常用语法术语.doc

常用语法术语：句子成分 members of sentences主语 subject, 谓语 predicate,宾语 object,定语attributive (or: attribute), 表语 predicative同位语 appositive,状语 adverbial,宾语object, 双宾语 dual object,直接宾语 direct object,间接宾语 indirect object,复合宾语 complex object,补足语 complement,宾补 object complement,句子 sentence,简单句 simple sentence,并列句 compound sentence (OR: coordinate clause),复合句 complex sentence,并列复合句 compound complex sentence,从句 (subordinate) clause, 基本句型 basic sentence pattern句子种类 Types of sentences陈述句 declarative sentence, 疑问句 interrogative sentence,一般疑问句 general question, 特殊疑问句 special question,附加疑问句 tag question (OR: 反义疑问句 disjunctive question),选择疑问句 alternative question,感叹疑问句 exclamatory question,修辞疑问句 rhetorical question,存在句 existential sentence,肯定句 positive sentence, 否定句 negative sentence,祈使句 imperative sentence,感叹句 exclamatory sentence, 省略句 elliptical sentence,从(属)句 (subordinate) clause(1) 名词性从句 nominal clause: 主语从句 subject clause, 宾语从句 object clause,表语从句predicative clause, 同位语从句 appositive clause,(2) 定语从句 (形容词性从句) attributive clause(3) 状语从句 adverbial clause时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time,地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place,方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner,让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession,原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause,程度状语从句adverbial clause of degree,结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result,目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition, 比较状语从句adverbial clause of comparision词组 phrase时态 tense一般现在时 present simple tense,一般过去时 past simple tense,一般将来时 future simple tense,现在完成时 past perfect tense过去完成时 present perfect tense,将来完成时 future perfect tense现在进行时 present continuous tense,过去进行时 past continuous tense将来进行时 future continuous tense,过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense过去将来时 past future tense,过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense,现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense词性part of speech动词verb 主动词 main verb, 及物动词 transitive verb (vt.), 不及物动词intransitive verb (vi.), (联)系动词link verb (link-v.) 助动词 auxiliary verb，情态动词 modal verb，规则动词 regular verb，不规则动词 irregular verb，限定动词 finite verb, 非限定动词（非谓语动词）infinite verb (or: infinite verb)使役动词 causative verb, 感官动词 verb of senses,名词 noun个体名词 individual noun，集体名词 collective noun，物质名词 material noun，抽象名词 abstract noun，具体名词 concrete noun，普通名词 common noun，专有名词 proper noun，可数名词 countable noun，不可数名词 uncountable noun， 副词 adverb方式副词 adverb of manner,程度副词 adverb of degree,时间副词 adverb of time地点副词 adverb of place,疑问副词 interrogative adverb,关系副词 relative adverb形容词 adjective, 连词conjunction并列连词coordinate conjunction 代词 pronoun人称代词 personal pronoun,物主代词 possessive pronoun,反身代词 reflexive pronoun,相互代词 reciprocal pronoun,指示代词 demonstrative pronoun疑问代词 interrogative pronoun,关系代词 relative pronoun,不定代词 indefinite pronoun物主代词 possessive pronoun,名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun冠词 article定冠词 definite article,不定冠词 indefinite article数词 numeral基数词 cardinal numeral,序数词 ordinal numeral,分数词 fractional numeral形式 form单数形式 singular form,复数形式 plural form,原形 base form数 number单数形式 singular form,复数形式 plural form规则形式 regular form,不规则形式 irregular form格 case普通格 common case,所有格 possessive case, 主格 nominative case,宾格 objective case性 gender阳性 masculine,阴性 feminine,中性 neuter人称 person第一人称 first person,第二人称 second person,第三人称 third person语态 voice语态voice主动语态 active voice,被动语态 passive voice语气 mood陈述语气 indicative mood,祈使语气 imperative mood,虚拟语气 subjunctive mood否定 negation全部否定 full negation,局部否定 partial negation,转移否定 shift of negation语序 order自然语序 natural order,倒装语序 inversion (or: inverted order)全部倒装 full inversion部分倒装 partial inversion引语speech 直接引语 direct speech,间接引语 indirect speech一致 agreement (concord)主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement,语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement,就近原则 principle of proximity, 逻辑主语logical subject语音 pronunciation语调 tone,升调 rising tone,降调 falling tone降升调 falling-rising tone文体 style正式文体 formal,非正式文体 informal / colloquial,口语 spoken/oral/ colloquial English比较级 comparative degree原级positive / absolute degree，最高级superlative degree其它语法 grammar, 句法 syntax,词法 morphology,词性（词类） part of speech,实词 notional word，虚词 structural word，复合词compound word, 感叹词 exclamation, 并列 coordinate,从属 subordination,修饰 modify / v.; modification / n.限制性的 restrictive非限制的 non-restrictive独立结构absolute construction, 平行结构parallel construction,强调 emphasis,重复 repetition,前缀prefix, 后缀suffix，介词 preposition, 连词 con