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。 5 否定转移 1）将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。例如： I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。 I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。例如： I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。2）将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。例如： It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。 It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3）有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。例如： I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。（not否定动名词短语 having） Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。（anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。）4）有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。例如： The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.（否定状语）蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。 He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. （否定because状语） 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。 She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.（否定状语many weeks）她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。练习：名词性从句一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. China is no longer what it used to be.2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.二、用适当的连词填空：1. I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy.2. Thats _ he refused my invitation.3. I am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.4. _ we need is more time.5. The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6. _ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me _ you are waiting for.8. Is that _ you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is?10. I dont know _ he will agree to the plan or not.三、选择填空：1. Do you see _ I mean?A. that B./C. howD. what2. Tell me_ is on your mind.A. thatB. whatC. which D. why3. We must stick to _ we have agreed on.A. whatB. thatC. /D. how4. Let me see _.A. that can I repair the radioB. whether -I can repair the radioC. I can repair the radioD. whether can I repair the radio5. Keep in mind _.A. that the teacher saidB. what did the teacher sayC. that did the teacher sayD. what the teacher said6. Could you advise me _?A. which book should I read firstB. what book should I read firstC. that book 1 should read firstD. which book I should read first7. He was criticized for _.A. he had done itB. what he had done C. what had he done D. that he had done it8. Would you kindly tell me _?A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway StationB. how I can get to the Beijing Railway StationC. where can I get to the Beijing Railway StationD. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _.A. what had she seen in ChinaB. that she had seen in ChinaC. what she had seen in ChinaD. which had she seen in China10. We took it for granted _A. that they were not comingB. that were they not comingC. they were coming notD. were they not coining11. I really dont know _A. I should do nextB. what should I do nextC. what I should do nextD. how I should do next12. Im afraid _.A. the little girl will have to be operated onB. that will the little girl have to operate onC. the little girl will have to operate onD. that will the little girl have to be operated on13. She walked up to _ .A. where did I stand B. where I stood C. I stood there D. where I stood there14. Can you tell me _?A. who is that gentlemanB. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman isD. whom .is that gentleman15. Well give you _.A. that do you needB. what do you needC. whatever you needD. whether do you need16. They want us to know _ to help us.A. what can they B. what they canC. how they can D. how can they17. We must put _ into practice.A. what we have learnedB. that we have learnedC. that have we learnedD. what have we learned18. Did she say anything about _?A. that the work was to be doneB. how was the work to be doneC. that was the work to be doneD. how the work was to be done19. He was never satisfied with _.A. what she had achievedB. had what she achievedC. she had achievedD. that she achieved20. These photographs will show you _.A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look likeD. how our village looks like21. Peter insisted _ he pay the bill.A. on thatB. whatC. thatD. on which22. They urged _ the library open during the vacation. A. whenB. whereC. whyD. that23. We wish we could have learned _ when we were at high school.A. what you did B. that you had doneC. that what you did D. what did you do24.1 will describe to you _ I saw when there.A. whatB. thatC. which D./25. From _ I should say he is a good worker.A. what 1 know of himB. that I do know of himC. what do I know of himD. that do I know of him26. I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it.A. whomever B. anyoneC. whoeverD. someone27._ they will come here hasn t been decided yet.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhenD. Where28. _ was said here must be kept secret.A. Who B. The thingC. Whatever D. Where29. It is still a question _ we shall have our sports meet.A. ifB. thatC. whatD. when30. Im going anyway. _ she will go is up to her to decide.A. If or notB. Whether or notC. IfD. That31. It is strange _ she have left without saying a word.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how32. It is very clear _ our policy is a correct one.A. whatB. thatC. why D. where33. _ Mr Zhang said is quite right.A. That B. WhenC. WhatD. Whether34. It has been decided _ he will be sent there.A. ifB. whether C. whyD. that35. It doesn t matter _he s come back or not.A. ifB. whetherC. thatD. when36. Its a great pity _ we wont be able to finish the task on time.A. when B. thatC. why D. where37. It happened _ I wasnt there that day.A. when B. whyC. where D. that38._ you have done might do harm to other people.A. What B. ThatC. Which D. The things39. _ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.A. Anyone B. The personC. Whoever D.Who40._ the 2000 Olympic Games wont be held in Beijing is known to all.A. Whether B. IfC. Whenever D. That 41. _ fails to see this will make a big mistake.A. That B. WhoeverC. Whether D. Whether or not42. _ we need more equipment is quite obvious.A. What B. WhetherC. ThatD. Whatever43. Has it been announced _?A. when are the planes to take offB. that are the planes to take offC. where are the planes to take offD. when the planes are to take off44. That is _ we all support his idea.A. whatB. whyC. whereD. when45. Thats _ we should do.A. thatB. whatC. howD. why46. _ is troubling me is _ I dont understand _ he saidA. What; that; whatB. What; what; whatC. That; that; whatD. Why; that; which47. Things were not _ they seemed to be.A. whenB. whyC. thatD. what48. Thats _ I want to say.A. all whatB. whatC. all whichD. what that49. Thats _ .A. where our differences lieB. our differences lie thereC. where do our differences lieD. that where our differences lie50. That is _ .A. where lived he thereB. where did he liveC. where he livedD. that where he lived51. The questions is _.A. whether is it worth doingB. that if it is worth doingC. whether it is worth doingD. if it is worth doing52. Water will continue to be _ it is today next in importance to oxygen.A. howB. whichC. whatD. as53. Thats_.A. how did I become a teacherB. how I became a teacherC. how a teacher I becameD. that I became a teacher54. They are just _.A. that what shall I haveB. what shall I haveC. that I shall have whatD. what I shall have55. It looked _.A. as if it was going to rainB. that as if it was going to rainC. as if was it going to rainD.