中考专项讲解----冠词.doc

中考专项讲解-冠词冠词是中考试题中考查的重点之一，主要考查不定冠词a和an的用法区别、定冠词the的用法以及不用冠词的情况等。冠词是不能单独使用，需和名词一起使用，用在名词前帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词为a和an；定冠词为the。一、不定冠词a和an的用法 1.用在单数可数名词之前, 代表某一类人或事物。 A panda is very lovely. 熊猫很可爱。 A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。2. 用于表示数量“一”, 但意义上没有one强烈。 Thats an interesting book. 那是一本有趣的书。3. 第一次提到某物或某人时，用a或an。 I have a book. The book is new. 4. 表示“每一”，相当于every. I go to school five days a week.5. 用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.I have failed twice, but I will try a third time.我失败两次了，但我还要再试一次。6.与most连用，表示“非常”，相当于very。 This is a most interesting book. 这是一本非常有趣的书。7. 用在某些固定词组中：a little, a few, a bit (of), a lot, a lot of, a kind of, after a while, have a good time, have a look at, have a cold, have a rest等二、不定冠词a和an的区别 1. a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。 如：a boy, an old man, an American car, an island等2. 判断一个词是以元音音素开头还是以辅音音素开头，是根据其读音，而不是首字母。1) 有的词虽然以辅音字母开头，但其前却用an.如：an hour, an honest boy等There is an“m” in the word “film”.2) 有的词虽然以元音字母开头，但其前却用a. 如：a useful book, a university，a one-day trip, a European writer等三、定冠词the的用法1. 特指某(些)人或某(些)物。The man in the car is Tom.2. 指谈话双方都知道的人或物。Open the window，please.3. 指上文已经提到的人或物。I have a car. The car is red.4. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前。the sun, the earth, the moon, the sky, in the world5. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前。This is the first lesson of the book. He is the tallest boy in our class.6. 用在西洋乐器名称前。 play the piano, play the violin, play the guitar, play the drum 7. 用在方位词前。on the left / right, in the east / west / south / north of等8. 用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇二人”：the Greens = the Green family9. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。the Great Wall长城 the United States美国the White House白宫 the Summer Palace颐和园the Yellow River 黄河 the Changjiang River 长江10. 用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。the poor, the rich11. 用在比较级当中，表示两者之间“较的一个”。或者用在“the+比较级，the+比较级”句型中，表示“越越”He is the taller of the two boys.The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.12. 用在某些固定词组中。in the morning in the afternoon in the eveningall the time at the moment at the same time同时by the way in the end look the same 等四、不用冠词的情况1. 如果名词前已经有指示代词(this, these，that, those) 、形容词性物主代词(my，your，his，her)或名词所有格等限定词时, 不用冠词。This is my book. Do you like that coat? These are Lucys books.2. 在表示“人名、地名、国名、称呼以及职务、头衔”等专有名词前通常不用冠词：1) Mary; Tom; Jim; Miss Li; Mr. Zhang; Lei Feng2) Beijing; Shanghai; London; Paris3) England; China; Germany; South Africa4) Whats wrong, Granny?5) They made him monitor. 他们推举他当班长。6) Doctor Wang is a scientist. 王博士是一位科学家。3. 在表示“街名、广场名、公园名、学校名”等专有名词前通常不用冠词：1) Wangfujing Dajie 王府井大街2) Tiananmen Square 天安门广场3) Xinghai Park 星海公园 zhongshan Park中山公园 4) No.5 Middle school4.在表示学科，三餐、球类运动棋类运动的名词前。 学科：Chinese, math, English, history 三餐：have breakfast ( lunch, supper, dinner)球类：play football( basketball, baseball)棋类：play chess 注意：1) 如果表示三餐的名词前有形容词修饰时，则需要用冠词。have a quick breakfast have a big(丰盛的) supper2) 当football、basketball等指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词. Where is the football？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)5. 在表示星期、月份、季节、节日的名词前。 星期：Sunday, Monday, Tuesday 月份：January, February, March 季节：spring, summer, autumn, winter 节日：Teachers Day, Childrens Day on Sunday，in March，in spring，on Womens Day注意：如果表示月份，季节等的名词被其他限定词修饰，则需要加定冠词。in the spring of 1982 在1982年的春天6. 在表示类别的复数名词和不可数名词前。 They are teachers.Tigers like meat.7. 在某些固定短语中，不用冠词。 1) 与by连用的交通工具名称前by bus；by car；by bike；by train；by air/plane；by sea/ship，但take a bus, in a car等前需用冠词。2) 在某些名词短语中day and night日日夜夜 day by day 一天天地 face to facehand in hand here and there到处 from east to west from south to north sooner or later迟早3) 在某些介词短语中at home；at noon ; at night；in surprise；in time; on foot；on duty值日；at work；on time；for example；on show等4) 在某些go组成的短语中go home；go to bed；go to work；go to school ; go shoppinggo swimming; go skating等。五、在有些词组中，有无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：1. in front of 在前面 （在的外部）in the front of 在的前面 （在的内部）2. go to school 上学 go to a / the school 到学校去3. in hospital (生病)住院 in a / the hospital 在医院里4. at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁边5. in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里6. next year 明年 the next year 第二年7. a teacher and writer 一位老师兼作家（一个人） a teacher and a writer 一位老师和一位作家（两个人）六、冠词专项练习( )1. -Do you play _ piano in your free time?- No, I like sports. I often play _ football with my friends.A. /; the B. the; / C. the; the D. a; a( )2. Yesterday _8-year-old boy fell into the river . _boy was saved by a policeman. A. an; A B an; The C a; The D a; An( )3. - Why do you like Mary? - Because she is _ honest girl. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )4. There is _ “ s ” in the word “ sun”. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )5. Mr Smith always gives me _ hand when I am in trouble. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )6. What _ interesting book it is! A. a B. an C. the D. /( )7. I think its _ useful advice, so I will always remember it. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )8. My father is _ engineer. He works very hard. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )9. Two days isnt enough for me to finish the work. I need _ third day. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )10. Suzhou is _ most beautiful tourist city (旅游城市) and I believe Ill come for _ second time. A. a; the B. an; the C. the; the D. the; a( )11. -Which is _ second longest river in China? - _ Yellow River. A. a; / B. the; The C. the; / D. /; A( )12. There is _ girl waiting for you at the school gate. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )13. _ Whites were having _ lunch when I went in. A. The; / B. /; a C. /; / D. The; a( )14. This is _ empty bottle. Could you give me _ full one?A. a; a B. an; a C. the; the D. /; a( )15. This is _ difficult problem that few students can work it out. A. so B. so a C. such D. such a( )16. More and more foreign students come to China to learn _Chinese. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )17. He will be back in _ hour. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )18. He usually goes to school on _ foot.A. a B. an C. the D. /( )19. Shanghai is in _ east of China A. a B. an C. the D. /( )20. Dont play _ basketball hereIts dangerous A. a B. an C. the D. /( )21. _ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world A. A；a B. The；the C. A；the D. The；a ( )22. His father is _ English teacherHe works in our school A. a B. an C. the D. /( )23. _ girl in red is _ Indian player. A. The; an B. An; a C. The; a D. A; an( )24. Australia is _ English-speaking country A. a B. an C. the D. /( )25. After I had _ quick breakfast, I hurried to school A. a B. an C. the D. /( )26. I think _ math is more important than any other subject A. a B. an C. the D. /( )27. He often goes to school by_ bike A. a B. an C. the D. /( )28. We should often help _ poor. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )29. What _ exciting news it is! A. a B. an C. the D. /( )30. What _ bad weather! A. a B. an C. the D. /( )31. Dont shout at Mike like that. He is only _ 11-year-old boy. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )32. Many people think that 2012 is one of _ most successful films.