初中英语宾语从句专项语法讲解.doc

初中英语宾语从句专项语法讲解一、 宾语从句的概念宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。eg. We know Mr. Green teaches English. V.+ 宾语从句 She asked if these answers were right . (say ,tell,ask,decide,think,hope,wonder,know,see) I am afraid that some people forgot to sweep the floor. be+adj.+ 宾语从句 （sorry,afraid,sure,glad)（一）引导词 1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： He said. He could finish his work before supper.He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。 注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略 e.g. 1. I hear (that) you passed the exam. 2. He said (that) his father was a singer. 2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： Does he still live here after so many years? I dont know.I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。注： 只能用whether不能用if的情况.在介词后 Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow. 在动词不定式前： They asked me whether to go skating. 当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时: I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not. Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.宾语从句提前时：Whether this is true or not, I cant say.3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：Could you tell me . Why were you late for the meeting this morning？Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？ He asked Who is the man? He asked who the man is . Tom asked meWhen do you begin to study English? Tom asked me when you began to study English. （二）语序：陈述句语 即：主句+引导词+从句（主+谓+其他成分） Do you remember (他多大岁数)? 当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变： Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? What happened? eg:I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? （三）时态：1、主句用一般现在时，现在进行时或一般将来时等“现在”范畴的时态时，从句的时态根据需要来用，不受主句影响。 I want to know what time he got（get) up this morning. I know she lives (live) here. He knows the man lived (live )here 5 years ago. 2、主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。 Kate said there was(be)a box under the desk. She asked whether I had seen (see)her before. He said that he would have (have) a meeting the next day. 3、从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。 He told the boy that three and three is six. He told me the earth moves around the sun. 简化宾语从句常用法方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。(V + 疑问词 + 主语 +V V + 疑问词 + to+V)She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？ 【Exercise 1】习题(一)1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled习题(二)1 Can you tell me_ you were born, BettyA. who B. what C. when D. that2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didnt know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday eveningA. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose习题(三)1. They dont know their parents are.A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me _what last year. A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it4. You must remember _.A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5 Did you know _ A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after6 Could you tell me _ A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing习题(四)1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (北京市东城区)A. That B. how C. What D. if2. I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. He will help us with our English. (杭州市)A. why B. when C. how D. where3. We never know _ the old m an is. They say he is a teacher. (鄂州市)A. what B. who C. which D. where4. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. (重庆市) A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when5. Do you know _ Im going to see him. Sorry, I dont know. (北京市海淀区)A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li liveC. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived6. W here do you think _ he _ the computer Sorry, I have no idea. (南京市)A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy7. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. (重庆市) A. what the matter is B. what is wrongC. what the matter was D. what wrong was8. Where is JackHe is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure _ A. that B. which C. where D. there1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light(光) goes faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.- Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4. Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5. Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6. Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _.7. How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8. Where did she put her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car?9. What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10. Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.11. I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know. I dont know _ he still _ in that street.12. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me _ _ _ _.13. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.填空：1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.4. I hear they _ (return) it already.5. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)6. He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)7. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)8. I think you _ about the murder now. (talk)9. I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be)10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Mr Wang told me that the earth _ (move) round the sun.12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)13. Ling Feng told me he _ there several times. (be)14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise)15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do) 单选：1. Could you tell me if it _ tomorrow? A. rains B. is raining C. will rain D. rain2. The teacher told his students the sun_ in the east. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. risen 3. Im sure_ he will be here on time. A. if B. that C. Whether D. when 4. Can you tell me _?A. whats the matter with him B. what the matter with him isC. what happened with him D. what with him happened 5. Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car 6. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris 7. Bruce says _ he can come at 9:00 tomorrow. A. when B. what C. that D. what time 8. Dave, could you teach me _ to search the Internet? A. that B. how C. when D. why 9、Could you tell me _? A. where is the neare