点段动词与中考题.doc

点段动词与中考题（一）考查点透视 1.英语中的动词根据词汇意义可分为动作动词和状态动词，其中动作动词又可细分为点动词（或称为终止 性动词、瞬间动词、非延续性动词）和段动词（或称为延续性动词、持续性动词）。 2.由于点动词所表示的动作发生与结束在一瞬间完成，所以点动词的完成体的肯定式既不能与表示一段时 间的状语for时间段或 since时间点连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句之中。 3.初中英语中常见的点动词有：leave，go， come ， arrive ，begin，buy，borrow，die，join，beco me等。 4.点动词要表达持续时间，可用以下方法： （1）将时间状语改为时间段ago，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。 My brother joined the army two years ago. 我哥哥参军两年了。 （2）若保留for时间段，since时间点或用在how long 句型中，需将谓语动词改为相应的段动词或状 态动词。 My brother has been in the army for two years. My brother has been a soldier for two years. （3）用“It is （或has been）时间段since. ”句型改写，该句型中since后面的谓语动词多为点 动词，且常用一般过去时。 It is （或has been）two years since my brother joined thearmy. 5.常见点动词与段动词（或状态动词）的对应关系如下： leavebe away（from） go come arrive be相应的介词短语 get beginbe on buyhave borrowkeep diebe dead join the armybe in the army be a soldier join the Partybe in the Party be a Party member catch a coldhave a cold fall asleepbe asleep 6.点段动词与时间状语（从句） （1）when，before，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中，点段动词均可充当谓语。 （2）while引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。 （3）until（或till）引导的时间状语（从句）中，若主句为否定结构，从句中的谓语动词点段动词均可 ，意为“直到才”。若主句为肯定结构，从句中的谓语动词只能用段动词，表示主句的动作一直延续到un til句子所表示的时间为止。 I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework. I read the book until my father came back. （二）考例及精析 1.When he got to the station,the train _ for a longtime.（95北京） A.had been away B.had left C.has been away D.has left 根据句中的时间状语for a long time， 再结合时间状语从句中的时态一致性原则，可判断A为正确答案。 2.My brother _ for a week.（95河北） A.has had a cold B.caught a cold C.has caught a cold D.got a cold catch（a ） cold 的完成体的肯定式不能和一段时间状语for aweek 连用，须用表示状态的have a co ld，故A正确。 3.My father joined the Party in 1945. He _ a Partymember for about fifty years.（9 5山西） A.had been B.has become C.had become D.has been “入团（党）多久”不能用点动词become，join的完成时的肯定式，而应用have been a League（Party） member for时间段， 故本题D为正确答案。 4.They _ friends since they met in Shanghai. （95 江西） A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned 选项A、B、D中动词完成时态的肯定式均不能和since时间点连用，须用表示状态的be，故C为正确答案。 5.Toms brother _ for three years before he became ateacher.（95济南） A.had joined the army B.has joined the army C.had been in the army D.has been a soldier 根据考查点透视中所述，再结合时间状语从句中的时态一致性原则，故可判断出C为正确答案。 6.The film had begun for fifteen minutes when I got to A B C D the cinema.（95武汉） begin 为点动词， 其对应的状态动词为be on ， 故将A 处的hadbegun改为had been on。 7.Mr Brown _ the car for three months.（96济南） A.bought B.had bought C.has had D.buys 英语中buy为点动词，要表达“买多长时间了”， 只能用延续性动词have，故正确答案为C。 8.How long _ at this factory?（96安徽） A.have you come B.has he in C.will he be D.has he been to “在某地呆多久”可用“be介词in或at地点名词”或直接用“be地点副词”。故该题只有选项C正确 ，表示将来。 9.How long have you _ here? About two months.（96天津） A.been B.gone C.come D.arrived 选项B、C、D中的动词均为终止性动词，故不能用在how long 引导的特殊疑问句中，所以正确答案为A，表 示“在这儿呆多久”， 由于后面紧接副词here，故been后的介词省略。 10.Our maths teacher has _ Australia for a week. （97南京） A.gone to B.been in C.arrived in D.been to 同第题，正确答案为B。注意B与D的区别关键是been后的介词，in表示“逗留”，to表示“去过”哪里。 11.Excuse me. How long may I _ the book?（97 福州） Two weeks. A.borrow B.keep C.lend D.kept “借多久”只能用延续性动词keep，而不能用点动词borrow。 12.Her grandma has _ for three years.（97天津） A.died B.been dead C.death 英语中die为点动词，不能与表示延续的时间状语连用， 须用been加形容词形式表示状态，故B为正确答案 。 （三）强化练习 1.How long do you think they _ the TV factory? A.have been to B.have reached C.have been in D.have arrived at 2.My uncle _ the Communist Party five years ago. A.took part in B.has joined C.had been in D.joined 3.Ill lend you my dictionary, but you can only _ itfor one day. A.keep B.borrow C.lend D.take 4.How long _ you _ a cold? Since three days ago. A.did; have B.did; catch C.have; had D.have; caught 5.How long has your father _ Boston? A.been to B.gone to C.left D.been in 6.I _ the dictionary for two years. A.bought B.have had C.have bought D.have 7.I joined the League last year. I _ for one year. A.joined in B.joined C.have joined in D.have been a League member 8.We were sorry to hear that the boy _ home for somedays. A.has left B.has been away from C.had left D.had been away from 9.May I _ the story-book for a month? Yes, you may. A.borrow B.lend C.keep D.take 10.He said he _ a soldier _ ten years. A.has been; since B.has joined; for C.had joined; in D.had been; for 11.How long have you _ Xian? A.come to B.been to C.lived in D.gone in 12.My uncle _ the Party in 1978. He _ for over19 years. A.joined; has been a Party member B.joined; has joined the Party C.has joined; has been the Party D.has joined; has been in the Party 13.My brother _ the Youth League for two years. A.has been in B.has entered C.has taken part in D.has joined into 14.Jack _ a postman for about 6 years