M小学英语介词连词学生.doc

介词连词学生：曾令祺 教师：程贝贝 上课时间：5月28日 上课进度：第四讲我要赶快学Part 1 介词一、表示时间常用的介词表示时间常用的介词有at, in, after, until, before, during.1. at at多用于表示表示具体的点钟前，如：at seven, at a quarter to one; 也可用于固定搭配中，如：at noon, at night.2. inin表示一段时间，用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上等。如：in the twenty-first century, in autumn, in the morning，还可以用于表示“从现在起多长时间之后或多久之后”的短语。3. onon主要用于在星期几，具体某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或节日前。如：on Mid-autumn Day 在中秋节on June 1st 在6月1日Exercise 11. Some volunteers from Beijing arrived in Shanghai _ April 29 to work for the World Expo.A. onB. atC. ofD. to2.Li Lei often goes to school _ 7:10 in the morning.A. atB. forC. onD. in3.What a healthy boy! He runs _ the morning every morning.A. inB. onC. atD. for4. Spring is the best season in Beijing. It usually comes _ March. A. onB. inC. toD. at 5.My uncle is coming to Beijing _ the morning of May 15.A. inB. onC. atD. to4. since, from和for（1）since指从某时一直延续至今，后街时间点，主句用完成时。如：He has lived here since 1993.（2）form说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。如：From now on, I will learn English in the morning.（3）for指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段，主句用于完成时。如：I have studied English for six years. Exercise 2用for 或since填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland Monday. 2. Tom has been in Paris three days.5. after（1）after表示以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，用于过去时。如：They finished the work after two years.（2）after与时间点连用表示将来某个时间之后。如：Ill ring you up after two oclock.6. “by+时间点”表示“到以前为止”，如果by后跟一个过去的时间点应用过去完成时。如：We had learned 1,000 words by the end of last term.7. “during+时间段”与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作。如：He lived with us during these years.8. until用于否定句中，意为“直到才”，其前的谓语动词多用瞬间性动词；用在肯定句中，意为“直到为止”，其前的谓语动词须用延续性动词。如：I didnt leave until my mother came home.I waited for my mother until she came home.9. before和after表示时间，分别意为“在之前”和“在之后”。如：Please bring your homework before ten oclock.Exercise 31.They will leave a week _ today.A. fromB. onC. byD. for2.He suddenly returned _ a rainy night.A. onB. atC. inD. during3.Mary had finished her homework_ the time I got home.A. untilB. byC. atD. when4.They didnt leave the station_ they get on the train.A. untilB. byC. afterD. at5.Nanjing is a beautiful city. It won “China Human Habitat Environment Prize” _ 2008.A. atB. onC. inD. by二、表示地点常用的介词1. in, on, toin表示在某一地区之内的某方位（属于该范围）；to表示在某一地区之外的某方位（不属于该范围）；on表示与某地的毗邻关系。如：Fujian is in the southeast of China.China is to the west of Japan. in on to 2. over, above, on（1）over指在的正上方，表示垂直在上。There are two stars over Hui Tailang.（2）above表示在上方，属于斜上方。如：Raise your arms above your head.3. at, in, on（1）at表示较小的地点如：at the bus stop, at home （2）in表示较大的地方如：in China, in the world（3）on表示在一个平面上如：on the farm, on the playground4. in front of，in the front of（1）in front of表示“在之前”（范围外）如：There are some trees in front of the classroom.（2）in front of表示“在之前”（范围内）（3）before所表示的位置关系和in front of相同，表示“在前”；“在面前”。如：He sits before me.5. below, underbelow表示“在下方或位置低于”，不一定有垂直在下之意；under表示“在正下方”。如：There are many bikes under the tree. The coat reaches below the knees.Exercise 41.Taiwan is _ the east of Fujian.A. inB. atC. toD. on2.My room is _ the third floor.A. atB. onC. inD. to3.Tom sits_the classroom while John sits_the room.A. in front of; at back ofB. in the front of; at the back ofC. in front of; at the back ofD. in the front of; at back of4.We can see a river running to the east_ the hill.A. underB. belowC. overD. on5. The boat is passing_ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across三、易混介词1. in和on的区别on the tree 表示枝、叶果实等长在树上in the tree 表示人或其他东西在树上on the wall 表示东西粘贴或挂在墙上in the wall 表示门、窗等嵌在墙上Exercise 5 1.He put up a map _ the back wall because there was a hole _ it.A. on; onB. at; inC. on; inD. on; at2.There is a door_ the wall.A. onB. toC. ofD. in3.There are some birds singing_ the trees.A. inB. onC. atD. from4.Dont read _ the sun. Its bad _ your eyes.A. in; toB. under; forC. with; toD. in; for5.The woman_ a blue dress is my teacher.A. inB. onC. ofD. at2. between和among的区别between常指“在两者之间”；among用于指“在三者或三者以上的人或物之间”。如：Maria sits between Lucy and Lily.Miss. Wang stands among her students.如果把三者及以上的人或事物分别看待，指每两者之间，也可用between. 如：You shouldnt eat between meals.Exercise 61.The tables in the restaurant are so close together that theres hardly any room to move _ them.A. amongB. betweenC. in the middle ofD. at the centre of2.English is widely used for business_ different countries.A. betweenB. toC. forD. on3.Is there any difference _ these two sentences?A. forB. inC. amongD. between4.We visited him at his workplace _ the young trees and ask him about his work.A. inB. amongC. betweenD. at5.The police station is _ the clothing shop _ the post office.A. between; andB. among; and C. near; ofD. on; right3. across, through, over和past的区别across和through都用于表示“穿过、越过”。across含有“从表面穿过”之意，表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across，through含有“从中间穿过”之意。如：He can swim across the river.She had to push her way through the crowd to get her son. over多指在空间范围上“超过”，而past指“经过”。如：The plane flew over a line of mountains in the southeast.He walked past a tree.Exercise 71.Two planes are flying_ the city.A. throughB. over ,C. on ,D. below2.The river runs_ the city.A. acrossB. throughC. overD. from3.It took us over an hour to walk_ this street.A. fromB. throughC. overD. across4.Do you see the kite _ the building?A. overB. crossC. onD. above5.There is a book-store _ our house.A. atB. throughC. acrossD. near4. for, to和towards的区别for常用在leave, start后，表示运动的方向或目的。如：Theyll leave for Beijing to attend a meeting next meeting.to接在go, come, return, move等词之后，表示目的地。如：When did you return to Guangzhou after the holiday?towards表示“朝、向”，只说明运动的方向，没有“到达”的意思。5. after与behind的区别两个词都有“在.之后”之意，behind只表示位置方面的之后，不能表示时间，而after表示时间、位置都可以。如：behind the school, after 5 oclock, after the house6. in, with和by表示“用”时的区别in主要表示“用语言、声音、原材料等”；with表示“用具体有形的东西”；by表示“用手段或方式”，后常接动名词。如：Can you sing this song in English? I write my homework with a pen.The girl made money by selling flowers.7. but, besides和except的区别but表示“除之外”，常与表示否定含义的词连用；expect表示“除之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除expect所带的人或物；besides表示“除之外（还有）”，它的意思是在原来的基础上加上besides除外的人或物，其前常有other, another, any other, a few等词。如：We can do nothing but wait.All the students went to the zoo except Jim.I have a few good friends besides you.8. by, in, on表示旅行方式by：（1）不涉及交通工具的名词时用by。如：by sea, by air; （2）涉及表示交通工具的名词，且该名词为单数形式，前面没有任何冠词或修饰语时用by。如：by ship, by plane。on或in：当旅行方式涉及确定的、特指的交通工具时用on或in，交通工具前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰词。在开放型或半开放型工具钱前用on，在封闭工具前用in。如：on my bike, in a car.9. in和after的区别in表示以此时此刻为起点的将来的一个时间段之后，常与将来时连用。注意：in the past意为“在过去”，与过去式连用，in the past/last +时间段，意为“在过去的中”表示从现在算起的过去的一段时间，包括此时此刻在内，常与现在完成时连用。如：In the past few years, great changes have take place in our school. after+时间段常与过去时间连用，after+时间点常与将来时连用。如：Thing changed a lot after five years.I will tell you after they leave.10. of sb. 与for sb.的区别of sb.“对于某人”，用于It is +形容词+of sb. to do sth. 句型中，形容词为clever, kind, nice等描述人物性格的词。如：Its very nice of you to help me with my homework.for sb. “对于某人”，用于It is +形容词+for sb. to do sth. 句型中，形容词为easy, important等不描述人物性格的词。如：It is important for us to have a healthy body.11. “动词+介词”和“动词+副词”的区别英语中动词短语有两类：“动词+介词”和“动词+副词”，前者宾语只可放在介词后，后者宾语为名词时可放在副词前或后，当宾语为代词时只可放在动词和副词之间。属于“动词+介词”型短语的词组有：look after, look like, look at, arrive at, get to, listen to, talk with, agree to, agree with, point at, hear from等。属于“动词+副词”型短语的词组有：put on, take off, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up, put away, write down, look up, try on等。12. be made/used 后介词的选择（1） be made常见结构 be made in 在某地制造 be made of和be made from都可以表示“由制成”，但be made of强调从成品上能看出原料，但是be made from从成品上看不出原料。be made into 被制成be made up of 由组成（2）be used常见结构 be used to = become used to 习惯于，后接名词、代词或动名词形式 be used to 被用来，后接动词原形 be used for意义相当于be used to do，但for后接动名词形式 be used as 被当作来使用 be used by 被使用 used to 过去常常，后接动词原形Exercise 81.The beautiful bottle was made _ glass.A. fromB. inC. ofD. by2.This kind of machine is made America, but it can also be made Chinese.A. in, byB. by, inC. in, ofD. by, for3.The kite is made paper.A. fromB. ofC. inD. by4.This TV set is made Shanghai.A. inB. ofC. byD. into5.These desks were made the students.A. ofB. fromC. inD. forPart 2 连词一、定义连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。二、连词的分类连词分为并列连词和从属连词。（一）并列连词并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：1.表并列关系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor等。I like swimming, and my mother likes swimming, too.（连接两个句子）Both my mother and I like swimming. （连接两个并列关系的词语）Not only my mother but also I like swimming. （连接两个并列关系的词语）I want neither to go to school nor to do homework. （连接两个短语）2. 表选择关系的or, eitheror等。Do you like apples or bananas?Either you or Jack must come here tomorrow. 除了表示选择关系外，or还有“否则”之意。Hurry up, or youll be late for school.3. 表转折关系的but, yet, while（然而）等。The watch was cheap, but it goes quite well. 这块表虽然便宜, 但走得很好。He said he was our friend, yet he wouldnt help us. 他说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我们。I am doing my homework, while Jean is busy playing games.4.表因果关系的for, so等。I had a fever yesterday, so I didnt want to do anything. He was late, for the traffic is always busy in the morning.注意：for表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。Exercise 91.We bought Granny a present, she didnt like it.A. butB. andC. orD. so 2.Run quickly, well miss the early train.A. andB. butC. soD. or3.Which would you like better, tea milk?- Tea, please.A. butB. andC. orD. with4.You must start right now, youll miss the train.A. forB. andC. soD. or5.I like fish, chicken, eggs.A. and, andB. and, withC. /, andD. and, /（二）从属连词从属连词用来引导名词从句和各类的状语从句。 1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词(1) 表示“当时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的有 when, while, as, whenever。如：Dont talk while youre eating. 吃饭时不要说话。Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。(2) 表示“在之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。如：Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。(3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till。如：Shes been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。Hold on until I fetch help. 坚持一下，等我找人来帮忙。Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. (谚)不要无事惹事。(4) 表示“一就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, once, no soonerthan, hardlywhen等。如：Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。The moment I have finished Ill give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开始, 便不可停下来。(5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。如：Ill tell him about it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每当我们洗手的时候，我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。注意：every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。 2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if, unless, as so long as, in case 等。如：Do you mind if I open the window? 我开窗你不介意吧?Dont come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。As long as youre happy，it doesnt matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。In case it rains they will stay at home. 万一下雨，他们就呆在家里。 3. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白。 4. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so that, sothat, suchthat等。如：I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找个好座位。I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. 我摔了许多跤，以致于全身都是青一块紫一块的。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大, 结果玻璃震破了。 5. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要的有because, as, since等。如：He distrusted me because I was new. 他不信任我，因为我是新来的。As you are sorry，Ill forgive you. 既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。Since weve no money, we cant buy it. 由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。 6. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。如：Although they are twins, they look entirely different. 他们虽是双胞胎, 但是相貌却完全不同。I like her even though she can be annoying. 尽管她有时很恼人, 但我还是喜欢她。You wont move that stone, however strong you are. 不管你力气多大, 也休想搬动那块石头。Whatever you do, you must tell your mother. 不管你做什么都必须要告诉你妈妈。Whoever you are, you cant pass this way. 不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。Whenever I see him I speak to him. 每当我见到他，我都和他讲话。 7. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as, as if, as though等。如：Why didnt you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber. 他将铁棍折弯，仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。 8. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。如：The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。Ill take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪儿我就带你到哪儿。Everywhere I go，I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。 9. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和asas。如：She was now happier than she had ever been. 现在她比过去任何时候都快活。I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought. 我看了看表，时间比我想像的早。He doesnt work as hard as she does. 他工作不像她那样努力。 10. 引导名词从句的从属连词。主要有that, whether, if 等，它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中that 不仅没充当句子成分，而且没有词义，在句子中只起连接作用；而 if, whether 虽不充当句子成分，但有词义，即表示“是否”。如：He replied that he was going by train. 他回答说他将坐火车去。I wonder if its large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我为是否伤了她的感情而担心。Exercise 101.Ill give the book to him he comes back.A. sinceB. as soon asC. beforeD. until2.Dont cross the road the light turns green.A. whenB. whileC. untilD. as3.Miss. Gao has been a teacher 1990.A. beforeB. afterC. sinceD. in4.We love spring there are beautiful flowers every where.A. thoughB. butC. orD. because5.Please leave 7:00, then youll be able to get there earlier.A. till, inB. from, /C. before, /D. behind, to6.The teacher didnt begin the lesson all the students stopped talking.A. untilB. afterC. ifD. because7.Betty didnt go to see the film yesterday she was ill.A. butB. untilC. ifD. because8. he is a child of six, he can read and write.A. WhoseB. IfC. ThoughD. Because9.Take this dictionary with you you may use it in class.A. whenB. in order toC. butD. so that10. she was not well, I decided to go without her.A. ThoughB. AsC. WhenD. Because ofExercise 12一、单项选择1.China lies _ the east of Asia and _ the north of Australia.A. to; toB. in; toC. to; inD. in; on2._ the afternoon of March 8, the women in the city had a big party.A. ToB. InC. AtD. On3.We all agree _ you. Lets start at once.A. toB. forC. withD. on4.Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her.A. besidesB. aboutC. exceptD. with5.Timmy goes to school _ every day. Its 5 minutes walk from his home to school.A. in a busB. by planeC. on footD. by boat6.Mum, today is Mothers Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _ us at Shanghai Restaurant, which is famous _ its seafood.A. with; ofB. with; forC. for; toD. to; for7.He ran_ fast _ he won the race.A. enough toB. so thatC. tootoD. bothand8.He is only ten months. He can_ read _ write.A. eitherorB. neithernorC. bothandD. sothat9.She said she might come _ Saturday _ Sunday.A. neithernorB. eitherorC. tootoD. sothat10.It was already ten oclock _ we got to the museum this morning.A. thatB. whenC. ifD. for11.That maths problem is _ difficult_ nobody can do it.A. tootoB. verythatC. sothatD. very but12.Ill give her the message _ she comes back.A. sinceB. beforeC. untilD. as soon as13.Are you sure _ Mr. Li will come to your birthday party?A. ifB. thatC. forD. when14.Read the sentences slowly _ we can understand what you read.A. so thatB. beforeC. untilD. because15.Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?A. andB. thenC. orD. otherwise16.How can I wake up so early?Set the alarm at 5 oclock, _ youll make it.A. butB. orC. andD. so17.Information technology is taught in most schools, _ we have entered the information society.A. soB. whileC. stillD. for18.English is understood all over the world _ Turkish is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.A. whileB. whenC. ifD. as19. I asked him whether he had done all the work himself _ whether he had had any assistance.A. andB. butC. norD. or20._ I had walked for six hours, I was tired out.A. AfterB. BeforeC. WhenD. As一、根据汉语写单词。1. They are going to _(庆祝) their victory with music and dancing. 2. The doctor _(表扬)our daughter for her courage this morning.3. There are newspapers _(到处) in the house.4. Whats your _(最喜欢的)color?5. The little girl is wearing a _(粉色的)dress.6. Spring has come and the trees are thick with green _(叶子).7. I think it _ (不可能)to believe you.8. We were talking on the phone when, _(突然),the line went dead.9. We should make