上海高三英语教师辅导讲义 主语宾语从句+十一选十+完形.doc

学员编号： 年 级：高三 课 时 数：3学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 授课类型T (主语，宾语从句复习)C （十选九）T （完型填空）授课日期时段教学内容一、 同步知识梳理名词性从句一 概念： 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。二 、引导名词性从句的连接词 连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说 3. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation. It is a consolation that she is still alive. 练习： 1. _asmuchasone-fifthofalltimberharvestedisnotused.A.Theestimate B.TheestimatedC.Theyareestimated D.Itisestimatedthat2._somemammals cametoliveintheseaisnotknown.A.Which B.Since C.AlthoughD.How3._wehaveachievedisattributedtotheguidanceofourparents.A.Whoever B.WhateverC.HoweverD.That4._wealthydoesnotnecessarilymeanthatamanisgreedy.A.Forthereasonthatheis B.JustbecauseheisC.Thereasonofbeing D.Thatheis5.Although_happenedinthisdevelopedcountrysoundslikesciencefiction, itcouldoccurelsewhereintheworld.A.which B.what C.how D.it6._shehadforgottentotakehernotebook.A.Thatoccurredtoher B.SheoccurredthatC.Toherthatoccurred D.Itoccurredtoherthat7.Iamsurethat_shesaidiswrong.A.which B.all C.this D.what8.Welostourwayintheforest,and_mademattersworsewasthatitwasgetting dark.A.that B.which C.it D.what9._ornotisstilluncertain.A.Hescoming B.Ifheiscoming C.Thatcoming D.Whetherhescoming10._aspoonfulofsoilcantellussomuchaboutthestructureandearlyhistory ofthemoon.A.Remarkable B.Quiteremarkably C.Itisremarkablethat D.Itisremarkablefactthat答案：DDBDBDDDDC宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that be joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month.5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如： I admire their winning the match. I admire that they won the match. 6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. 7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 练习： 1.I wonder _. A. whether or not Ill catch the last bus B. if or not Ill catch the last bus C. that Ill catch the last bus or not D. that Ill catch the last bus2.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson. A. so B. such C. it D. that3.I took _ for granted that they were not coming. A. that B. this C. it D. so4.I heard _ said that he had great concern for his classmates. A. and B. that C. was D. it5.I wish I _ to the football match last night. A. went B. go C. should go D. had gone答案：ACCDD徐汇Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. revolutionizedB. trickyC. availableD. destinationsE. competitiveF. territoryG. standardH. processedI. appealingJ. deliveryEveryone who knows Olivia Griffiths is impressed by her unique sense of style. Whenever she walks into a room, heads turn. Her friends wonder how she managed to get the new Mulberry handbag that no one had thought was 41 in Australia yet.The truth is that Olivia has never left Australia. But with a few clicks of her computer mouse, she can travel to shopping 42 around the world. Online shopping has 43 the consumer experience. With the help of an increasing number of online shops overseas, shoppers can now pick up interesting goods from all over the world. The biggest advantage of shopping on foreign websites is the wide range of choices available. For example, Chinese shoppers are often disappointed when Gap products are not available locally. But now its possible to order these products straight from the US with a credit card and a small 44 fee. Other benefits of online shopping include 45 prices. When items are bought online from other countries, theyre often tax-free.However, when you buy things from a foreign website, things can get 46 too. So make sure you pay extra attention to protecting your rights.Sometimes it can be difficult to handle foreign websites because of the unfamiliar language. For example, the term “shipped in 1-5 working days” can be confusing for Chinese shoppers, as it doesnt clarify whether this is the time in which the product will arrive or the time it takes for it to be 47 .The method of shipping can also determine whether you get your product at all. Unless you choose express or priority shipping, which only takes a few days to deliver but is more expensive, most 48 international shipping doesnt offer a tracking option which means once your products are shipped outside of the country theres no way of finding out where they are.The best consumers are the most sensible ones. If youre interested in expanding your shopping 49 to foreign websites, make sure you do your research beforehand to avoid your money and products being lost on the way.41. C 42. D 43. A 44. J 45. E 46. B 47. H 48. G 49. F 崇明：A. emphasizeB. shiftsC. involvesD. commitsE. findingsF. campaignG. biologicalH. increaseI. briefJ. dangers崇明41-49:GBAJH IFDEPassageThree【长宁】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.All over the world, people admire the beauty and grace of butterflies. Butterflies come in every color imaginable, and their _50_ display an incredible variety of patterns. The largest butterfly, Queen Alexandras Birdwing, has a wingspan (翼展) of up to 280 millimeters and lives in Papua New Guinea. The smallest, the Western Pygmy Blue in the southern U.S., has a wingspan of only 12 millimeters. Sadly, some of these beautiful creatures are now _51_.Estimates indicate that between 15 and 20 thousand species of butterflies exist around the world. A number of these species are endangered, over 20 in Japan_52_. Although that number may seem small, losing even one species would be _53_. Nowadays scientists even look to butterflies as a _54_ of the environments health, since they are_55_ to environmental changes. Many environmentalists around the world are eager to protect the endangered butterflies from extinction. The American Museum of Natural History in New York, for example, has an unusual butterfly exhibit. This exhibit _56_ the important role that butterflies play in our environment.In recent years, environmental groups have made significant progress in _57_ endangered butterfly populations. Governments throughout Asia have passed laws to help protect endangered wildlife, including butterflies. An area called Butterfly Valley in Assam, India, has become the focus of conscious _58_ to protect the butterflies habitat (栖息地). Other projects in Serbia, Japan, and Canada are also hoping to _59_. Some of these efforts are already starting to work. The population of the El Segundo Blue Butterfly in California, for instance, has increased by 8 percent since 2010.Finding a cure for the butterfly crisis is, _60_, not just for environmental groups. _61_ citizens can plant butterfly gardens to support and enjoy these gentle creatures. A group of female prisoners in Belfair, Washington, are helping to rescue an endangered species called Taylors Checkerspot. They recognize how _62_ seemingly insignificant creatures can be. The world cannot afford to lose any butterflies. As environmentalist John Muir once _63_, “ When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it _64_ to everything else in the Universe. 50. A. colors B. bodies C. wings D. feelers51. A. out of control B. in great danger C. on the fly D. out of date52. A. nearby B. though C. besides D. alone53. A. predictable B. possible C. imaginable D. terrible54. A. factor B. picture C. measure D. display55. A. exposed B. accustomed C. sensitive D. resistant56. A. highlights B. changes C. replaces D. finds57. A. preserving B. controlling C. observing D. recognizing58. A. projects B. efforts C. steps D. groups 59. A . set an example B. keep the promise C. make a difference D. take the time60. A . however B. furthermore C. otherwise D. therefore61. A . Distinguished B. Leading C. Senior D. Ordinary62. A . graceful B. significant C. pitiful D. mysterious63. A . proposed B. commented C. promised D. recommended64. A . restricted B. adapted C. contributed D. tiedPassage four【奉贤】 III. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live we must communicate with other people. A great deal of 50 is performed on a person-t o-person basis by the simple 51 of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have 52 where we give information or opinions, receive news or comment, and very 53 have our views challenged by other members of society. Face-to-face 54 is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the 55 factors of contemporary society. Two things, above others, have caused t he enormous 56 of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has 57 advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and television. secondly, speed has revolutionised the transmission and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself i s often almost eclipsed by international news. No longer is the possession of information 58 to a privileged minority. In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed 59 , but today there are public libraries. Forty years ago people used to flock to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program me that is being 60 into millions of homes. Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information. The modem communication 61 the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing 62 to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with informing, educating and entertaining. Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very 63 to the individual and to the society of which he is a part, the vast modem network of communications is open to abuse. 64 , the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning back. 50. A. communicatingB. deliveringC.addressingD. exchanging51. A.idearsB. explanationsC. solutionsD. means52. A. conversationsB. conferences C. attemptsD. interruptions53. A. reluctantlyB. likely C.absolutelyD.suddently54. A. contact B.occasionC.feedbackD. reaction55. A.challengingB. dominatingC. attractingD. improving56. A. growth B.increaseC.approvalD. invention57. A. come throughB. resulted fromC.led toD. brought in58. A. givenB.restrictedC. opposedD. guaranteed 59. A. fortunateB. visibleC. hopefulD. respectable60. A.channeledB. bought C.appliedD. transormed61. A. influencesB. providesC.correctsD. protects62. A.guidanceB. access C.movementD. reception63. A. considerableB. impressiveC. valuableD. available64. A. In addition B. For exampleC. ThereforeD. HoweverPassage five【黄浦区】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.There is a Web site called the “World Database of Happiness”. It combines and analyzes the results of hundreds of surveys from around the world that have been conducted on life satisfaction. Most of the findings are _50_, but a few are surprising.The database makes it clear that there is not a strong connection between material wealth and general happiness. It is a clich(陈词滥调) to say that money cant buy happiness, but the old saying seems to be _51_ by research. Many people still stick to the belief that gaining riches will be the answer to all their problems, yet they are probably _52_. Studies have been _53_ on people who acquired sudden wealth, such as lottery winners. In most cases, after the _54_ joy had worn off, people were not left with a sense of lasting happiness. In fact, they tended to revert to the way they _55_ before they became rich. Previously contented(满意的) people continue to be contented, _56_ those who were miserable before sink back into misery. If material wealth does not bring happiness, then what does? Perhaps happiness has something to do with where you live. The authorities at the World Database on Happiness have surveyed _57_ of happiness in different countries. _58_, people in America, Canada, and Singapore are very happy; people living in India and Russia, not surprisingly, are not happy. Other surveys consistently _59_ the importance of relationships. _60_ relationships in particular seem to be the key to long-term contentment. The Web site suggests that falling in love and having children are two of the _61_ that bring the greatest happiness. Nowadays people look to technology as a(n) _62_ source of satisfaction. People increasingly spend more time alone watching TV or surfing the Internet _63_ spending time with family. Can technology truly make people happy? It is too difficult to tell, but one thing is sure: If the Web sites research is accurate, time spent with your family is a better _64_ than time spent making money.50. A. different B. predictableC. satisfactoryD. unexpected51.A. challengedB. widespread C. overtakenD. supported52.A. generous B. positiveC. hesitated D. mistaken53.A. turned out B. done withC. carried outD. put forward 54.A. essentialB. pleasant C. initialD. enviable 55.A