高考英语 单选全攻破 第二单元 第一部分 单项选择题型考点简介与命题趋势.doc

高考单项选择题考点大家可能都知道,研究历届高考题,你会发现有些考点是每年必考,有的考题几乎是如出一辄,格式一样(或几乎一样),形式一样,内容相似.单项选择题考点透析1、命题原则突出语篇、强调应用、注重实际、体现能力2、备考考点动词和动词短语、时态和语态、情态动词、定语从句、情景交际是重点。冠词、代词、句型和惯用法是考查的新趋势。主谓一致、非谓语动词、倒装、强调和疑问句等是重难点(考查基本)，但分值不大。形容词、副词的级别及词性间的转化、连接副词、关联词、介词等考量不大。3、备考知识正确分析句子类型(简单句、复合句和并列句)正确分析句子类型是正确理解题干、作出正确选择的关键。掌握核心结构，准确获取题干信息。通读题干，全面理解语境。结合生活实际和生活常识进行推理。注意文化差异。4、解题方法和技巧研究拟题意图，对症下药句子结构分析找信息词，求最佳答案结构分析，简繁转化(还原法)如：下句：rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle.a.ride; ride b.riding; ride c.ride; to ride d.to ride;riding题干实际上是个倒装句，将其还原成正常形式为：he always prefer_ a bicycle rather than _ on a crowded bus.这样我们就很清楚地看出该句考查的句型是：prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.结构，因此最佳答案应是c.5、常见解题失误不能摆脱母语干扰。不能摆脱思维定势不注意分析题干忽略关键信息词忽略(空格前后)附加信息。(1)冠词1. i wonder what it feels like to be one of _ really rich. the brows already have rolls royce and now they are buying_ third. 仿04nmet(i)-24a.the; the b.不填; a c.the; a d.不填;the2.-what do you think about_ dress in the shop window?- oh, its beautiful. she will be pleased if she can have it as_ birthday present. 仿04nmet(i)-24a.a; a b.a; the c.the; a d.the; the3.on november 11, 2004, palestinians learnt that yasser arafat, _ symbol of their struggle, died in _ paris hospital. 仿04nmet(i)-24a.a; / b.the;a c.a; the d.the; the4.-its reported that nearly 150,000 people lost their lives in asian tsunamis(海啸).-yes, _ news came as _ shock to me. 仿04nmet(i)-24a.the; a b.the; the c.a; a d.a; the5.-how many people are still leading _ life under _ poverty line in the world?- perhaps one fourth. 仿2004nmet(iv)-35a.the; 不填 b.a; the c.a; a d. 不填; 不填(2)代词6.-it is said that jack is very rich and goes to work in his own new car every day. what is he?- _, i am not sure.a.somebody of a manager b.something of a managerc.anyone of a manager d.anything of a manager仿04辽宁卷-24 / 04nmet-35/ 04江苏卷-21 / 04浙江卷-33 / 04福建卷-22 / 04重庆卷-31 / 04广东卷-27 /04湖南卷-217.as they are retired, mr and mrs scott prefer a house in the country to spend their late years to _ in a large city. 仿nmet(iii) -34a.like b.it c.one d.that8.-have you got used to the chinese food, robert? 仿04四川卷-32-yes. but i dont like _ when a chinese host keeps serving me the food i dont like.a.this b.that c.those d.it9.-excuse me, wheres the tea-room ?-its right over there. can i help you with_? 仿04湖南卷-21- no, thanks.a.anything b.something c.nothing d.everything10.-can you come on monday or tuesday ? 仿04北京卷-21- im afraid _ day is possible.a.either b.some c.neither d.any11.-whats the difference between the first house and the second ? 仿04浙江卷-33-the first house has a garage while the second has _.a.no one b.nothing c.neither d.none(3)形容词、副词极其级别12.the house rent is expensive. ive got about half the space i had at home and im paying_here. 仿04广西卷-33a.asmuch three times b.much as three timesc.twice times much d.three times as much13.-we are leaving on june 15. 仿04江苏卷-32-so why not come to spend _ days with us? im serious.a.all these last few b.these all last fewc.these last few all d.all last these few14.she looks more beautiful when she wears her_ skirt. 仿04江苏卷-32a.green tight new silk b.new tight green silkc.silk new tight green d.tight silk green new15.its too late to go out now. _ , its starting to rain. 仿04nmet(i)-35a.meanwhile b.however c.besides d.anyhow16.this pair of shoes doesnt look good, but that pair is _ better, i think.仿2004湖南卷-27a.rather b.less c.even d.hardly(4)动词短语积及动词词义及辨析17.shopping online can_both convernience and choice, but not _ websites aresafe enoung for shopping.仿04湖南卷-34a.charge;either b.supply; any c.offer; all d.provide; both18.-when shall we start?-lets _ the time for the trip. what about 8:30? is that all right? 仿2002北京卷25a.set b.meet c.make d.take19.- would you like to come to the dinner party here on saturday ?-thank you. id love to, _ ill have to finish all my homework before the weeked, otherwise, my parents wont let me go. 仿2002北京卷27a.because b.and c.so d.but20.now robert, a football fan in our class, _ rome of his daily allowance given by his parents in order to buy a new football. 仿04重庆卷-26a.is giving away b.is throwing awayc.is putting away d.is taking away21.john has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to _ all his trousers to his measure.a.let out b.give away c.bring in d.make up 仿04湖南卷-3022.-those shoes wont_for mountain-climbing.-_this pair be ok?a.help;shall b.work; may c.do;will d.get;would 仿04湖北卷3623.bill , often regarded as one of the best students in his class , _ to be student who cheated in the exam. 仿04浙江卷-25a.came out b.let out c.sent out d.turned out24.i hadnt intended to get much from the business i ran the first year, while it _ so well. 仿04浙江卷-25a.went out b.carried out c.made out d.turned out25.he took pity on the people in the flooded-areas and _ his clothes and quilts to them. 仿03北京卷23、nmet-2001-26a.gave away b.gave out c.sent out d.threw away26.he might have_ his idea about the art at the exhibition much better if he had planned what he wanted to say. 仿2002北京春招-33a.carried out b.worked out c.thought out d.made out(5)时态和语态27.-remember the first time we_ , ed ? 仿04四川卷-25-of course, i do. you _ a song on the stage.a.have met;sangb.met;sangc.met;were singingd.have met;have sung28.-im sorry, but theres no smoking room in this section on the train.-oh, i _ that, and i wont smoke again.a.dont know b.wont know c.didnt know d.havent known29.hi, bill. i _ you _ in this city. how long have been here? 仿04福建卷-21a.didnt know; were b.dont kow; are c.havent known; are d.dont know; were30.-sorry, mum. ive lost my pen again.-i_ it ! you never remember to put your things away after using them.a.knew b.know c.have known d.will know仿04nmet-22 / 04辽宁卷-28 / 04重庆卷-23 / 04浙江卷-23 / 04江苏卷-34 / 04福建卷-21 / 04湖南卷-3131.-has tom finished his job yet? 仿04四川卷-25-i have no idea of it; he _ it this morning.a.has been doing b.had been doing c.did d.was doing32.i should very much like to have gone to the party, but_. 仿04湖北卷-33a.im not invited b.i wont be among the invitedc.they wont invite me d.they didnt invite me33.he has much money at the beginning of every month, but by the end of it he_ have little left.a.can b.will c.must d.should仿04nmet(i)-2234.sally_ a book about china last year but i dont know whether she has finished it. 仿04nmet(ii)-25a.wrote b.has written c.was writing d.had written35.-has tom finished his composition yet?-i have no idea, he _ it this morning. 仿04福建卷-21a.would write b.has written c.wrote d.was writing36.-why were you not at the concert last night ?-oh.i _ for a friend from europe at the airport. 仿04福建卷-21a.watched b.have been watching c.was watching d.had watched37.many new workers _ trained and in two months they will _ to build a new railway.a.are; be sending b.are being; be sent 仿04北京卷-22c.are; send d.will be; be to send38.i thought i was going to fail the exam, but i succeeded _. 仿04nmet(iv)-32a.first all b.in all c.at all d.after all39.- what were you up to when she dropped in ? 仿04天津卷-28-i _ for a while and _ some reading.a.had played; did b.played; didc.had played; was going to do d.was playing; was going to do40.- have you telephoned your father ? 仿04nmet(ii)-34- yes. he _ back next year.a.expects b.is expected c.will expects d.will be expected1-5:ccbab 6-10:bcdbc 11-15:ddabc 16-20:dcadb 21-25:acdda 26-30:dccaa 31-35:ddbcd 36-40:cbdcb 第二章 高考单选题命题趋势i. 高考英语单项选择题命题趋势:1.easy-approaching近几年高考单项填空题基本体现了“知识化，语境化和交际化”的特点，没有出现以前所谓的偏怪难题。题干大部分比较灵活简短，语境自然。这是第一个特点。【例】we forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _? a. do you b. can we c. will you d. shall we2.wide coverage with highlights考查点的覆盖面越来越广泛，但又做到了重点突出。这主要体现在复合句和非谓语动词的考查及名词和动词用法的考查上。【例】_ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. a. being bitten b. bitten c. having bitten d. to be bitten3.being situational试题的立意由简单直接的“结构立意”转向复杂间接的“情景立意”。试题设置的语境明确，交际情景多是发生在学生学习或日常生活的真实情况。【例】- hi, terry, can i use your computer for a while this afternoon? - sorry. _.a. its repaired b. it has been repaired c. its being repaired d. it had been repaired4.complicated structure题干变得较长，题干句的语义结构趋于复杂化，语言信息量越来越大，但是有效信息由外现转为隐藏。这主要体现在非谓语动词和动词时态的考查上。【例】the biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. a. shant b cant c. neednt d. mustnt5.large vocabulary语义辨析和语义识别题越来越多，不但加强了对语义的考查，而且加重对词汇扩展能力的考查。【例】china has got a good _ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.a. reputation b. influence c. impression d. knowledgeii. 命题趋势分析总结：1）纯语法的试题会减少；2）基础知识考查的覆盖面会越来越广；3）语境会更加突出；4）注重考查学生综合运用英语能力及逻辑推理能力；5）加大词义辨析（特别是动词和动词短语辨析）的考查。iii. 高考单项分类突破1.辨析型单项填空辨析型单项填空题是指通过对试题选项中的词汇短语的形式和意义进行辨析，从而根据句子的意义对选项作出正确的判断和选择。此类题型往往考查对名词动词代词形容词副词介词及短语意义和应用的辨析。1）词义辨析【例1】the loss has not yet been _ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars. a. calculated b. considered c. completed d. controlled 【例2】compared with his sister, jerry is even more _ to, and more easily troubled by emotional and relationship problems. a. skeptical b. addicted c. available d. sensitive2）词性辨析：【例1】_ had i done it when i knew i had made a mistake.a. hardly b. directly c. mostly d. nearly【例2】_ i meet mary in the street, she will greet me with a smile.a. before b. surely c. each time d. for3）短语辨析：包括：动词与不同的介词副词搭配；介词短语搭配等。【例1】it is reported that the police will soon _ the case of two missing children. a. look upon b. look after c. look into d. look out【例2】- im surprised to hear that sue and paul have _. - so am i. they seemed very happy together when i last saw them.a. broken up b. finished upc. divided up d. closed up2.结构型单项填空考查考生对英语句子结构的把握情况。表现：句子某些成分的省略；标点符号的识别；倒装或插入其他成分使句子前后分离等，因而引起句子结构的变化，扰乱考生对句子成分的判断。1）有省略的复合句-补全法由于宾语从句或定语从句中谓语部分行为动词的省略，致使考生对不定式状语产生误解。答题方法：尽量把省略部分补全，这有助于正确地确定答案。【例1】 - what made you so happy ? - _. a. because of my passing the exam b. i passed the exam c. because i passed the exam d. my passing the exam【例2】 - where did you get to know her? - it was on the farm _ we worked. a. that b. there c. which d. where2）标点符号提示： 由于受汉语习惯的影响，考生往往不注意标点符号，从而弄错句子结构。 【例1】mary, _ here - everybody else, stay where you are. a. come b. comes c. to come d. coming【例2】soon they came to a farm house; _ roof was much higher than the others. a. which b. whose c. that d. its【例3】i have many friends, _ some are businessmen. a. of them b. from which c. who of d. of whom3）插入语的影响-简化法有些句子插入了某些成分，从而使句子结构支离破碎，造成考生对句子结构的误解。解决方法：去掉插入语或附加的次要成分，就会迅速地找到答案。【例1】schools across china are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemployment pressures. a. help b. to have helped c. to help d. having helped【例2】e-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. a. is playing b. have played c. are playing d. play3.逻辑型单项填空考查范围：主谓一致，意义一致，人称一致，谓语动词和逻辑主语一致等。【例1】_ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. a. giving b. having given c. to give d. given【例2】_ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.a. competing b. having completed c. to have completed d. to complete4.语境型单项填空在一定的语境进行语法知识和语言知识的考查，是近年高考试题中常见的题目，这就要求考生一定要以语境为切入点，认真思考，仔细分析，确定正确答案。【例1】- ann is in hospital. - oh, really? i _ know. i _ go and visit her. a. didnt; am going to b. dont; would c. dont; will d. didnt; will【例2】- its the office! so you _ know eating is not allowed here. - oh, sorry. a. must b. will c. may d. need5.交际型单项填空考查范围：问答情况，请求与建议，表示祝愿，道歉，感谢，表达意见，观点等。【例1】- bill, can i get you anything to drink? - _. a. you are welcome b. no problem c. i wouldnt mind a coffee d. doesnt matter.【例2】- putting on a happy face not only helps us make friends but also makes us feel better. - _. a. id love to b. im with you on that c. its up to you d. its my pleasure【例3】- ken, _, but your tv is going too loud. - oh, im sorry. ill turn it down right now.a. id like to talk with you b. im really tired of thisc. i hate to say this d. i need your help【例4】im amazed to hear from my school teacher again. _, it is ten years since we met lasta. in a word b. whats more c. thats to say d. believe it or not6.其它解题方法注意连词的提示有时一个连词会使句子结构发生改变,因此答题时要注意题干中的连词.【例1】 his teacher kept on telling him that he should read english in the morning, but _ didnt work.a. he b. which c. it d. all【例2】_ it with me and ill see what i can do. a. when left b. leaving c. if you leave d. leave转化法所谓“转化法”就是把有些复合句、被动句、疑问句、倒装句、感叹句、强调句等转化为便于理解的简单句、主动句、陈述句等。1）将疑问句转化成陈述句【例】whom is it up to _ the matter?a. decide b. to decide c. deciding d. decided2）转被动句为主动句【例1】time should