土力学地基处理论文翻译.docx

土力学地基处理论文 姓名：姚康 学号：2014111227 班级：土木142Discussion on foundation treatment Soft soil foundation Abstract: with the rise of civil engineering construction scale and the increasing demand, the need of natural foundation engineering are also increasing, the natural foundation based on the foundation treatment, the formation of artificial foundation, so as to meet the various requirements of foundation building. Luqiao construction as the infrastructure of a country, the right to estimate a degree of development of a country, the developed area of our country most of the distribution of soft soil, for the needs of the traffic is extremely urgent, especially the development of high-speed, high-speed rail, subway, viaduct, and soft soil have different hazards, such as roadbed slippage, embankment collapse, rough pavement, bridge foundation subsidence. No to the designer or construction are serious problems, can not be overlooked for the loss of financial resources and manpower, its purpose is to deal with the foundation to promote the economic development, to avoid the negative impact caused by the economic losses and social. Foundation treatment is not good, the consequences are serious. According to statistics, in the world of civil engineering construction in the construction of the accident, from the foundation of the majority of the problem. Therefore, to deal with the foundation problems, not only the relationship between the construction of the project is safe and reliable, and the size of the construction project investment. Good economic benefits to deal with the foundation problems. 1, the purpose of foundation treatment and processing objects When the foundation strength stability is insufficient or compressibility is very big, cant meet the design requirements, can be aimed at different conditions of the foundation treatment. The purpose of the treatment is to increase the strength and stability of the foundation and reduce the deformation of the foundation. The foundation treatment of the object includes two aspects of weak foundation and poor foundation, the soft foundation is soft soil exists within the depth under the surface, including silt and silt soil dredgerfill miscellaneous soil and saturated loose sand and silt. The engineering characteristics of this kind of soil are high compressive strength and low strength. It is usually difficult to meet the requirements of bearing capacity and deformation of foundation. The poor foundation, including the application of the loess foundation, expansion of land base, peat land base, mountain foundation and karst and soil cave foundation.2, the foundation treatment method classification and the scope of use According to the principle of reinforcement of the foundation, the foundation treatment method is divided into six categories, plus the existing building foundation reinforcement, rectification and migration, a total of eight categories, the following are introduced:1, the replacement replacement refers to the physical and mechanical properties of good geotechnical material replacement natural foundation or all of the soft soil, to form a double foundation or composite foundation, improve the bearing capacity of the foundation, reduce the settlement. Foundation treatment method of reinforcement principle mainly belongs to the replacement: replacement cushion method and compaction replacement method, cushion method and ground treatment method.2, drainage consolidation: drainage consolidation is the soil under a certain load of drainage consolidation, pore ratio decreased, shear strength increased, in order to achieve the purpose of improving the bearing capacity of the foundation, reduce the settlement after construction. Foundation treatment method of reinforcement principle mainly belongs to the drainage consolidation by preloading loading method can be divided into: preloading, surcharge preloading, vacuum preloading, vacuum preloading and surcharge preloading method, electroosmosis dewatering method, and etc.3, filling the solidified objects: filling the solidified material is pointing to the soil in the grouting or mixing of cement, lime, other chemical curing slurry, in the foundation to form the reinforcement, in order to achieve the purpose of foundation treatment. The reinforcement principle mainly belongs to the foundation treatment method which is poured into the solidified material, such as deep mixing method, high-pressure jet grouting method, infiltration grouting method, splitting grouting method, compaction grouting method and so on.4, the vibration density, compaction: vibration density, compaction refers to the use of the method of compaction or compaction of soil compaction to achieve the purpose of improving the bearing capacity of the foundation and reduce the settlement. The reinforcement principle mainly belongs to compaction and compaction of the foundation treatment methods are: the surface in situ compaction method, dynamic compaction, vibration compaction method, the sand compaction pile method, blasting compaction method, soil pile and lime soil pile, cement soil pile method, compaction method and Kong Nei.5, reinforcement: reinforced is the foundation in the setting of high strength, modulus of the reinforced material, in order to achieve the purpose of improving the bearing capacity of the foundation, less, and less settlement. The reinforcement principle mainly belongs to the reinforcement of the foundation treatment methods are: reinforced soil cushion method, reinforced soil retaining wall method,And soil nailing wall method, etc.6, hot and cold treatment: hot and cold treatment is through the frozen ground soil, or baking, heating the physical and mechanical properties of the foundation soil to achieve the purpose of foundation treatment. The reinforcement principle mainly belongs to the cold and heat treatment of ground treatment methods are: freezing method and sintering method two kinds.7, underpinning: underpinning refers to the building of the foundation and foundation for processing and reinforcement. Underpinning technology is: Foundation widening technology, pile underpinning technology, foundation reinforcement technology and comprehensive strengthening technology, etc.8, the rectification and migration: the rectification is refers to the uneven settlement caused by the tilt of the building for correction. The rectification technique includes: loading and correcting method, digging soil rectifying technique, jacking up rectifying technique and comprehensive rectifying technique. Migration is to move the existing building from the original position to the new location.3, the causes of soft soil foundation By silt, silty soil, miscellaneous fill, fill or other high compressive soil foundation is the formation of the soft foundation, the foundation basically is rarely change or geological topography, never influenced by earthquake, load and other physical effects, not influenced by the chemical interaction between soil particles. Weak foundation is a kind of bad foundation, its stability is very bad, the strength is low, the compressibility is high, prone to liquefaction, the settlement is also very big. Therefore, in the process of engineering construction, to fully consider the deformation and stability of the foundation and other issues. The construction on soft foundation engineering, foundation strength and deformation due to the insufficient, often can not meet the engineering quality, so we should adopt some measures, to deal with the weak foundation, so as to improve the stability of the foundation and reduce the foundation settlement and uneven decline. After the foundation treatment, it is necessary to test and record the foundation. After the foundation excavation to the base design elevation, must inform the investigation department, design department in conjunction with the inspection basis, only after passing through the qualified visa, in order to carry out the foundation engineering construction. This is one of the key procedures to ensure the quality and safety of the project.4, the harm of soft soil foundation With the continuous development of economy, the scale of highway construction in our country is increasing day by day, the difficulty is increasing, and the highway construction has put forward higher request to the soft soil treatment. Construction of embankment on soft ground, if not to take effective reinforcement measures, it will have varying degrees of collapse or subsidence and other diseases. Soft soil foundation treatment is not good, there will be the slip, cracking, uneven pavement, bridge and culvert channel and other man-made structures at the jump and bump quality problems, bring harm to the road traffic safety. In addition, if it is not handled properly, it will cause instability of the foundation.5, the choice of soft foundation treatment method The design of foundation treatment, should consider the interaction between foundation and superstructure, foundation, when necessary, should take effective measures to strengthen the superstructure stiffness and strength, in order to increase the building of uneven ground deformation ability. The foundation treatment method has been selected, should be designed according to the building foundation level, the selection of representative sites for the corresponding field test, and the necessary test, to test the design parameters and the reinforcement effect, and provide the basis for construction quality inspection.Foundation treatment project to ensure the quality of the project, the principle of economic and technological advance. Can be selected according to the following conditions:1, geological conditions: to identify the nature of the rock and soil, genetic types, geological age, thickness and distribution range. For the rock, but also find out the contact between the weathering degree and stratum, geological structure investigation of natural foundation, hydrological and engineering geological conditions to identify, determine whether the bad geological phenomenon such as landslide, collapse, karst and soil cave, gully, debris flow, shore erosion and earthquake etc.2: design and construction conditions should be considered during the design period and materials: time arrangements should not be too tight should be sufficient time in the construction of the urgency, time is limited, in addition to individual embankment without affecting the overall construction of the case, may be appropriate without foundation treatment. Bridge foundation, a variety of programs can be used to select the most appropriate economic plan, at the same time, there are qualified to use the construction units of large advanced equipment to ensure the quality and safety of construction. Construction of foundation stability must be good, but also for the legacy of the project must be less. The requirement of material engineering materials. Scientific management methods should be adopted in the construction.3, site environmental conditions: first to clarify the hydrogeological conditions in soft soil area, because of the complexity of the soft soil foundation, for geotechnical parameters of strength calculation, whether from the determination or determination of many uncertainties exist in the process of theory cannot achieve perfection. Therefore, the investigation personnel to inspect the geological data, the field for multiple exploration. The engineering geological conditions are complicated, and the engineering geological division should be carried out, so that the exploration of the project should be carried out in detail. In such geological survey and design work is not done with, if not in the construction or implementation of the implementation of high risk, must conduct supplementary investigation and exploration work, further understanding of the geological situation after the revised plan. The influence of construction on the surrounding environment is also considered. Such as: the new filling will squeeze the original road, housing, resulting in the lateral displacement or subsidence; sand pile, sand wells, construction noise, residential will close to the public; the lower level method, it should be to consider the investigation or water wall in advance caused around the foundation subsidence and residents of the surrounding water considering the construction effect, after the water injection recovery problem; the surcharge to fill a large number of soil material import and export of the site, will affect the traffic and environmental health; a lime pile and perfusion or by electroosmotic drainage, will pollute the surrounding groundwater, should be carefully treated.6, weak foundation local treatment In the engineering construction, often need to strengthen the foundation for local treatment, so that can ensure the quality of the project, shorten the progress of the project construction. In the local treatment of the soft soil foundation, must first find out the reason and scope of local foundation abnormal, then according to the actual situation of weak foundation, suitable for various treatment methods of soft soil foundation, the settlement of all parts of the building are consistent, thereby reducing the uneven settlement of foundation.The treatment of loosening. When the smaller pit soil, soft soil can be dug out to the old, and then backfilled with compressed Their natures are much the same. material, when the natural soil is sand, sand or gravel backfill gradation, backfill should be stratified water, solid or flat vibrator is dense, the thickness of each layer is not greater than 20cm at the same time, according to the nature and scope of the soil is different, with different ratios of lime soil compacted into. The stiffness of the upper part of the foundation should be improved by configuring the appropriate reinforcement.Brick well and Dois treatment. If the brick wells in the foundation of central, then the inner soil has become very dense, and when this happens, the wells should be lowered to the low brick ring groove below 1 meters, with the proper proportion of dust compacted into the groove when the wells is low, the diameter of more than 1.5 meters, then improve the upper the stiffness of the structure, and the use of reinforced wall do foundation, the foundation beam span for brick wells, wells in the corner of the case, a response to the foundation reinforcement necessary, on the other hand, the removal method of backfill suitable processing.Local hard soil treatment. Some too hard for the soil around the pile foundation, to the local processing of these things, it needs to dig out the old walls, old tree root soil, and so on, so it can reduce the uneven foundation decreased, it can effectively avoid cracking after the completion of the building, so as to ensure the quality of buildings.The processing pipeline. For the upper and lower water pipes near the bottom of the tank, other measures should be taken to prevent leakage, to avoid the occurrence of water invasion of the foundation, so that the uneven settlement of the foundation. In the bottom of the tank below the pipeline and the pipeline will be cleared, or bureau based tribe is low, the pipeline through the wall, but also to prevent the building subsidence, thus forming Water Leakage damage to the pipeline, caused by the uneven settlement of foundation, affect the quality of buildings.The processing of rubber soil. For the soil foundation when the clay soil, the soil generally contain more water, after this part of the ram, it will form a so-called rubber soil, therefore, for this situation, should adopt other measures to deal with, such as washing trough or use lime foam and other measures, the water content of soil is effectively reduced, for the foundation of fibrillation should take these, all of the excavated soil, sand and fill in the corresponding part of the foundation, thus eliminating fibrillation.7, the problem of soft soil foundation treatment Failure to adjust measures to local conditions and reasonable selection of treatment methods. There are some blindness in the rational selection of foundation treatment methods. For example, saturated soft clay foundation is not suitable for the use of compaction, compaction reinforcement method. According to the engineering geological conditions and the foundation reinforcement principle, reasonable selection of treatment methods are particularly important. In this respect, the problem is to compare the feasibility of several techniques, and the optimization is not enough. Is not a good method, it is not the best way. Sometimes the engineering problem is solved, but the cost is high and the time limit for a project is long. Can not correctly evaluate the applicability of each method of foundation treatment; the quality of the construction unit difference of foundation treatment quality; construction machinery affects the level and quality of crude foundation; foundation treatment of the theory behind the practice; many methods lack of quality inspection and