全新版大学英语综合教程4Fighting+with+the+forces+of+natureppt课件.ppt

FightingwiththeForcesofNature Unit1BookFour Studentswillbeableto Graspthemainideaandstructureofthetext DoacomparisonandcontrastbetweenNapoleon sinvasionofRussiaandHitler sinvasionoftheSovietUnion AppreciatethecoherenceachievedintheintroductionMasterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructure Conductaseriesofreading listening speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit Objectives NCE B4 Lead inQuestion Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature 1 Whichismorepowerful manornature 2listthecaseswheretheforcesofnaturearetoopowerfultoberesisted BR 1 1 BackgroundoftheSong Thesongyouareabouttohearisbasedonatruestory IttellsthetaleofthesinkingofashipcalledTheEdmundFitzgeraldthatwascaughtinastormonLakeSuperiorbackinNovember1975 withthelossofallonboard LakeSuperiorisanenormouslakeandthewindcanattimesmakeitdangeroustoshipping whippinguphugewaves Novemberisaparticularlydangerousmonthforsuchstorms ThishadlongagobeennoticedbyalocalnativeAmericantribe theChippewa whousedtospeakofhowdeaththreatenedfromthelakewhenstorm BR 1 1 stormcloudsgatheredinNovember Accordingtolegend thebiglake whichtheycalledGitcheGumee waswithoutmercyinthatmonth nevergivingupthoseithadmarkedfordeath ItisthislegendthatstartsthesongbeforeitmovesontotalkofTheEdmundFitzgerald TheEdmundFitzgerald likemanyothershipsthatsailthelake wasbuilttocarryironore Filledwithoretheseshipslielowinthewaterandcanfindthemselvesindifficultiesinroughweather So withafullloadonboardwecanimaginetheanxietythatmusthavebeguntocreepintotheheartsofthesailorsonboardTheEdmundFitzgerald BR 1 1 astheyfeltthecoldwindbeginningtoriseandheardthesoundofitsingingasitblewthroughthewires For despitethefactthatthecaptainandcrewwereallexperienced well seasoned asthesongsays theyallknewthedangersofNovemberstorms Beforelongtheirworsefearsstartedtocometrueandthestormhadrisentoahurricane Thedespairofthecrewiscapturedinthewordsofthecook Firsthecomesondecktotellthesailorsitistooroughtocook theywillhavetowaitfortheirsupper Thenextwehearfromhimheissayinggoodbyetohisshipmates Waterispouringintotheship Thecaptainsendsoutadistresssignal butthatisthelastthatisheardfromtheship Itisswallowedupbythelake BR 1 1 leavingnothingbehindbutthemourningfamiliesofthetwenty ninesailorsandthesoundofthechurchbellringingintheirmemory Nowlet slistentothesong BR AnEnglishSong 3 BlankFilling ThelivesonfromtheChippewaondownOfthebiglaketheycallGitcheGumeeThelake itissaid neverherdeadWhentheskiesofNovemberturngloomyWithaloadofironorethousandtonsmoreThantheEdmundFitzgeraldweighedemptyThatgoodshipandtruewasabonetobechewedWhentheofNovembercameearlyTheshipwastheprideoftheAmericansideComingbackfromsomemillinWisconsinAsthebigfreightersgo itwasmost legend givesup twenty six gales biggerthan BR 2 3 WithacrewandgoodcaptainwellseasonedConcludingsometermswithsteelfirmsWhentheyleftfullyloadedforClevelandAndlaterthatnightwhentheship sbellrangCoulditbethey dbeenfeelingThewindinthewiresmadeatattle talesoundAndawavetherailingAndeverymanknew asthecaptaindidtooT wasthewitchofNovembercomestealingThecamelateandthebreakfasthadtowaitWhentheGalesofNovembercameslashingWhenafternooncameitwasfreezingrain acoupleof thenorthwind brokeover dawn BR 2 4 ahurricanewestwindWhensuppertimecame theoldcookcameondecksayingFellas it syaAtsevenPMamainhatchwaycavedin hesaidFellas it sbeengoodtoknowyaThecaptainwiredinhehadwatercominginAndthegoodshipandcrewwasAndlaterthatnightwhenhislightswentoutofsightCametheoftheEdmundFitzgeraldDoesanyoneknowwheretheloveofGodgoesWhenthewavesturntheThesearchersallsaythey dhavemadeWhitefishBay Inthefaceof tooroughtofeed inperil wreck minutestohours BR 2 4 Ifthey dputfifteenmoremilesbehindherTheymighthaveortheymighthavecapsizedTheymayhavebrokedeepandtookwaterAndallthatisthefacesandthenamesOfthewivesandthesonsandthedaughtersLakeHuronrolls SuperiorsingsIntheroomsofhermansionOldMichigansteamslikeayoungman sdreamsTheandbaysareforsportsmenAndfartherbelowLakeOntarioTakesinwhatLakeEriecansendher splitup remains icewater islands liveson BR 2 4 AndtheironboatsgoasthemarinersallknowWiththeGalesofrememberedInamustyinDetroittheyprayedIntheMaritimeSailors CathedralThechurchbellchimedtillitrangtwenty ninetimesForeachmanontheEdmundFitzgeraldThelegendfromtheChippewaondownOfthebiglaketheycallGitcheGumeeSuperior theysaid neverherdeadWhenthegalesofNovembercomeearly November oldhall givesup BR AnEnglishSong2 QuestionsabouttheSong Listentothesongandanswerthefollowingquestions IttookplaceonLakeSuperiorinNovember1975 1 Whereandwhendidthestormtakeplace BecausetheyknewthedangersofNovemberstormsandthestormhadrisentoahurricane 2 Whydidthecrewfeartheworst Theme relatedidioms Manwilltriumphovernature 人定胜天 Manproposes Goddisposes 谋事在人 成事在天 Stormsgatherwithoutwarning 天有不测风云 IcyDefender TextA Outline I BackgroundinformationII Questions answersIII StructuresofthetextIV TextAnalysisV WordStudyVI Writingstrategy I BackgroundInformation A BonaparteNapoleonB AdolfHitlerC ResistanceagainsttheInvasionD Anti fascistAlliance A NapoleonBonaparte 1769 1821 LinksNapoleonBonaparte FirstEmperorofFranceTheNapoleonicWarsTheNapoleonSeriesTheArmchairCommander sSiteToTheNapoleonicEraChronologicalOrder BattleofWaterlooTheMilitaryHistoryPage CulturalNotes NapoleonBonaparte 1769 1821 emperoroftheFrench whoconsolidatedandinstitutionalizedmanyreformsoftheFrenchRevolution Oneofthegreatestmilitarycommandersofalltime heconqueredthelargerpartofEurope During1802 1815NapoleontriedtogaincontrolofthewholeofEurope Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature CulturalNotes HehadgreatsuccessagainstallhisenemiesexceptBritain whosenavyundernelsondefeatedtheFrenchnavyattheBattleofTrafalgarIn1805 andwhosearmyfoughtthePeninsularWaragainsthimfrom1808to1814 makinghimweakerinhisothercampaigns In1812NapoleonlosthalfamillionmenwhenheinvadedRussiainwinter andIn1814theBritish Russians andAustriansenteredParis NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature previous index break over more CulturalNotes HehadgreatsuccessagainstallhisenemiesexceptBritain whosenavyundernelsondefeatedtheFrenchnavyattheBattleofTrafalgarIn1805 andwhosearmyfoughtthePeninsularWaragainsthimfrom1808to1814 makinghimweakerinhisothercampaigns In1812NapoleonlosthalfamillionmenwhenheinvadedRussiainwinter andIn1814theBritish Russians andAustriansenteredParis NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature previous index break over more CulturalNotes previous back index break over TheysentNapoleontoruletheislandofElbaintheMediterranean buthecollectedanarmyaroundhimandreturnedtoParis Hewassoondefeatedagain attheBattleofWaterlooin1815 andwassenttotheislandofStHelenainthesouthAtlantic wherehediedin1821 NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature theBattleofWaterloo FinalanddecisiveactionoftheNapoleonicWars thateffectivelyendedFrenchdominationoftheEuropeancontinentandbroughtaboutdrasticchangesinthepoliticalboundariesandthepowerbalanceofEurope FoughtonJune18 1815 nearwaterloo inwhatisnowBelgium thebattleranksasagreatturningpointinmodernhistory CulturalNotes back index break over NCE B4 Thebattlefieldwassituatedaroundthreelargefarmhouses OnthefarleftwastheHOUGOUMONThouse seepictureabove Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature BR 3 2 1 1 Napoleon sChronology Date Event August15 1769 BorninAjaccio Corsia April1796 Italiancampaignbegan May1798 Bonaparte sEgyptiancampaignbegan WaroftheSecondCoalition May June1800 Bonaparte ssecondItaliancampaign May1804 ReferendumproclaimedBonaparteashereditaryEmperor BR 3 2 1 2 Napoleon sChronology Date Event December2 1804 ThepopewasbroughttoParisforhiscoronationinNotreDame June1812 InvasionofRussia September7 1812 BattleofBorodino October1812 RetreatfromMoscowbegan January1814 AlliescrossedtheRhine BR 3 2 1 3 Date Event March31 1814 Parisfell April6 1814 Napoleonabdicated March20 1815 NapoleonescapedfromElbaandreturnedtoParis June18 1815 BattleofWaterloo May5 1821 NapoleondiedonSaintHelena 600 000soldiers EntryintoMoscow MoscowinFlamesNapoleonWatchingtheBurningofMoscow RetreatthroughRussia RedLine RetreatRoute Lessthan100 000soldiers 600 000soldiers B AdolfHitler 1889 1945 TheNaziparty s1936NurembergRally Germanpoliticalandmilitaryleaderandoneofthe20thcentury smostpowerfuldictators HitlerconvertedGermanyintoafullymilitarizedsocietyandlaunchedWorldWarIIin1939 Hemadeanti Semitism 反犹太主义 akeystoneofhispropagandaandpoliciesandbuilttheNaziPartyintoamassmovement Hehopedtoconquertheentireworld andforatimedominatedmostofEuropeandMuchofNorthAfrica HeenforcedhisideaofracialpurityamongGermanpeopleandcausedtheslaughterofmillionsofJews Slavicpeoples andmanyothers allofwhomheconsideredinferior HitlerwasborninBraunau ontheborderbetweenthemulti ethnicempireofAustriaHungaryandtheGermanReich in1889 thefourthchildofKlaraandAloisHitler HewantedtobeanartistbutwasrejectedbytheViennaAcademyofArt Hewasputbehindbarsin1923 Whileinprison HitlerdictatedthefirstvolumeofMeinKampf MyStruggle afterhisreleasehecontinuedwithasecondvolume In1919hejoinedthefascistGermanWorkers Party DAP Demonstratingraretalentasarabble rouser heplayedtotheresentmentsofright wingers promisingextremist remedies toGermany sproblems includingthekillingofJews whichfewbelievedwouldeverbeenacted ByJuly1921hewastheunquestionedleaderofwhathadbecometheNSDAP theNaziParty NationalSocialistGermanWorker sParty Nazi anabbreviationofthe1stpartoftheGermanname Nationalsozialistische Atthetimeofruraleconomicdepression the1929crash andmassunemployment voterswereintherightframeofmindtomovehisway andby1932theNaziscouldnolongerbeignoredbyGermany spolitical lites AlthoughhispartyneverwonanoverallmajorityinGermany on30January1933Hitlerbecamechancellorofacoalitiongovernment Anti Semitism 反犹太主义 Hitlerbelievedthathistorywastherecordofstrugglesamongraces HeheldthatthesuperiorAryanrace centeredinGermany wouldbethefinalvictorandwouldruletheworld Aryan 雅利安人 a relatingtowhitepeoplefromnorthernEurope especiallythosewithpalehairandblueeyes whowerebelievedbytheNazistobebetterthanmembersofallotherraces Lebensraum LivingSpace HitlerarguedthatGermanyneededlargeamountsofterritoryinwhichtoexpand aneedthathewouldmeetbyconqueringterritoryandexpellingorkillingthelocalpopulations Suchmeasuresnaturallyrequiredwars butnotforpoliticaloreconomicobjectives Hitler swarswouldbefoughttowinvaststretchesoflandonwhichGermansettlerswouldraiselargefamilies EndingofHitlerInAprilof1945 Hitlermovedintotheundergroundcomplexhouselocated50feetbelowtheChancellerybuildingsinBerlin AtthenoonofApril30 HitlerattendedhislastmilitarysituationconferenceandwastoldtheSovietswerejustablockaway At2p m Hitlersatdownandhadhislastmeal avegetarianlunch Hischauffeurwasthenorderedtodeliver200litersofgasolinetotheChancellerygarden HitlerandhiswifeEvathenbidafinalfarewelltotheirremainingmilitaryaidesandstaffmembers Hitlerandhiswifethenwentbackintotheirprivatequarterswhileothersremainedquietlynearby Severalmomentslateragunshotwasheard Afterwaitingafewmoments BormannandGoebbelsenteredandfoundthebodyofHitlersprawledonthesofa drippingwithbloodfromagunshottohisrighttemple EvaBraunhaddiedfromswallowingpoison Thebodieswerecarrieduptothegarden dousedwithgasolineandburnedwhileBormannandGoebbelsstoodbyandgaveafinalNazisalute Theremainswerethensweptintoacanvas placedintoashellcraterandburied BR 3 Hitler sChronology Hitler sChronology Date Event 1914 1918 VolunteerinGermanArmy Wounded gassed anddecorated November11 1923 ArrestedforleadingtheMunichBeerHallputsch coup againsttheGermannationalgovernment April23 1889 BorninBraunau upperAustria sonofacustomsofficial September1919 JoinedGermanWorkers Party whichhereorganizedastheNationalSocialistGermanWorkers Nazi Party BR 3 Hitler sChronology Date Event August19 1934 FollowingthedeathofPaulvonHindenburg Hitlerassumedpresidencywhilemaintaininghisothertitleaschancellor September1 1939 InvadedPoland provokingBritainandFrancetodeclarewaronGermanytwodayslater January30 1933 AppointedchancellorafterNaziswonone thirdofvotes March7 1936 SenttroopsintotheRhinelandinviolationoftreatiesofVersaillesandLocamo April30 1945 CommittedsuicideinBerlinbunker BR ChronologyoftheWar ChronologyoftheWar Date Event April 1940 DenmarkandNorwaywereconquered June22 1941 Hitlerlaunchedhislong termattackontheSovietUnion September1 1939 TheSecondWorldWarinEuropestartedwithGermanarmiespouringacrossthePolishfrontier May10 1940 Hitler stroopsdroveintoFranceandwithinthefollowingsixweeks Holland BelgiumandLuxembourghadsurrenderedashadFrance BR 3 3 1 Date Event September 1942 February 1943 AdecisivebattlewasfoughtatStalingrad whichwastheturningpointofthewar December 1941 TheU S A enteredthewarafterJapaneseplanesbombedtheAmericannavalbaseatPearlHarbor June6 1944 American BritishandCanadianforceslandedinNormandyandopenedthesecondfrontinEurope May2 1945 TheSovietarmytookBerlin May7 1945 Germanysurrendered C ResistanceagainsttheInvasion 1939 19451941 1943 StalinandVoroshilov 1938 BR 4 1 NorthernCalifornia JosephStalin 1879 1953 GeneralsecretaryoftheCommunistPartyoftheUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics USSR 1922 1953 andchairmanoftheCouncilofMinistersoftheUSSR 1941 1953 UnderhisleadershiptheUSSRwasbuiltintoamoderneconomicandmilitarypowerthatrepelledHitler sarmiesinWorldWarIIandrivaledtheUnitedStatesduringtheColdWarperiod JosephStalin GeorgyKonstantinovichZhukov theSovietMarshal D TheAnti FascistAllianceConferenceatYalta inFebruary1945 AttendedbySovietLeaderJosephStalinBritishPrimeMinisterWinstonChurchill andU S PresidentFranklinRoosevelt Photocredit U S NationalArchives TheconferenceatYalta February1945 ThePotsdamConferencewasheldinPotsdam nearBerlin fromJuly17toAugust2 1945 PotsdamConference meetingoftheheadsofgovernmentoftheUnitedStates theUSSR andtheUnitedKingdom TheU S wasrepresentedbyPresidentHarryS TrumanandtheUSSRbyPremierJosephStalin TheUnitedKingdomwasrepresentedatfirstbyPrimeMinisterWinstonChurchillandlaterbythenewprimeminister ClementRichardAttlee Cecilienhof siteof1945PotsdamConference TheBridgefromBerlintoPotsdamwhereinformertimesprisonerswereexchangedbetweentheEastandtheWest aCouncilcomposedoftheForeignMinistersoftheUnitedKingdom theUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics China France andtheUnitedStates shallnormallymeetinLondonwhichshallbethepermanentseatofthejointSecretariatwhichtheCouncilwillform Asitsimmediateimportanttask theCouncilshallbeauthorizedtodrawup withaviewtotheirsubmissiontotheUnitedNations treatiesofpeacewithItaly Rumania Bulgaria HungaryandFinland andtoproposesettlementsofterritorialquestionsoutstandingontheterminationofthewarinEurope II Questions Answers Scanthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions back 1 Whatshouldbereckonedwithinamilitarycampaign Weathercondition 2 WhatwastheRussianwinterregardedasintheauthor sopinion Anicydefender 3 WhatisthecommonmistakeNapoleonandHitlerbothmadeintheinvasionofRussianandtheSovietUnion NapoleonandHitlerbothunderestimatedtheseverityoftheraw bitter bleakRussianwinter 4 WhendidNapoleonoccupyMoscow Onthe13thofSeptember 1812 Napoleon smainbodyoftheGrandArmyreachedtheoutskirtsofMoscow Buttheoccupationofthecapitalcitybecameanemptyvictory 5 Whycouldn tNapoleonoccupyMoscowlong BecausetheRussiansdestroyedtwo thirdsofthecityandNapoleonrealizedthathecouldnotfeed clotheandquarterhisarmyinMoscowduringthewinter InOctober1812 heorderedhisGrandArmytoretreatfromMoscow 6 Wastheretreatasuccessfulone No itwasanightmareandmorethanfiftythousandFrenchsoldierswerekilled 7 WhydidHitlerfailtoreachMoscowintheauthor sopinion Anearly severewintersettledovertheSovietUnion theharshestinyears Temperaturesdroppedtominus48degreesCelsius Para 16 8 Whatarethedecisivefactorsdeterminingthefateofawar Therearealotofelementswhichmaydeterminethefateofawar suchaspowerofthearmy weapons supplies strategies locationsandweatherconditionsaswell 9 WhatwasthetroubleHitlerhadinthewar Starling sscorching the earthstrategy longandsustainingresistancebytheRedArmy badweather 焦土政策坚壁清野 10 WhydidHitlerlaunchthewaragainsttheSovietUnion HehadtheideaofLebensraum LivingSpace thatGermanyneededlargeamountsofterritoryinwhichtoexpand aneedthathewouldmeetbyconqueringterritoryandexpellingorkillingtheLocalpopulations Suchmeasuresnaturallyrequiredwars butnotforpoliticaloreconomicobjectives Hitler swarswouldbefoughttowinvaststretchesoflandonwhichGermansettlerswouldraiselargefamilies 11 WhatwasthesignificanceofthebattleofStalingrad ThelossofthebattleforStalingradturnedthetideagainstHitler TheGermanvictorieswereover 12 WhycouldRussiaandSovietUnionwinthewarswhentheywerestillweak BecausetheweatherwasfavorabletoRussiaandtheUSSR thecountryisspaciousenoughfortheRedArmytobeflexibletofightbackandthenationandpeoplewereunitedasone 因为他们天时 地利 人和 GR 2 4 13 WhatconclusiondoestheauthordrawfromNapoleon sandHitler smilitarycampaigns Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign GR PartDivisionoftheText1 PartDivisionoftheText Parts Para s MainIdeas 2 1 1 2 Introduction BothNapoleon sandHitler smilitarycampaignsfailedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter 3 11 Napoleon smilitarycampaignagainstRussia GR PartDivisionoftheText2 Parts Para s MainIdeas 3 12 20 Hitler smilitarycampaignagainsttheSovietUnion 4 21 Conclusion Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign TextAnalysis AComparisonandcontrastanalysisofthetwoinvasions 1 Invasioncountry 2 Countryinvaded 3 Starterofwar 4 Startingtimeofinvasion 5 Strengthofinvadingforce 6 Prediction 7 Initialresistancestrategy 8 Majorbattles 9 Biggestenemyfortheinvadingforce 10 Turningpoint 11 Fateoftheinvadingforce 12 Warstarter sfate back France Napoleon Prediction Strengthofinvadingforce Startingtimeofinvasion Starterofwar Countryinvaded Invadingcountry GR text1 AComparison and ContrastAnalysisoftheTwoInvasions Spring 1812 600 000 quickvictory conquestofRussiain5weeks Germany SovietUnion Hitler 6 22 1941 thelargestlandcampaigninhistory Blitzkrieg lightningwar lastingnolongerthan3months TextAnalysis Russia GR text2 AComparison and ContrastAnalysisoftheTwoInvasions TextAnalysis Truceoffer Majorbattles CaptureoftheRussiancapital Initialresistancestrategy refusingtostandandfight retreatingeastwards burningcropsandhomes scorchtheearth fiercefighttodefendmajorcities yes no Smolensk Borodino theBerezinaRiver Leningr