外文翻译-智能家用电热水器控制器.docx

附录3The Controller of the Domestic Electric Water-Heater1. The perspectives of applianceWater-heater is a kind of domestic electric appliance which can be used in bathroom, wash room and kitchen. The types of water-heater available in the market at present includes: electric water-heater, solar water-heater, gas water-heater. To be specifically in China, the use of solar water-heater is limited by the weather and the scope for use is narrow while gas water-hater is fueled by petrol and gas, the supply of which will be difficult to meet the increasing demands and bad for environment. So the electric water-heater has become more and more popular among customers. According to statistics from Chinese commercial federation not long ago, the market share of electric water-heater in sales volume and sales revenue has surpassed the gas water-heater which keeps ahead for along time. It is predicted by this federation that driven by the larger-scale reconstructing of the electric network in the city and the extensive startup of the housing market in the city, the market for electric water-heater will present the strong growth tendency in the next few years.2. The Goal for DesignThere are two kinds of electric water-heaters available in the market at present: the continual fluent type and water storage type. Considering the special demand of the moist working conditions on single chip, we adopt the newly promoted MC68HC08 single chip by Motorola to be the control center. With its high resistance to interference, steady working, flash memory and so on, this single chip can satisfy the demand of the electric water-heater with high performance. Also considering the fierce competition in domestic appliances industry, we will realize these functions by using components as simple as possible to reduce the cost. We will make full use of the internal and outer functions to enhance the performance-to-price ratio. With few improvements, it can be produced massively with low cost in practice.3. The LZC-CI Hardware Design3.1 Technology Standards and CharacteristicsThe main function of the controller is to control the temperature. Besides that, it has to realize the following functions: To display the real-time temperature of water, the range is 099. To set the temperature of water arbitrarily within 2080. Have the function of appointment which enables 24 hour turning on setting willfully. Have LTD to display real-time temperature digitally. When setting, the temperature and the time set will be displayed by flicker and the controller will have instructions of appointment, heat preservation and heating. Able to look over and revise the time of system. Equipped with remote controller, the control will be easy and simple. Cut the power swiftly when temperature is too high and alarm. When electricity leaks, cut the power swiftly and propose alarming. When the power is cut, the data set can be preserved. 3.2 The Structure of the SystemThe system consists of two main parts: the main controller of water-heater and the remote controller, realized by two pieces of 68hc908gr8 respectively. 3.2.1 The Power Supply and the Clock CircuitThe power circuit consists of the transformation bridge, the rectification bridge, the filter resistance, the pressure sensitive resistance and integration voltage-stabilizer circuit MC7812T and MC7805T, which can provide +5V and the +12V power source for the controller. OutsideOSC1 and OSC2, 8 kHz crystal oscillator is connected with the circuit.3.2.2 The KeyboardThe function of controlling and the enactment of parameters are realized by the pressing the keys. The two keys of the systems main controller complete directly the functions of heating and the inquiring of the water level, using the keyboard severance pattern and PTA2, PTA3 as the input entrance of the pressing. The keyboard of the remote controller is designed into matrix type. The pressing of the keys will initiate the keyboard severance, by scanning from line to line; the number of the key can be judged and then sent to the register for preservation and the delivering. The main procedure will deal with it in the keyboard procedure after receiving the number of the key. Since there will be vibration at the moment of turning on and off, the design uses software time delay to eliminate the vibration. 3.2.3 The Display CircuitConsidering that the working environment is humid, the main controller takes LED Nixie tube to display. It takes the main way of SPI to expand two piece of 74LS164 as the output orifice of the static demonstration of the seven-segment display. When there is no pressing, the main controller will display the current temperature of water and the remote controller will display the current time; when setting or inquiring, the remote controller and main controller will flash to display the information set or inquired while when stopping pressing, the display will automatically back to normal. 3.2.4 The Real-time Temperature of Water and the Circuit of Water-Level DetectingThe thermistor will transmit the temperature information into the voltage information and then will be input into CPU by the PTB0 A/D transformation module. After checking, the real-time temperature will be deduced. The circuit of water-level detecting consists of the parallel connection of three resistances with different resistance value. The electricity of the electrode is small (only several microamperes), thus the erosion is little which suits the wide range variety of the resistance of water(10K一100K O). When the water of level of certain resistance doesnt arrive where the resistance is, the resistance will not work; when the water-level arrives, the three resistances are linked into parallel connection. The information of water-level can be judged by transforming voltages from different resistances through PTB1 (high, middle, low and burning).3.2.5 The Detecting of Electricity Leaking and Alarming CircuitSince the working environment of water-heater is humid, the controller should be able to detect the electricity leaking to ensure the safety of the user. Under normal circumstance, the electric current passing the magnetic circle is the same but with opposite directions. The magnetic detecting circle wouldnt sense any signal of electric current and the integrated circuit of electricity leaking detecting will output low electric level. When the electric current leaks, the electric current passing the magnetic circle is lopsided. The detecting circuit will detect the signal of electricity leaking and magnify the electric level output through the integrated circuit M54123L and then will be output into CPU after inverting by audion. Receiving the signal of electricity leaking, the CPU will stop heating and preservation and the operation of keyboards, ends the operation and sends alarming signal. The electricity light will flicker to warn and the buzzer will buzz continuously. Generally speaking, CPU will send out a reliable pulse for leaking protection every 10ms to replace the ordinary detecting switch and control the connection of crystal tube. So the electric current passing the magnetic circle is larger than 10 MA, which will be detected by the detecting magnetic circle as stimulant signal for leaking, magnified by M54123L and inverted by audion and then output to CPU.CPU will judge whether the detection is eligible. If there is signal, the detection is eligible and can go on working; if there is no signal, the detection is not eligible and heating, preservation and keyboard operations will stop automatically. CPU will end whole operations and send out alarm. The light for power will flicker to warn and the buzzer will buzz continuously to ensure the safe use of the electric water-heater. When the leaking detection protection and detection are not eligible, we have to turn off the power, obviate the obstacles, switch on again and then the water-heater will work.3.2.6 The Protection Circuit When Heating and Relay Are Out of ControlUnder normal working conditions, the two repays can carry on double-pole separation of power to ensure that when heating stops, the heating system is completely isolated from the electricity outside. It is almost impossible for two relay to have a screw loose simultaneously, however, during the normal life of electric water-heater, it is possible that one relay will have a screw loose. If it is not dealt with in time, the other relay will possibly have the same problem later which may result real danger. So the key to solve this problem is that the system can detect as soon as one relay has problems and can relay on the other normal relay to carry on the protection measures of the system and detect the sticking and disconnection of the two relays.3.2.7 The Remote ControllerThe remote controller utilizes simple controlling circuit which doesnt decrease the functions. Some hardware circuits will be realized by software and the interference resisting has been considered. Since the supply for buttery has to save energy, the remote controller uses the low-consumption model. When the system is not working, it stops. When it begins working, one has to use the keyboard signal to end the low-consumption model and turn into normal (press the key to evoke the system). The low voltage resetting can be achieved by MC34064. The keyboard is designed into matrix type with two lines and has connected by PTA0PTA3 orifice. When set for keyboard, the pressing of keyboard will result to the stopping, making the system back to normal. The crystal oscillator is 6MHZ. The infrared signal output uses the software encoding method. The software of the main controller will decode. In order to reduce cost, LCD display is used. 4543 drive and decoding used for driving.4. The Software DesignThe whole programs consist of the main program, service intermitting program and numerous subprogram of functional model. Among them, the main program includes the transmitting subprogram (the level and temperature of water), subprogram of keyboard dealing and displaying, subprogram of heating controlling (the function of output comparison is used), subprogram of infrared signal receiving, the subprogram of leaking and burning protection, subprogram of calendric clock of the TBM module, subprogram of data-preserving, subprogram for delaying, etc. The intermitting includes time intermitting, keyboard inputting intermitting, TIM inputting intermitting, TBM module intermitting, etc. The programs of remote includes subprogram of pressing dealing, subprogram of infrared signal sending, subprogram of LCD displaying, subprogram of calendric clock of the TBM module.4.1 The Main Program The main program has to initialize the working parameters of the system, mainly that of CPU timer, COP module, A/D transforming, the intermitting of keys, etc. Later, the main program alternatively uses the subprograms of each functional module. The dealing the relative incidents relies on the flag bit and the judgment of flag bit.4.2 The subprogram of keyboard dealing and displayingThis program is mainly designed to judge the electric level of the orifice I/O. when the keys are pressed, the keyboard is in a static state, while when stopping pressing, relative dealings will be carried on. When setting and inquiring, the keys will flicker to display the result of setting and inquiring, or the real-time temperature of water is displayed.4.3 The Subprogram of Heating ControllingThis program is used to judge whether there is appointment and heating and to deal with it according to the procedures. To avoid the frequent starting of the heating wire, the heating controlling adopts the hysteretic error controlling. When heating stops, the heating wire will start work only when the real-time temperature of water is lower than the target temperature for some distance. There are two kinds of heating to satisfy different powers: rapid heating and ordinary heating. In normal and appointment, ordinary heating is uses to control the power of electricity.4.4 The Subprogram of Remote Signal Dealing Sending: press the key with remote controller, set the flag bit, get the number of the key through dynamic scanning and send the coding by output comparison according to the flag bit and the number of the key; Receiving: get the signal by input catching, set the flag bit and read the number of the key and submit to main program to deal with.4.5 The Subprogram for DelayingThe whole system would use the subprogram for timing and delaying in many situations, like when the keyboard judges to eliminate vibration, the display of flicker and fading display, input catching and calendric clock, etc.4.6 The protection SubprogramIn normal situation, the leaking detection will output low electric level. Once the electricity leaks, the electricity output is high and will be cut off. The whole circuit of power will be cut off as soon as possible by the protection circuit to ensure the safety of the user. When the temperature is too high or too low, the heating will be turned off automatically and the buzzer will buzz to warn.5. The Extension of the DesignWith the development of information technology, intelligent domestic appliances will gradually step into families. Based on this design, making use of the resources of 68HC908GR8 and SCI and USB module to connect domestic appliances with computer and internet by telephone wire, they can be controlled from long-distance, thus making life easy and convenient. . 智能家用电热水器控制器 1. 应用前景热水器是一种可供浴室，洗手间及厨房使用的家用电器。目前市场上热水器主要品种有：电热水器、太阳能热水器、燃气热水器。就中国的具体情况而言，由于太阳能热水器的使用受天气原因的限制，使用范围狭窄，燃气热水器由于以石油、天然气为燃料，而燃料供应量又难以满足人们日益增长的需求，且不利于环境，因此电热水器越来越受到消费者的青睐。根据中国商业联合会前不久的统计，电热水器的市场份额在销售数量和销售收入两个方面都已经超过了长期以来占优势的燃气热水器。该中心预计，在城市电网更大范围改造和城市住房市场大规模启动的带动下，今后几年我国电热水器市场将呈现强劲增长势头。2. 设计目标目前市场上的电热水器有两种，连续水流式和贮水式。由于考虑到热水器的潮湿的工作环境对单片机的特殊要求，我们采用了摩托罗拉新推出MC68HC08系列的单片机作为控制中心。它具有抗干扰能力强,工作可靠稳定，自带flash闪存等特点，完全满足高性能的电热水器的控制要求。同时考虑到家电业的激烈竞争，节约生产成本，我们用尽量简单的器件实现这些功能，并充分利用内外围功能，以提高产品的性价比，稍加改进，便能以较低成本应用于实际批量生产中。3. LZC-CI硬件设计3.1 技术指标及特点：控制器的最主要目的是对水温进行控制，除此之外还实现下述功能： 实时显示水温，范围为099 可在2080范围任意设定水温 具有预约功能，24h任意设定开机时间 具有LED数码显示实时温度，进行设定操作时闪烁显示设定水温、时间，并有预约、保温/加热指示 可随时察看和校正系统时钟 配有遥控器，控制更加简单方便 超温断电保护并报警功能 出现流故障时，迅速切断电源并提示报警功能 系统断电能保护设定数据3.2 系统结构系统分两个主要部分：热水器主控制器与遥控器，采用两片68hc908gr8分别实现。3.2.1 电源与时钟电路。电源电路由变压桥、整流桥、滤波电阻、压敏电阻和集成稳压电路MC7812T及MC7805T组成，可为控制器提供+5V和+12V电源。OSC1，OSC2外接8kHz晶体振荡器。3.2.2 键盘。控制器的功能及参数设定都是通过按键来实现，本系统主控制器两个按键完成直接加热及查询水位的功能，采用键盘中断模式，PTA2，PTA3作为按键的输入口。遥控器键盘采用矩阵式，当有按键按下是引发键盘中断，通过逐行扫描判断所按键号，送寄存器保存并发送，主程序接收到键号后在键盘处理程序中进行处理。机械式开关在断开和闭合瞬间有抖动过程，程序设计中采用软件延时消抖。3.2.3 显示电路考虑到使用环境空气湿度较大，故主控制器显示采用LED数码管进行显示。采用SPI主方式扩展两片74LS164，作为七段显示器静态显示的段数据输出口。在无按键状态下，主控制器显示当前水温，遥控器显示当前时间；当进行设定或查询时，遥控器lcd及主控制器led均闪烁显示设定或查询信息，按键放开一定时间后自动返回一般状态。3.2.4 实时水温及水位检测电路。 热敏电阻将温度信息转换为电压信息，经A/D转换模块中PTB0输入CPU，查表后得到实时水温。水位检测为三个并联的不同阻值的电阻，电路的电极电流较小(几个微安)，电腐蚀小，适用水电阻变化范围大(10 K一100K欧)。某电阻所在水位未到达，电阻截止；水位到达，电阻导通，组成并联电路。将不同阻值所分得的电压经PTB1转换后，可判断出水位信息（高、中、低、干烧）。3.2.5漏电检测及报警电路热水器工作环境潮湿，为了保证使用者安全，控制器应具备漏电检测功能。在正常情况下，流过磁环的电流大小相等，方向相反，磁环检测线圈无感应电流信号，漏电检测集成电路输出低电平。当出现漏电电流时，由于流过磁环的电流不平衡，于是磁环检测线圈感应出漏电信号，经集成电路M54123L 放大输出高电平，经三极管倒相后输出至CPU。CPU接收到漏电信号，则停止加热保温及键盘操作，结束工程程序并发出报警信号，电源指示灯闪烁警示，蜂鸣器连续呜响。正常情况下，CPU 每隔10ms就发出一个漏电保护可靠性自检脉冲，代替普通漏电开关的试验按钮，控制晶体管导通，于是磁环流过一个大于10mA 的电流，该电流作为模拟漏电信号被磁环检测，经M54123L放大及三极管倒相后，输出至CPU。C