直接引语改为间接引语教案.doc

直接引语改为间接引语教案2010-06-22 09:49:47直接引语改为间接引语教案 浙江人民出版社出版的基础英语第二册unit9lesson thirty-six and unit lessonforty 可以合用本教案 陈伟芳2010年6月 教学目的： 1. 让学生掌握陈述句疑问句祈使句等不同句型直接引语改成间接引语的连词使用。 2. 让学生掌握直接引语改成间接引语的“三变” 3. 通过本课的学习能够使学生分析课文中的宾语从句 教学课时：一教时 Step1 Revision 看黑板上出示的两句句子（unit9 lesson34）, 让学生说说其中的语法现象。 1 Youll find the West Lake is a great attraction to tourists in all seasons. 2 Were glad to see that the tower stands on the south shore of West Lake again. Step2 grammar 引用或转述别人说的话有两种方法：直接引用别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。一般来讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。 直接引语改为间接引语时，除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的改变。现将把直接引语改为间接引语时应该注意的问题分述如下。 (一)、直接引语为陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去）。That从句之前用say, tell或ask等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化 （1）人称的变化 1. He said, “I like it very much.” He said that _liked it very much. 2. He said to me, “Ive left my book in your room.” He told that _had left _book in _room. 点拨注意人称的变化：“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。 “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如： She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如： Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker. ”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker. （2）时态的变化 3. He said, “Im using the knife.” He said that he _ _ the knife. 4. She said, “I have not heard from him since May.” She said that she _ _ _ from him since May. 5. He said, “I saw her in the street.” He said that he _ _ her in the street. 6. He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” He said that he _ _ his home work before supper. 7. Zhou Lan said, “Ill do it after class.” Zhou Lan said that he _ _ it after class 8. He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.” He said that light _ much faster than sound. 9. Our geography teacher said to us, “The sun rises in the east and it sets in the west.” Our geography teacher told us that _. 10. My history teacher taught us, “The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.” My history teacher taught us that _. 点拨注意时态的变化：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。即：一般现在时变为一般过去时; 现在完成时变为过去完成时;现在进行时变为过去进行时；一般过去时变为过去完成时；现在完成进行时变为过去完成进行时；过去进行时变为过去完成进行时。如： She said. I have lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen. She said. We hope so.She said they hoped so. She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend。 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 1. 直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言，时态不变。如： “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 2. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street? Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 3. 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980. 4. 直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种经常性或习惯性的动作，变间接引语时，时态不变。如： He said, I get up at six every morning. He said he gets up at six every morning。 5. 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to, had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said. You had better come here today. Peter said I had better go there that day. （3）指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化 11. He said, “These books are mine.” He said that _ books were his. 12. He said, “My sister was here three day ago.” He said that his sister had been there three days _. 13. She said, “I went there yesterday.” She said that she had gone there _ _ _ . 14. She said, “Ill go there tomorrow.” She said that she would go there _ _ _. 15. She said, “I came here to see the doctor the day before yesterday.” She said that she _ _ _ to see the doctor _ _ _. 16. She said, “I will come here this evening.” She said that she would _ _ _ evening. 17. He said, “I am going there tomorrow.” He said that he was going _ _ . 点拨注意指示代词、时间和地点状语、以及趋向性动词的变化： 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this that these those 时间状语 now then ago before today that day tomorrow the next day/ the following day yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before the day after tomorrow two days later next week the next week so far by then 地点状语 here there 方向性动词 come go bring take 注意以上这些变化，要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点而定，不可机械照搬。如果在当地转述，here就不必改为there，come也不必改为go；如果是在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。 (二)、直接引语为疑问句 直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序；其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。 （1）直接引语是一般问句时 直接引语如为一般问句，变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if将其引出，时其成为间接引语的宾语从句；如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked；如果主句谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等。 1. “Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says. The writer _ us _ _ _ a diary can become our friend. 2. She said, “Did you see him last night?” She _ me _ _ _ _ him the night before. 3. She said, “ Is your father an engineer?” She asked me _ _ father _ an engineer. 4. The teacher said to Li Ming, “Have you finished your homework?” The teacher asked Li Ming _ _ _ _ _ homework. （2）直接引语是特殊疑问句时 如果直接引语为特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many等那个作为连接词将其引出，作为间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问语序改为陈述语序。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。 5. “What do you call your diary?” Annes sister asked her. Annes sister asked her _ _ _ her diary. 6. “When did you go to bed last night?” Father said to Peter. Father asked Peter _ _ _ _ _ the night before. 7. He said to her, “Whats the matter with you?” He asked her _ _ _ _ _ _. 注意直接引语里是Whats wrong with?/ Whats the matter?/ Whats the trouble?/ What has happened?等特殊疑问句时，间接引语的语序不变。 (三)、直接引语为祈使句 注意：1、通常直接引语里含有please表示请求：ask sb (not) to do sth 例如: He said to me, Shut the window, please. He asked me to shut the window. 2、直接引语里不含please表示命令：tell sb (not) to do sth 例如：The teacher said to the students,Stop talking! The teacher told the students to stop talking. 练习：把下列直接引语改为间接引语 1. The doctor said to me, dont drink too much.The doctor _me _too much. 2. Mother said to him, dont cry!Mother _ . 3. The doctor said to me, dont smoke.The doctor _ _ . 4. Jim said to him, start at once.Jim _ him _ at once. 5. Mother said to me, dont tell a lie.Mother _ a lie. 6. I said to him yesterday, please come early.Yesterday I _ him to come early _. 7. Could you open the window, please? Deming said to Yongxian. Deming _Yongxian _ the window. 8. The teacher said to the boy, call the police right now. The teacher _ _ . 9. His father said to him , dont leave the cat alone at home . His father_ .10. John said to the others, keep quiet John the others . Step3 practice(可采用分层教学)SBp115 Fill in the blanks with the given words . 1 I doubt _ he will succeed. 2 Mother was pleased _ her daughter had passed the exam. 3 Im afraid you dont un