专八阅读理解练习题.doc

passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice)In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questionedThere are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillagingImportant people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence as if it were a legitimate solution, like any otherWhat is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at allWe may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchangedThe whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothingWe have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acuteThe sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothingNo solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit usThe truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearingThey are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcementIf half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solutionOur strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wakeIn a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programmeThe benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around usGenuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the lawBefore we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each others problemsAnd to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging informationTalk, talk, talk,the advocates of violence say,all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiserIts rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judgeAfter listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiserPossible, my lord,the barrister replied,none the wiser, but surely far better informedKnowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve1What is the best title for this passage?AAdvocating ViolenceBViolence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race PrejudiceCImportant People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate SolutionDThe Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence2Recorded history has taught us _Aviolence never solves anythingBnothingCthe bloodshed means nothingDeverything3It can be inferred that truly reasonable men _Acant get a hearingBare looked down uponCare persecutedDHave difficulty in advocating law enforcement4“He was none the wiser” means _Ahe was not at all wise in listeningBHe was not at all wiser than nothing beforeCHe gains nothing after listeningDHe makes no sense of the argument5According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is _Alaw enforcementBknowledgeCnonviolenceDMopping up the violent messVocabulary1acute 严重的，剧烈的，敏锐的2loot v抢劫，掠夺；n赃物3pillage v抢劫，掠夺4crunch v吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物；n碎裂声egwhen it comes to the crunch = if/when the decisive moment comes 当关键时刻来到时。5war-paint 出战前涂于身上的颜料。（美印第安战士用）6come to light = become known 显露，为人所知7sap 剥削，使伤元气，破坏I was sapped by months of hospital treatment 我住院治疗几个月，大伤元气。8mop up 擦去，对付，处理9wake 船迹，航迹in the wake of sth = come after 随某事之后到来。难句译注1What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all【结构简析】when it comes to the crunch = when / if the decisive moment comes当关键时刻来到时。【参考译文】真正令人可怖的，令人绝望的是，在关键时刻，人们意识到我们一点儿也没有进步/前进。2Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake【结构简析】in the wake of 在之后。【参考译文】由于我们不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的烂摊子，我们的力量因此削弱了。3After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser【结构简析】none + the + 比较级。固定用法，义：not at all 一点儿也不。EX: After the treatment, he is none the better治疗后，他并没有因此见好，（一点儿也不见好）。【参考译文】听了律师的长篇解释，法官抱怨说他一无所获，并不因此变得聪明些。4Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom【参考译文】知识是智慧的必要的先决条件。结合上下文这里意思是：了解情况是解决问题的先决条件。句子后面的解释：知识是指了解它欲以解决暴力制造的恶行。答案详解1B。暴力难以消除种族偏见。文章一开始就提出有些国家种族偏见严重，而暴力却是公认的一种解决方法。白人采用暴力镇压，黑人以防火、掠抢为反抗。而双方的大人物平静地论及暴力，似乎这是一种合法的解决方案。作者就此指出人类的进步只在于表面衣饰等，人类的本能没有改变。整个有记录历史的文件没有教会人类任何东西。这是真正令人可怕的事件。第二段论及真正有理智的懂得解决方案所在的人鼓吹法制，人们不停。他们反而收到轻视、迫害。作者就此提出假设，答出真正的解决方案嗜法制，以法治理。第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提，即使暴力者不同意，但知道暴力制造它假装要解决的罪恶，是智慧聪明的必要前提。A鼓吹暴力。C双方重要人物都把暴力作为合法的解决方案。D 人类的本性是嗜暴性。2B。没有什么。第一段中就明确提出整个人类有记录历史又长又臭的暴力文件记录，一点都没有教给我们任何东西。A暴力解决不了任何事情。C杀戮（流血）没有任何意义。D一切。3D。在鼓吹法制方面有困难。答案在第二段，真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同类们的轻视、不信任和迫害。他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难。A人们不听。B遭人轻视。C遭人迫害。这三项都包含在D项内。4C。听后无所得。None the wiser一点也不比以前聪明（这是按字面翻译）。实际就是C项。A在倾听别人上他一点也不聪明。B他和以前一个样。D他听不懂论点。A法制。第二段最后一句，如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作，真正的持久的解决总是能实现的。第二段第二句，他们遭到迫害是因为他们鼓吹法制这种显然令人不能容忍的事。B知识。C非暴力。D处理暴力带来的混乱Passage Two (The Tourist Trade Contributes Absolutely Nothing to Increasing Understanding between Nations)The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, youd expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each others countries at a moderate cost. What was once the grand tour, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybodys grasp? The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldnt have dreamed of. But whats the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We dont see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites of that Latin peoples shout a lot. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic facthow trite it sounds! That all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.1. The best title for this passage is _A tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations.B Tourism is tiresome.C Conducted tour is dull.D tourism really does something to ones country.2. What is the authors attitude toward tourism?A apprehensive.B negative.C critical.D appreciative.3. Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shout a lot?A silent.B noisy.C lively.D active.4. The purpose of the authors criticism is to point out _A conducted tour is disappointing.B the way of touring should be changed.C when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception.D national stereotypes should be changed.5. What is grand tour now?A moderate cost.B local sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist organization.C people enjoy the first-rate comforts.D everybody can enjoy the grand tour.Vocabulary1. superb 卓越的，杰出的，第一流的2. moderate 中庸的，中等的，适度的3. grand tour 大旅行，指旧时英国富家子弟教育中，到欧洲大陆观光的旅行，为学业必经阶段。4. package tour 由旅行社代办而费用与路线、日程固定的假日旅游。也可用package holiday。5. chartered flight 包机航班6. set out to do sth. = begin a job with a particular aim 开始做某事，决心/打算做7. cosset 宠爱，溺爱，纵容8. conducted tour = guided tour 有人指导/引到下的参观，有导游的旅游9. censor 检查10. wander off 离开原处/正道，离群，漫步，漫游11. quarters 住处，营12. paella 西班牙什锦饭13. chip 炸马铃薯条（土豆条）14. amorous 多情的，色情的15. pedantic 学究式的，卖弄学问的16. generalization 归纳，概括17. stir up 惹起，煽动，挑起18. trite 陈腐的，老一套的难句译注1. What was once the grand tour, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybodys grasp.【结构简析】within sb.s grasp.某人理解/了解，为某人所能抓到的。【参考译文】一度只有最富有者专享的“大旅行”现在人人都可获得。2. The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at.【参考译文】旅行社包办的旅游，包机航班决不会遭人耻笑。3. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population.【参考译文】旅行社有意使他们的谷底和当地居民少接触。4. The modern tourist heads a cosseted sheltered life.【参考译文】现代旅行者过的使爱护有加与世隔绝的生活。5. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored.【参考译文】有人指导下参观一些静电收到组织者旅行社仔细的检查核准。6. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way.【结构简析】only too + 形容词/分词 = very非常。【参考译文】严格致密的计划值得旅行者不可能自己一个人到处闲逛；再说，至少语言总是个障碍，所以他对这样保护非常高兴。7. At its ve