初一语法篇-冠词.doc

一、冠词的定义冠词置于名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有两种，一种是定冠词，一种是不定冠词。定冠词是the，不定冠词有两种形式，一种是a,一种是an。二、不定冠词和定冠词的基本用法词形基本用法例句不定冠词a表示“一”、“一个”I am a student. 表示一类人或事物（泛指）He studies at a university.an用于元音音素开头的单词前，用法同aI have an apple. I eat an egg every day. 固定词组in a word总之, in a hurry立即，匆忙, take a break休息一下, have a rest休息一会, have a cold 感冒, have a fever 发烧, have a good time 玩得愉快, keep an eye on 留意，照看, a great many很多，许多, make a face做鬼脸定冠词the特指人或事物。The woman in red is my aunt.再次提到的人或事物I have a bag, the bag is red. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物Please open the window. 热身练习身练习一、用a，an填空。1. driverEuropeanarmeye2. islandumbrellaanimalear3. xhourbottlebus二、根据句子意思选用a, an, the填空。1. - What is this? - Its map of America.2. Ha Erbin is capital of Hei Longjiang.3. There is apple tree in my garden.4. Do you know girl over there?5. India is Asian country. 6. Lily lives in big city.7. There is dog under the tree. dog is pretty.8. Mom, give me key to the front door.三、特殊用法1. 只用定冠词the的情况用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前。the moon, the sun, the world用于表示方位的名词前。in the east, on the left用于表示乐器的名词前。play the piano, play the violin用在某些专有名词前国家名称：the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国，the United States 美国机关团体：the WTO 世贸组织江河湖海、山脉、群岛：The Changjiang River长江, the Alps 阿尔卑斯山脉用于姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓氏的夫妇。The Greens are watching TV now. 用于序数词前。the 21st century, the second lesson用于形容词最高级前。the coldest season, the best place用于某些形容词前，表示一类人或事物。the young年轻人, the old老年人固定词组in the morning/afternoon/evening 在下午go to the cinema 去看电影all the year round 一年到头on the way to 去.的路上巧记定冠词the用法口诀： 特指双方熟悉，上文已经提起。 世上独一无二，方位名词乐器。 某些专有名词，还有复数姓氏。 序数词最高级，习惯用语牢记。2. 不用冠词的情况不用冠词的情况例句名词前面有代词修饰in their school 复数名词前，表示某一类人或事物时We are students. 球类、棋类、学科前play football, play chess, study English 三餐、四季前have breakfast, in summer 某些专有名词前China中国，Europe欧洲Lei Feng雷锋，William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚月份、星期、节日前in May, on Sunday, at Spring Festival由by构成的交通工具名词前by bus, by bike, by plane.称谓、职位、头衔前king, captain, president, chairman固定词组go to school 去上学，go to bed 上床睡觉at school 求学，at work 在工作at noon 在中午，at night 在晚上巧记不用冠词用法口诀： 下列情况不用冠，名词之前代词限； 复数名词表泛指，球类学科和三餐； 专有名词不可散，星期月份季节前； 交通手段和节日，习语称谓和头衔用适当的冠词填空，不需要的地方划“/”。1. They are dogs.2. Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 3. She went to south of China last month.4. Children neednt go to school on Sundays.5. I went there by bus. And they got there on foot.6. They have sailed on Pacific for one week. 7. The little boy likes playing guitar very much. 拓展训练一、单项选择。1. Summer Palace is one of most beautiful parks in world.A. /, the, theB. The, a, theC. The, the, theD. A, a, a2. She likes playing violin.A. /B. aC. anD. the3. usually go to church on Sundays.A. The BrownB. A BrownC. BrownsD. The Browns4. girl in white is a nurse.A. TheB. AC. AnD. /5. She came here in autumn of 1982.A. /B. theC. anD. a6. We cant see sun at night.A. a, /B. a, theC. the, /D. the, the7. I bought some flowers for my mother on Mothers Day.A. aB. anC. theD. /8. This is Johns coat.A. aB. anC. theD. /9. After quick breakfast I hurried